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英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析
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英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析
2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析
SectionC
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.
Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60,foundthatcertainmentalfunctions—includingmeasuresofabstractreasoning,mentalspeedandpuzzle-solving—startedtodullasearlyasage27.
Dipsinmemory,meanwhile,generallybecameapparentaroundage37.
Ontheotherhand,indicatorsofaperson'saccumulatedknowledge—likeperformanceontestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledge—keptimprovingwithage,accordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyofAging.
Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories.Mostpeople'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.
"Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone'sabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodispases,"Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.
Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears.
Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle(细微的)changesinmentalfunction,andinvolvesolvingPuzzles,recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsoflettersandsymbols.
Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound,certainaspectsofcognition(认知能力)generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.
Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia(痴呆),accordingtotheresearchers.
"Byfollowingindividualsovertime,"Salthousesaid,"wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline."
Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzing,thestudyparticipants'healthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinfluenceage-relatedcognitivechanges.
47.【题干】Whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction
【选项】
A.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.
C.Itgraduallyexpandswithage.
B.Itweakensinone'slateryears.
D.Itindicatesone'shealthcondition.
【答案】B
【解析】Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.
48.【题干】Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions
【选项】
A.Somediseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline.
B.Theyreachapeakattheageof20formostpeople.
C.Theyarecloselyrelatedtophysical'andmentalexercise.
D.Someofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung.
【答案】D
【解析】butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.
49.【题干】WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeople'smindsinmostcases
【选项】
A.Theytendtodeclineinpeople'slateryears.
B.Theirflexibilitydeterminesone'sabilities.
C.Theyfunctionquitewelleveninoldage.
D.Theirfunctioningisstillapuzzletobesolved.
【答案】C
【解析】Mostpeople'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.
50.【题干】Althoughpeople'smindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,they_____.
【选项】
A.maybebetteratsolvingpuzzles
B.canmemorizethingswithmoreease
C.mayhavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoning
D.canputwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse
【答案】D
【解析】"Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone'sabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodispases,"Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.
51.【题干】AccordingtoSalthouse,theirstudymayhelpus_____.
【选项】
A.findwaystoslowdownourmentaldecline
6.findwaystoboostourmemories
C.understandthecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioning
D.understandtherelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealth
【答案】A
【解析】Salthousesaid,"wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline."
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
ThemostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherisingdiscussioninNashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchildren.Theshorthand(简写)educatorsuseforthisis"pre-K"—meaninginstructionbeforekindergarten—andthebigideaistoprepare4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosucceedontheirK-12journey.
Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.
ThefederalHeadStartprogram,launched50yearsago,hasservedmorethan30millionchildren.ItwasbasedonconceptsdevelopedatVanderbiltUniversity'sPeabodyCollegebySusanGray,thelegendarypioneerinearlychildhoodeducationresearch.
AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissues,relatedtoeducatingachild.
Pre-Kiscontroversial.Somecriticssayitisaluxuryandshouldn'tbefreetofamiliesabletopay.Pre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild'sschooling.Ileantowardthelatterview.
Thisis,inanycase,therightconversationtobehavingnowasMayorMeganBarrytakesoffice.Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.Theimportantthingisforallofustokeepinmindtherealgoalandthelonger,biggerpicture.
Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention(干预)works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.
Forthispurpose,ourschoolsneedboththetalentandtheorganizationtoeducateeachchildwhoarrivesattheschoolhousedoor.Someshowupready,butmanydonotatthiscriticaltimewhenyoungbrainsaredevelopingrapidly.
52.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpre-kindergarteneducation
【选项】
A.Itshouldcatertotheneedsofindividualchildren.
B.Itisessentialtoaperson'sfutureacademicsuccess.
C.Scholarsandpolicymakershavedifferentopinionsaboutit.
D.Parentsregarditasthefirstphaseofchildren'sdevelopment.
【答案】C
【解析】第一段:
Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.
53.【题干】WhatdoesthenewPeabodystudyfind
【选项】
A.Pre-Kachievementsusuallydonotlastlong.
B.Thethirdgrademarksanewphaseoflearning.
C.Thethirdgradeiscriticaltochildren'sdevelopment.
D.Qualityhasnotbeenthetopconcernofpre-Kprograms.
【答案】A
【解析】AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.
54.【题干】Whendoestheauthorthinkpre-Kworksthebest
A.Whenitisaccessibletokidsofallfamilies.
B.Whenitismadepartofkids'education.
C.Whenitisnolongerconsideredaluxury.
D.Whenitismadefunandenjoyabletokids.
【答案】B
【解析】Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissues,relatedtoeducatingachild.
56.【题干】WhatdowelearnaboutMayorMeganBarry
【选项】
A.Sheknowstherealgoalofeducation.
B.Sheisamayorofinsightandvision.
C.Shehasoncerunapre-Kprogram.
D.Sheisafirmsupporterofpre-K.
【答案】D
【解析】Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.
56【题干】Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscriticaltokids'education
【选项】
A.Teachingmethod.
B.Kids'interest.
C.Earlyintervention.
D.Parents'involvement.
【答案】C
【解析】Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention(干预)works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.