高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破专题16追本溯源阅读理解之推理判断与主旨大意热点难点突破含答案.docx

高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破专题16追本溯源阅读理解之推理判断与主旨大意热点难点突破含答案.docx

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高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破专题16追本溯源阅读理解之推理判断与主旨大意热点难点突破含答案

专题16追本溯源　阅读理解之推理判断与主旨大意

一、“CanIseemybaby？

”askedthehappynewmother.Thebundle（婴儿包）wasplacedinherarmsandwhenshemovedthefoldofclothtolookuponhistinyface，shegasped—thebabyhadbeenbornwithoutears.Time，however，provedthatthebaby’shearingwasperfectexcepthisappearance.

Onedaywhenherushedhomefromschoolandthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，hecriedoutbitterly，“Aboy，abigboy...calledme—afreak.”Shesighed，knowingthathislifewastobeendlessofheartbreaks.

Hegrewup，handsomeforhismisfortune.Afavoritewithhisfellowstudents，hemighthavebeenclasspresident，butforthat.Hedevelopedagiftforliteratureandmusic.

Theboy’sfatherhadatalkwiththefamilydoctor.“Couldnothingbedone？

”“Ibelievewecouldgraft（移植）onapairofouterears，iftheycouldbedonated，”thedoctordecided.Sothesearchbeganforapersonwhowouldmakesuchasacrificeforayoungman.Twoyearswentby.Then，“You’regoingtothehospital，son.MotherandIhavesomeonewhowilldonatetheearsyouneed.Butit’sasecret.”saidthefather.

Theoperationwasabrilliantsuccess.Histalentsblossomedintogenius.Schoolandcollegebecameaseriesofsuccesses.Later，hemarriedandenteredthediplomatic（外交）service.“ButImustknow！

”heurgedhisfather.“Whogavesomuchforme?

Icouldneverdoenoughforhim.”“Idonotbelieveyoucould，”saidthefather，“buttheagreementwasthatyouarenottoknow...notyet.”

Theyearskeptthesecret，butthedaydidcome—oneofthedarkestdaysthateverpassedthroughason.Hestoodwithhisfatheroverhismother’scasket（棺材）.Slowlyandtenderly，thefatherstretchedforthahandandraisedthethick，reddish-brownhairtoletoutthesecret.

1.Thestoryismainlyabout.

A.howaboyhadnewearsthroughanoperation

B.whatadevotedparentprivatelydidforthechild

C.howadisabledboyturnedintoausefulperson

D.whyadonatormadeasacrificetoabrightboy

答案　B

解析　主旨大意题。

本文主要讲了一位伟大无私的母亲把自己的耳朵捐给自己的孩子的故事。

故选B。

2.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatthemother.

A.wasdeterminedtodonateherearstoperfectherson

B.keptherhusbandunknownaboutthebaby’ssituation

C.feltshockedanddisappointedtoseehernewbaby

D.complainedofherbadlucktohaveadisabledchild

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“whenshemovedthefoldofclothtolookuponhistinyface，shegasped—thebabyhadbeenbornwithoutears”可知，母亲看到她的新生儿没有耳朵感到震惊和失望。

3.Theunderlinedword“freak”inParagraph2istheclosestinmeaningto“”.

A.slow-actingperson

B.ugly-lookingchild

C.badly-behavedstudent

D.strangely-shapedcreature

答案　D

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Theagreementwasbetweenthedonatorandthefamily.

B.Theboywassopopularthathewasmadeclasspresident.

C.Finallytheboycametoknowwhothedonatorwas.

D.Themotherdonatedherearstohersonaftershedied.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段可知，那个男孩在母亲去世，父亲撩开母亲的头发时最终知道了是母亲把耳朵给了他。

故选C。

5.Whatmorallessoncanwedrawfromthisreading?

A.Realloveliesinwhatisdoneunknownratherthanwhatisdoneknown.

B.Itisuptoparentstohelptheirchildrenheartandsoul.

C.Truebeautyliesonlyintheheartnotinappearance.

D.Itisavirtueforyounggenerationstolearntobegrateful.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。

本文通过讲述一位伟大的母亲为儿子捐献耳朵并对儿子保守秘密，让我们感受到了母爱的伟大，有时真爱隐藏在深处而不是流露于外表。

二、Askmostpeopleanywhereintheworldwhattheywantoutoflifeandthereplywillprobablybe：

“tobehappy”.EdDeiner，anAmericanpsychologyprofessor，hasspenthiswholeprofessionallifestudyingwhatmakespeoplehappy，comparinglevelsofhappinessbetweenculturesandtryingtofindoutexactlywhyweenjoyourselves.

Manypeoplewouldsaythatthisquestiondoesnotneedananswer.ButProfessorDeinerhasoneanyway.“Ifyou’reacheerful，happyperson，yourmarriageismorelikelytolast，andyou’remorelikelytomakemoneyandbesuccessfulatyourjob.Onaverage，happypeoplehavestrongerimmunesystems，andthereissomeevidencethattheylivelonger.”

Sowhoaretheworld’shappiestpeople？

Itdependsonhowthewordisdefined.Thereisindividualhappiness，thesenseofjoywegetwhenwedosomethingwelike.Butthereisalsothefeelingofsatisfactionwegetwhenweknowthatothersrespectusandapproveofhowwebehave.AccordingtoProfessorDeiner，theWesternworldpursuesindividualhappinesswhileAsiaprefersmutualsatisfaction.

“IntheWest，theindividualisticculturemeansthatyourmoodmattersmuchmorethanitdoesintheEast.Peopleaskthemselvesiftheyaredoingwhatisfunorinteresting.Theybecomeunhappywhentheycan’tdoanyofthesethings.IfyouaskpeoplefromJapanorChinaiftheyarehappy，theytendtolookatwhathasgonewrongintheirlives.Ifnotmuchhasgonewrong，thentheyaresatisfied.”

PeoplefromSpainandotherSpanish-speakingcountrieshadthehappiestculture，ProfessorDeinerfound.“Thebiggestculturaldifferenceistodowithprideandshame.Hispanic（西班牙语的）culturesreportmuchmoreprideandmuchlessshamethanothers.”

Incomealsomadeabigdifferencetopeople’shappiness，butonlyatthelowestlevels.AverageincomeearnersintheUSweremuchhappierthanpeopleinpoverty.Butmillionaireswereonlyalittlebithappierthanpeopleonaverageincomes.Itseemsthatmoneymakesushappywhenwehaveenoughtofeelsecure.

6.Accordingtothepassage，happypeopleenjoythefollowingbenefitsEXCEPT.

A.alongmarriageB.respectfromothers

C.professionsuccessD.betterhealth

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

由第二段第三、四句“Ifyou’reacheerful，happyperson，yourmarriageismorelikelytolast，andyou’remorelikelytomakemoneyandbesuccessfulatyourjob.Onaverage，happypeoplehavestrongerimmunesystems，andthereissomeevidencethattheylivelonger.”可知，快乐的人婚姻更长久，工作更成功，寿命也更长。

即长久的婚姻、健康、事业成功都属于快乐带来的好处。

文中并未提到快乐可以给人带来尊重。

7.InProfessorDeiner’sopinion，.

A.Asianshaveaculturetoenjoyindividualhappiness

B.WesternerscaremoreaboutmutualsatisfactionthanAsians

C.Asiansfocusmoreonothers’respectandapprovalthanWesterners

D.Westernersvalueindividualhappinessasmuchasmutualsatisfaction

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

由第三段最后一句“AccordingtoProfessorDeiner，theWesternworldpursuesindividualhappinesswhileAsiaprefersmutualsatisfaction.”可知，Deiner认为西方人更追求个人的快乐，而亚洲人却追求双向满意。

由此可推知，亚洲人比西方人更在意别人的尊重和认同。

8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefifthparagraph?

A.AttitudetowardsprideandshameresultsinSpanishhappiness.

B.Spanishpeopletaketoomuchprideinthemselves.

C.Hispaniccultureslaystressonprideandshame.

D.IfyouarefromSpain，youarethehappiest.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。

第五段大意为“来自西班牙和以西班牙语为母语国家的人拥有最快乐的文化，Deiner发现最大的文化差别在于对骄傲和耻辱的态度，西班牙文化比其他文化更强调骄傲而非耻辱”。

由此可推知，对骄傲和耻辱的态度造就了西班牙语文化的快乐属性，所以A项正确。

9.Inthelastparagraph，theauthorseemstotellus.

A.poorpeopleenjoythesamehappinessasmillionaires

B.thehigherincomeonegets，thehappierlifehelives

C.averageincomeearnerslivethehappiestlife

D.enoughmoneycanmakeusfeelsafeandhappy

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。

最后一段大意为“收入也会导致快乐程度的不同，美国中产阶层比贫穷阶层过得更快乐，但百万富翁只比中产阶层快乐一点点，钱会使人快乐是因为当我们拥有足够的钱时我们会有安全感。

”由此可知，作者在最后一段表达了“足够多的钱会让人们感到快乐和安全”这样一种看法，所以D项正确；但此段并无“钱越多人就越快乐”之意，B项将“足够多的钱能让人快乐”和“钱越多人越快乐”混为一谈，所以B项错误。

10.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.culturaldifferencesinhappiness

B.thehappiestculture

C.reasonsforhappiness

D.benefitsofhappiness

答案　C

三、ManypublicfiguresfromIT，showbusiness，andsportshavejoinedtheIceBucketChallengetoraisemoneyforamyotrophiclateralsclerosis（ALS）（肌萎缩性侧索硬化）research.Anumberofinternationalfamouspeoplehavealreadytakenthechallenge，includingMicrosoftco-founderBillGates，FacebookCEOMarkZuckerberg，AfounderandCEOJeffBezos，andAppleInc.CEOTimCook.TroubledmusicianJustinBieberevenchallengedUSPresidentBarackObama.

TheALSIceBucketChallengerequiresthatparticipantspourabucketoficewateronthemselvesandthenpostavideoofitonsocialmediawhilenominatingoneormorepeopletodothesamewithin24hours.Peoplewhofailtotakethechallengewillhavetodonate

100toTheALSAssociation，whichadvocatesfindingtreatmentandacureforALS.Andmanyofthosewho’vetakenthechallengedonatedaswell.

ALSisararediseasethatgraduallyreducespatients’musclestrength，finallymakingthembecomeunabletospeak，move，swallowandbreathe.InNorthAmerica，ALSiscommonlyknownasLouGehrig’sdisease，afterthestarbaseballplayerwhodiedofthediseasein1941attheageof38.Thebest-knownALSpatienttodayisBritishscientistStephenHawking.WhilemostpeoplewithALSsurviveonlytwotofiveyearsafterdiagnosis（诊断），Hawkinghashadthediseasefordecades.ThemedicaltreatmentforALSisveryexpensiveandcannotbecoveredbymostsocialwelfareprograms.ThiscreatesdifficultiesformanyALSpatientsandtheirfamilies，bothphysicallyandmentally.

“Duetotheicebucketcampaign，manypeoplearebeginningtoknowaboutALS.WithmorepeopleawareandmorepeopletakingpartinthefightagainstALS，wecancalmlyworkwithnotonlyotherALSorganizations，butalsowithmedicalcompaniestospeedupnewtreatmentsforpeopleaffectedbythedisease，”saidBarbaraNewhouse，PresidentandCEOofTheALSAssociation.

31.WhydoestheauthormentionmanyfamouspeopleinParagraph1?

A.TostressthepopularityoftheIceBucketChallenge.

B.Toadviseustolearnfromthem.

C.Toprovetheyaregenerous.

D.TointroducethetargetgroupoftheIceBucketChallenge.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。

文章第一段主要介绍很多名人都参与了冰桶挑战，故可推知作者意在通过列举名人吸引读者注意，突出强调冰桶挑战的流行，进而引出下文对冰桶挑战及背景的介绍，故A项正确。

32.Paragraph2ismainlyabouttheIceBucketchallenge’s.

A.influenceB.purpose

C.rulesD.development

答案　C

解析　段落大意题。

第二段主要讲的是冰桶挑战要求参与者要将一桶冰水倒在自己身上，并在社交媒体上发布一个视频，提名一个或更多的人在24小时内做同样的事情，那些没有完成挑战的人要捐100美元给ALS机构。

因此，第二段主要讲的是冰桶挑战的规则，rules符合文意。

influence意为“影响”；purpose意为“目的”