阅读宝典整理一.docx

阅读宝典整理一.docx

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阅读宝典整理一

判断代词的指代关系

一般说来，this,that,it,they,them,one等代词指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句中（特别是前句），或者前几个句子中，找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。

考点击破

（1）

[2009年安徽卷]…Peopleobviouslyhaveaneedfortheresourceswegainfromcuttingtreesbutwewillsuffermuchmorethanwewillbenefit.

Therearetwomainreasonsforthis.Firstly,whenpeoplecutdowntrees,generallytheycanonlyusethelandforayearortwo.Secondly,cuttinglargesectionsofrainforestsmayprovideagoodsupplyofwoodrightnow,butinthelongrunitactuallyreducestheworld’swoodsupply.

77.Whatdoestheword“this”underlinedinthethirdparagraphreferto?

A.Wewilllosemuchmorethanwecangain.

B.Humanshavebegundestroyingrainforests.

C.Peoplehaveastrongdesireforresources.

D.Muchcarbondioxidecomesfromburningrainforests.

（2）

[2009年四川卷]Finally,overmanyyears,theenergybenefitfromburningethanolwouldmakeupfortheforestloss.Butbythen,climatechangewouldhaveprogressedsofarthatitmightnothelp.

62.Theunderlineword“it”inthesecondparagraphrefersto“”.

A.theenergybenefitB.theforestloss

C.climatechangeD.burningethanol

（3）

[2008年浙江卷]Firstofall,joggingisveryhardonthebody.Yourlegsandfeettakearealpounding（重击）runningdownaroadfortwoorthreemiles.Idevelopedfoot,leg,andbackproblems.ThenIreadaboutanationallyfamousjoggerwhodiedofaheartattackwhilejogging,andIhadsomethingelsetoworryabout.Joggingdoesn’tkillhundredsofpeople,butifyouhaveanyphysicalweaknesses,joggingwillsurelybringthemout,astheydidwithme.

57.Theunderlinedword“them”mostprobablyrefersto____________.

A.heartattacksB.backproblems

C.famousjoggersD.physicalweaknesses

（4）

[2008年陕西卷]Photographsareeverywhere.Theydecoratethewallsofhomesandareusedinstoresforsalesofdifferentgoods.Thenewsisfilledwithpicturesoffires,floods,andspecialevents.Photosrecordthebeautiesofnature.Theycanalsobringthingsclosethatarefaraway.Throughphotos,peoplecanseewildanimals,citiesinforeignlands,andeventhestarsinouterspace.Photosalsotellstories.

46.Theunderlinedword“They”inthefirstparagraphrefersto.

A.beautiesB.photosC.goodsD.events

推断单词的语境意义

这类考题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测。

提问的方式主要有：

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“…”inthefirstparagraphmean?

（2）Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword？

（3）Theunderlinedword“…”mostprobablymeans____.

（4）Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby__________.

（5）Accordingtothepassage,theunderlinedword“…”isclosestinmeaningto“_________”.

解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词部分的上下文来推测其意思。

另外，有以下几个小技巧：

（1）根据接近或递进关系：

由and或or等来确定生词的义域，推知它的大致意义。

（2）根据选择或相对关系：

对比or（要么，或者）前面和后面的句子或词语，来猜测生词的含义。

（3）根据同位或解释关系：

通过生词后的定语、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等解释说明来推测其意思。

（4）根据转折或对比关系：

由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义。

表示转折的词有but,however,otherwise,though等，表示对比关系的标志性词语有unlike,while,ontheotherhand,inspiteof,incontrast等；另外，有时分号也可以表示转折、对比关系。

（5）根据因果关系：

根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。

既可由因推果；也可由果推因。

表示因果关系的有because,sothat,so/such…that…等。

（6）根据列举的实例：

根据suchas,forexample等后列举的实例推测出前面某个词语的意思。

注意：

考题中若是需要推测意思的是熟词，我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思，那些常规含义的选项一般不会是要选择的正确答案。

阅读下列段落节选,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项。

并思考你在选择过程中运用了什么方法。

（1）

[2008江苏卷]Sothemainissueinusingyourtimewellis,“Who’sincharge?

”Wecanallowtimetoslipbyandletitbeourenemy.Orwecantakecontrolofitandmakeitourally.

56.Theunderlinedword“ally”inPara.3mostlikelymeanssomebodyorsomethingthatis_________.

A.yourslaveandservesyou

B.yoursupporterandhelpsyou

C.underyourcontrolandobeysyou

D.underyourinfluenceandfollowsyou

（2）

[2009年四川卷]July21st,2007wasatypicalEnglishsummer’sday—itrainedfor24hours!

Asusual,Irushedhomefromworkatmiddaytocheckonthehouse.Nothingwasamiss.BythetimeIleftworkat5pm,however,theroadintoourvillagewasflooded.Ourhousehadneverbeenfloodedbut,asIopenedthefrontdoor,awaveofwatergreetedme.ThankGodthekidsweren’twithme,becausethehousewas5feetdeepinwater.Welosteverythingdownstairs.

46.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“amiss”inthefirstparagraphmean?

A.Wrong.B.Missing.C.Right.D.Found

（3）

[2008年辽宁卷]Atwo-bedroomflatinMoscownowcosts$4,000amonth;aCD$24.83,andaninternationalnewspaper$6.30,accordingtoMercer.Bycomparison,afastfoodmealwithahamburgerisastealat$4.80.

76.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“asteal”inParagraph3mean?

A.anactofstealingB.somethingdelicious

C.somethingverycheapD.anactofbuying

（4）

[2008年辽宁卷]Studyshowedthatitisanunusualkindofprotein.Ithasmanysmallsugarmolecules（分子）heldinspecialpositionswithineachbigproteinmolecule.Becauseofitssugarcontent,itiscalledaglycoprotein.Soithascometobecalledtheantifreezefishglycoprotein,orAFGP.

74.Whatdoes“glycol”inunderlinedword“glycoprotein”inthethisparagraphmean?

A.sugarB.iceC.bloodD.molecule

（5）

[2009年山东卷]…They’vestudiedtheeffectofstatetaxincreasesforyears,findingthatsmokers,especiallyteens,arepricesensitive.Norisitashocktotheindustry,whichfiercelyfightseverytaxincrease.

Theonlywonderisthatsomanystatesinsistonclosingtheirearstothemessage.Tobaccotaxesimprovepublichealth,theyraisemoneyandmostparticularly,theydeterpeoplefromtakingupthehabitasteens,whichiswhennearlyallsmokersareaddicted.Yettherateoftaxationvarieswidely.

68.Theunderlinedword“deter”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.

A.discourageB.removeC.benefitD.free

（6）

[2008年天津卷]Wesometimestoldourselvesthatwhatweweredoinginthewoodswasexploring.…

Oftenwegot“lost”andhadtoclimbatreetofindoutwherewewere.Ifyoureadastoryinwhichsomeonedoesthatsuccessfully,beskeptical:

thetopmostbranchesareusuallytooskinnytoholdweight,andwecouldneverclimbhighenoughtoseeanythingexceptothertrees.

58.Theunderlinedword“skeptical”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.

A.calmB.doubtfulC.seriousD.optimistic

推断短语或句子的意思

推断短语和句子的意思，跟推断单词的意思一样，可以根据前后的因果关系、对比关系、转折关系、递进关系等逻辑关系来判断，但更重要的是要善于根据上下文的内容，结合语境理解某个短语的具体含义或某个句子的深层含义。

注意：

字面意义往往不是要选的答案，考查的往往是隐含意义。

阅读下列短文或段落,从每题所给的四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

（1）

[2009年天津卷]Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways.Quiteoftenthereisnoofficialnamingceremonybutplacestendtobecallednamesaspointsofreferencebypeople.Thenanorganizedbodystepsinandgivestheplaceaname.Frequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonames:

Oneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment.Asinmanyareas,oldhabitsdiehard,andtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost.

37.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“diehard”probablymean?

A.Changesuddenly.B.Changesignificantly.

C.Disappearmysteriously.D.Disappearveryslowly.

（2）

[2009年全国I卷]Whenmonkey-pox,adiseaseusuallyfoundintheAfricanrainforest,suddenlyturnsupinchildrenintheAmericanMidwest,it’shardnottowonderifthediseasethatcomesfromforeignanimalsishominginonhumanbeings.…

“Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictercontrolneedchanging,”saysPeterSchantz.Monkey-poxmaybethewake-upcall.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.…

68.Whatdoesthephrase“thewake-upcall”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.anewdiseaseB.aclearwarning

C.adangerousanimalD.amorningcall

（3）

[2009年陕西卷]NotallofMom’sadvicepassedthetestofmedicalstudies.Forexample,generationsofchildrenhavebeentoldnottogoswimmingwithinanhouraftereating.Butresearchsuggeststhatthereisnodangerindoingso.

Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdon’tholdwater,thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwives’tales.Afterall,muchofthisknowledgehasbeenaccumulated（积累）fromthousandsofyearsofexperienceinfamilyhealthcare.

53.Thephrase“holdwater”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans”_____”.

A.tobebelievableB.tobevaluable

C.tobeadmirableD.tobesuitable

（4）

[2009年天津卷]Iamawriter.Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage—thewayitcanevoke（唤起）anemotion,avisualimage,acomplexidea,orasimpletruth.Languageisthetoolofmytrade.AndIusethemall—alltheEnglishesIgrewupwith.

41.Bysaying“Languageisthetoolofmytrade”,theauthormeansthat______.

A.sheusesEnglishinforeigntrade

B.sheisfascinatedbylanguages

C.sheworksasatranslator

D.sheisawriterbyprofession

（5）

[2009年北京卷]Sofarscientistshavefocusedmainlyonpublicbuildings.“Wehaveaverylimitednumberofstudies,sowe’realmostlookingattheproblemthroughastraw（吸管）,”architectDavidAllisonsays.“Howdoyoutakeanswerstoveryspecificquestionsandmakebroad,generalizeduseofthem?

That’swhatwe’reallstrugglingwith.”

66.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat______.

A.theproblemisnotapproachedstepbystep

B.theresearchessofarhavefaultsinthemselves

C.theproblemistoodifficultforresearcherstodetect

D.researchinthisareaisnotenoughtomakegeneralizedpatterns

巧解语意转换题

这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的理解。

主要针对who,what,which,why,how,when,where等来提问，可能只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节。

这类题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接地找到，但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思，即语意转换。

解题时注意以下两点：

（1）用题干或选项中的关键词在文中搜索（寻读）找到题眼，迅速锁定相关词句或信息点，这是解题的依据所在。

（2）如果题干中含有否定意义的词语，如有not,except,least等，要特别留心。

（2）

[2008年广东卷]Sometimesyou’llhearpeoplesa