你需要知道的10多种语言技巧 10 Language techniques 英语作文语言写作技巧.docx

你需要知道的10多种语言技巧 10 Language techniques 英语作文语言写作技巧.docx

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你需要知道的10多种语言技巧10Languagetechniques英语作文语言写作技巧

你需要知道的10多种语言技巧

Morethan10Languagetechniquesyouneedtoknow

Languagetechniqueplaysanessentialroleinwritingastoryorassignmentwriting.Thereisawiderangeoflanguagetechniques.Beforewegofurther,it’simportantforustoknowthedefinitionofLanguagetechniques.

Whatislanguagetechnique?

Languagetechniquesaretheelementsthatawriterbringstohisorherstorytoemphasizethethemeonwhichtheyarefocusing.Itplaysanimportantfactorinwritinganessayorstory.

Languagetechniquesandelementscanbefoundanywhereinthestory.Asaresult,ithelpsastudenttounderstandastory,poem,essay,ornovelinabetterway.

Languagetechniquesandtheireffects

Languagetechniquehelpsyoutoscorewellinyourwriting.Ifyouhaveadeepunderstandingoflanguagetechniques,thenyoucanscorewell.Forthis,youneedtounderstandlanguagetechniquesdeeply.

Languagetechniquesandtheireffectshelpyoutounderstandthefollowingprincipalfactors:

Howwritersgainimpactintheirwriting

tousevariousfeaturesinyourwriting（creativeandtransactional,aswellasforyouroralpresentations）tocraftyourwritingandgainimpact

tohelpyouachieveunitstandardswhichrequireyoutoexplorelanguageandthinkcriticallyaboutpoetic/transactional/oraltextsIntheEnglishlanguage,youwilllearnmanylanguagetechniques.Thesetechniquesarehelpfulinmakingagoodessayorstory.Thesetechniqueshelpustowriteinadifferentstyleandformat.Moreover,thesearethebaseofthewritingtechniques.

Firstofall,wewilldiscussthelanguagefeatureandthecommonverballanguagetechnique.

Let’sdiscusstheLanguagefeature.

Languagefeature

Whenanalyzinglanguage,youmustshowthatyouareawareofhowitiswritten.Thismeansidentifyingthelanguagefeaturesusedandexplainingtheireffect.Thiswillgetclearerwhenyoureadtheexamples.

Letusdiscussmorethan10techniquesthateveryoneshouldknow.

CommonVerbal/WrittenEnglishTechniques

Now,let’sdiscussthemostcommonEnglishlanguagetechniques!

TheseincludeliterarytechniquesandfiguresofspeechthatweuseintheEnglishlanguagetoconveymessages,meaning,ordepthinourwriting,poetry,orstorylines.HerewewilldiscussthelistofstructuralfeaturesinEnglish.

Assonance

Itistherepetitionofthevowelsoundscreatinganinternalrhymingwithinphrasesandsentences.

Example:

Inthesentence,“Themotherspokeinalowmellowtone.”Thiscontainstherepetitionofthe“o”sound.Thisindicatesthatthereisarepetitionofavowelsound.

Imagery

Imageryisapopularlanguagetechnique.Itisusefulforthestudents.Ithelpsthestudentstosetupanimageorsceneintheaudience’smind.Thismakesasensoryimpressionintheirmind.Thestudentscanrelatetheirtaskwiththehelpofimagery.

Example:

Inthesentence:

Themusicwassomovingthatourwholebodywasshakingasifitcamefromwithinus.

Imperative

Imperativesareoneofthemostimportantlanguagetechniques.Weuseimperativestogiveorders,commands,warningsorinstruction.Ifyourequestsomebody,thenweuse“please.”

Example:

Comehere!

Sitdown!

Donotwalkonthegrass.Minorsentences

Minorsentencesarealsoknownasirregularsentences.Thesesentencesconsistthefollowing:

●singlewords

●sentencefragments

●interjections

●idioms

●Proverbs

TherearetwomainpartsofaMinorsentence:

Singlewordssentences

Inconversationallanguage,weusesinglewordstogettheresponseorinformationfromanotherperson.Someofthesinglewordsentencesaresentencewords,one-wordsentences,orjustwordsentences.

PersonA:

“Whereisyourmeetingagain?

”

PersonB:

“Denver.”EventhoughpersonBrespondedinasingleword,butitcontainsalltherelevantinformationthatisnecessaryforthecontextoftheconversation.

Sentencefragments

Weoftenusesentencefragmentsasstandalonesentences.Thefollowingaretheexamples:

●Phrases

●Incompleteclauses

●Dependentclauses

InconversationalEnglish,weusetheselanguagetechniques.Whenwetalkorrespondtoanotherperson,weusethislanguagetechnique.

Example:

PersonA:

“Areyougoingtohavelunchsoon?

”

B:

“Inaboutanhour.”（prepositionalphrase）

PersonA:

“Doyouwanttocometoamoviewithmelater?

”

B:

“Soundsgood!

”（incompleteclause）

PersonA:

“Whendidyourealizethatyouwantedtopursuepolitics?

”

B:

“WhenIwasincollege.”（dependentclause）Interjections

Interjectionsconveyemotions,expressesmeaningandfeeling.Interjectionsaredividedintoprimaryandsecondaryinterjections.

Primaryinterjections

Primaryinterjectionsaresinglewordsderivedfromsounds,ratherthanfromexistingwordclasses.Itstillhaswidelyrecognizedmeaning.Somecommonprimaryinterjectionsare:

●argh（anexpressionoffrustration）

●brr（anexpressionofbeingcold）

●eww（anexpressionofdisgust）

●grr（anexpressionofanger）

●ooh（anexpressionofamazement）

●phew（anexpressionofrelief）

Acommahelpsinlinkingtheinterjectionstoamajorsentence.Theycanalsostandontheirownasminorsentences.Youcanpunctuateaninterjectionwiththehelpofexclamationmarks.

“Ooh!

That’sabeautifuldress.”

“Brr!

It’sfreezinginhere!

”

“Eww!

Ihatecoconuts!

”SecondaryInterjections

Secondaryinterjectionsaresinglewordsorshortphrasesthatbelongtootherexistingwordclasses.Somecommonsecondaryinterjectionsare:

●blessyou

●congratulations

●goodgrief

●hell

●hey

●hi

●ohmy

●ohwell

●shoot

●ohmyGod

●well

●what

●Wow

Secondaryinterjectionsoftenpunctuatedwithexclamationpoints.Forexample:

“OhmyGod!

Wewonthelottery!

”

“Wow!

Whatagreatachievement!

”

“Congratulations!

Thatwasanimpressivevictory.”However,wecanalsohaveweakersecondaryinterjectionsthatarepunctuatedwithperiodsorinterrogativeonesthatusequestionmarks.

Example:

“Wellshoot.Ireallythoughtweweregoingtowin.”

“Goodgrief.Ididn’tseethatcoming.”

“Well?

Arewegoingtowatchamovie?

”

“What?

Youdon’tlikecoconuts?

”Idioms

Anidiomisaphraseorfixedexpressionthathasafigurative,orsometimesliteral,meaning.Whiletalkinginconversationallanguage,weuseIdioms.

Example:

PersonA:

“Hi,howareyou?

”

PersonB:

“Hey,Jeff!

Longtimenosee!

”

PersonA:

“Howcanyouevictusfromourhouselikethis

B:

“Ordersareorders.”

PersonA:

“Whenwillyouhavethatreportreadyforme?

”

B:

“Anyminutenow!

”Idiomsarefrequentlyusedandunderstoodineverydayspeechandwriting.Theyareabbreviated,withthefullphraselefttobeunderstoodbythelistenerorreader.Forinstance:

Example:

PersonA:

“Iwentthroughallthetroubleofgettingherthisjob,andshestillmanagedtoscrewitup.”

B:

“Well,youcanleadahorsetowater.”（Shortformof“Youcanleadahorsetowater,butyoucan’tmakeitdrink.”）

PersonA:

“Itookthemtothebestrestaurantintown,buttheysaidtheywouldratherhavehadcheeseburgers.”

B:

“Whatdoyouexpect?

Pearlsbeforeswine.”（Shortformof”cast（one’s）pearlsbeforeswine”.）Proverb

Proverbsaresimilartoidioms.Theyarealsounderstoodduetotheirfrequentuse.Proverbsarewidelyusedbyeveryone.Proverbsareself-containedsentencesthatexpressatruthbasedoncommonsenseorsharedexperience.Manyofthemaredividedintominorsentencesovertime.

Example:

“Youshouldtryandformbetterhabitsinyourday-to-dayroutine.Earlytobed,earlytorise,thatsortofthing!

”（Shortfor“Earlytobedandearlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthy,andwise”）

“I’mnotsurewhypeopleareshockedthathe’ssuspectedofstealing.Iftheshoefits.”（Shortfor“Iftheshoefits,wearit.”）

“Sure,bringyourfriends.Themore,themerrier!

”.Neologism

Haveyoueverheardthefollowingwords?

●Amazement

●cold-blooded

●blushing

●Gnarled

Whatdoyouthink,whatarethecommonthingsinthesewords?

Shakespeareinventedthemandwastermedasneologisms.Neologismisnewwordorphrasewhichmostofthewritersdoesnotusenow.Shakespeareusedneologisminhisstoriesandpoems.

Example1

butter:

togivealong,ramblingspeechaboutuncertainty

Buttercombinesotherwordslikeblabberandstuttertocreateanewwordwithanewmeaning.

Example2

onesteva:

thesoundanoffthehookphonemakes

Thiswordisanattemptathavingawordforthesoundweallknowsowell.

Example3

sarchasm:

thegulfbetweentheauthorofsarcasticclevernessandthepersonwhodoesn’tgetit

Thiswordcombinessarcasmwithchasmforahumorousnewword.

TypesofNeologisms

Asthereareavarietyofwaystomakenewwords,thereareavarietyoftypesofneologisms.Hereareafewspecifictypesofneologisms:

PortmanteausorBlendWords

Portmanteausdojustwhattheysay:

Twowordsareblendtogethertocreateanewwordwhichcombinestheirmeanings.

Hereareafewexamplesofblendwords:

●smoke+fog=smog

●spoon+fork=spork

●breakfast+lunch=brunch

Derivedwords

DerivedwordsarewordsthatuseancientGreekandLatinphrasestomatchtheEnglishlanguage.

Hereareafewexamplesofderivedwords:

1.Latinword:

Villa

Meaning:

villaorhouse

Derivedwords:

villa,village,villager

2.Latinword:

sub

Meaning:

under

Derivedwords:

submarine,subway

3.Latinword:

Copia

Meaning:

plenty

Derivedwords:

cornucopia,copious

Transferredwords

Transferredwordstakederivedwordstoawholenewlevel,astheyencompasswordstakenfromanotherlanguageandusedinanadjustedforminEnglish.

herbsfromFrenchisknownas

herbesmeaningherbs

alligatorfromSpanishisknownasmeaninglizard

wienerdogfromGermanisknownas

wienermeaninghotdog

Newwordscomefromcreativityandinvention.Sometimeswemergetheexisti