六级阅读特训.docx

六级阅读特训.docx

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六级阅读特训

六级阅读训练

（1）

Sinceitsfoundationin1954,theUnitedNationshaswrittenintoitsmajorcovenants（契约）theneedtoestablishminimumagesformarriage.Butthecustomofmarriageisahighlysensitiveculturalissue,mainlybecauseitissounpleasantlyinvolvedwithwomen’srightsandsocietaltraditionsandpractices,andrulesonmarriagevarywidelybetweencountries.Somecountries,particularlyinWestAfrica,stilldonothavealegalminimumageformarriage.

IntheWest,a13-year-oldisstillconsideredachild.Evengettingmarriedinone’slateteensisnotusuallyencouragedbecausemarriedlifeislikelytointerferewithayoungwoman’seducationandconsequentlyrestrictopportunitiesinlaterlife.Andtherearealsophysicaldangersingivingbirthsoyoung.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasoverthepasttenyearsidentifiedearlychildbirthasamajorcauseoffemalemortalityinmanycountries.

UnderIslamicreligiouslaw,theageofconsentforsexandmarriageispuberty,whichMuslimssayisinharmonywiththebiologicaltransitionfromchildhoodintoadulthood.InMuslimcountriessuchasSaudiArabia,IranandPakistan,theageofpubertyataround13or14isthelegalageformarriage,butinTurkeyitis15,andinEgyptandTunisia,18thesameminimumageasinmanyWesterncountries.Itisarguedthatbyallowingearliermarriages,Islamiclawispromotingstablerelationships,whileWesternlawsareencouragingpromiscuityamongyoungpeople.

Inmanycountries,thetrendsofurbanizationandeducationforgirlshaveseenadropinthenumberofchildbrides.However,earlymarriagescontinuetooccurinpoorruralareas,wheresocietyworksverymuchonpersonalarrangementbetweenfamilies,villagesandcommunities.Anditdoesn’tonlyhappenincountrieswhichdon’thavealegalminimumage.InIndia,forexample,thelegalageofmarriageforagirlis18andtoaboy,21.Yet,accordingtogovernmentstatistics,18percentoftentofourteen-yearoldgirlsinthepoor,ruralstateofRajasthaninthenorthwestofthecountryaremarried.Thereareobvioussocialandeconomicaladvantagesfordoingthis:

bymarryingofftheirdaughtersearly,familiesnolongerhavetoprovideforthem;andtheyoungerthebridethesmallerthedowry（嫁妆）,orweddingprice,demandedbythegroom’sfamily.

Itisclear,then,thatchildmarriagesareconnectedwithpoverty,lackofeducationandruralcustomssuchasdowries;theredon’ttendtobeanychildmarriagesinurbanorrichareas.So,unlesstheserealcausesareaddressed,itwillbeextremelyhardtoenforcechange,evenwhenchangeisdictatedbyacountry’sgoverningbody.（451words）

1.Whatisthetopicofthispassage?

A.Childbrides.　　B.Earlymarriages.

C.Minimumageformarriage.　　D.Differentattitudestowardsearlymarriages.

2.Theword“promiscuity”（Line9,Para.3）means__.

A.unstablepartnershipB.firmpartnership　C.diverserelationshipD.singlerelationship

3.____islikelytomarrylate.

A.Womenfromlesseducatedbackground　B.Womenfromruralareas　C.WomenfromIslamiccountries　　D.Womenfromcities

4.ChildmarriagesareNOTrelatedto__________accordingtothepassage.

A.socialpositionB.ruralcustoms　　C.personalarrangementsD.religion

5.Accordingtothepassage,gettingmarriedearlydoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT__________.

A.reducingayoungwoman’seducation　B.limitingayoungwoman’schances

C.causinginfantdeath　D.doingharmtoayoungwoman’shealth

[答案]：

BCDAC

六级阅读训练

（2）

Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear;fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition（营养不良）.

In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplight（困境）werevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnotsavetherich.

In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.

Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestructureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.

1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause______.

A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars　B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars

C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear　D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar

2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto_______.

A.inadequatefeeding　　B.malnutrition　　C.unemployment　　D.automation

3.Theauthoruse”thedisplaced”（Line9,Para.2）torefertothosewhoare_______.

A.unemployed　B.disabled　　C.sick　　D.poor

4.Theword“eligible”（Line6,Para.3）issynonymouswith“_______”

A.necessary　　B.urgent　　C.needed　　D.worthy

5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree,_____.

A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram

B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother

C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.

D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuresettledtheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline.

答案：

BCADD

六级阅读训练（3）

AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorsconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.Thepanelurgeddoctorstoapplytheguidelinesinanalyzingthemassesofpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiesthatwerecollectedinthisyear’sepidemic.Muchofthatinformationhasnotbeenpublishedoranalyzed.

“Itisamatterofurgencytogetbetteranalysisandreview,”saidDr.SimonMardel,aWHOofficialwholedthetwo-daymeetingthatendedonFriday.HesaidthousandsofpotentialtherapiesandcompoundshadbeentestedsofarasresearcherstrytodeterminetreatmentsforSARS,orsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome.“WerecognizethathavingnotreatmentforSARSishinderingourabilitytocontrolanepidemicinsomanyways.”Hesaid.

Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,likedrugstofightthevirusorstrengthentheimmunesystem,aswellastraditionalChinesemedicine,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingsandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.

Standardsupportivetherapylikenursing,andinseverecasestheuseofmechanicalrespirators（呼吸器）tohelppatientsbreathe,isthemainstay（主要支持）ofSARScare,andhelpedmanypatientssurvive.ButdoctorsstilldonotknowhowbesttotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties.Dr.Mardelsaid.Onemethodisinvasiveventilation.Asecondmethodinvolvesblowingoxygenintothelungsthroughamask.Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees.Withoutproperanalysis,thepanelwasunabletosaydefinitivelywhichtreatmentworkedbest,orwhichcausedthemostharm.“Thereisalackofsharedinformation,”Dr.Mardelsaid,notingthatalotofdatahavenotbeenpublished.

Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthatwouldallowdoctorstoconductquickandsafeclinicaltrials,aprocessthatgenerallytakesyearstocomplete.TheworldHealthOrganization,aUnitedNationsagencydidnotreleasetheguideli