考研英语真题及答案解析文都何老师.docx
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考研英语真题及答案解析文都何老师
2013考研英语真题及答案解析：
难度稍降分数线预计持平
2012年英语已经结束，考研辅导专家第一时间为你提供真题解析，以帮助广大考生及时估分查询，希望考生能顺利进入复试，最终考上理想的大学。
英语试题的整体难度
今年的英语试题，参比2011年难度上是持平的，但是有些试题的难度要比2011年的前70分要容易一些。
英语写作部分
今年英语
（一）的写作完全在教育部出题老师的指导下，让所有2012年的考生能够把自己的目光还原到我们的大学，大学生活，提示中可看到今年小作文的考题实际是让同学像有些国际学生，一些留学生要来我们的学校，作为我们来讲是东道主，我们是主人，应该向他们提供我们的一些建议，希望他们能够更好的完成学业，这个话题真的是司空见惯，而且以前的高考和四六级模拟中经常看到，所以，这道题难度不大。
今年英语
（一）的大作文可能让同学们感到比较头疼，看到这个题目同学们不知道如何下手，有很多同学都喜欢看一些中央电视台的《百家讲坛》，其中，有一个非常非常不错的女老师就是于丹老师曾经在《百家讲坛》说过一句话，就是我们人生应该如何面对，我们应该以什么态度去体会我们真正生活存在的空间。
英语
（二）的小作文相对去年来说要难一些，今年小作文考的是投诉信，全世界所有需要考英语的学生们，其中有很多人他们需要考信件，但是据了解有很多全世界各国要考英语信件的同学们，他们有一个共识，信件方面最难写的其实就是投诉信;所以，英语
（二）的小作文比英语
（一）的小作文难一些。
分数线预测
今年考题和去年考题进行大致比对后，分数线在某种意义上是持平，有些题目要容易一些，但是不能乐观的分析今年的分数线，因为165万多人去考研，比去年增加很多，可是在扩招的整个名额中并没有多了多少，所以，还是保持谨慎乐观，还是以去年的分数线参照。
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationonthatday.
To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.
Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews,12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.
DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.
1.[A]grant[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers
2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external
3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment
4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall
5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless
6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for
7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless
8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test
9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success
10.[A]chosen[B]stupid[C]found[D]identified
11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise
12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured
13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged
14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took
15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather
16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced
17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below
18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate
19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard
20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpful
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions：
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）
Text1
Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.
Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswithfeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadesorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quckierturnroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Thoselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposal——meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat——andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakingallindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.
Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera5.95knitminiskirtinallits2300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wage,overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountofharmfulchemicals.
Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumeractivistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durable,andwasteful,”Clineargues,Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear——about64itemsperperson——andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.
TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSKB,who,since2008hasmakeallofherownclothes——andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexample,can’tbeknockedoff.
Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment——includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionLine——Clinebelieveslasting-changecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordtoit.
21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher
[A]poorbargainingskill. [B]insensitivitytofashion.
[C]obsessionwithhighfashion. [D]lackofimagination.
22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto
[A]combatunnecessarywaste. [B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.
[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements. [D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.
23.Theword“indictment”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto
[A]accusation. [B]enthusiasm. [C]indifference. [D]tolerance.
24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph
[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists. [B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.
[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments. [D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.
25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext
[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle. [B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.
[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry. [D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.
Text2
Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.
Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:
ShouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouraladsOrshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission
InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission（FTC）proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance（DAA）agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.
OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:
ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.
Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.
AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:
"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple
26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:
[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves [B]lowertheiroperationalcosts
[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers [D]providebetteronlineservices
27.“Theindustry”（Line6,Para.3）refersto:
[A]onlineadvertisers [B]e-commerceconductors
[C]digitalinformationanalysis [D]internetbrowserdevelopers
28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault
[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads [B]failstoaffecttheadindustry
[C]willnotbenefitconsumers[D]goes
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