阅读宝典整理一.docx

1、阅读宝典整理一判断代词的指代关系一般说来，this, that, it, they, them, one等代词指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句中(特别是前句)，或者前几个句子中，找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。考点击破 (1) 2009年安徽卷People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit. There are two

2、 main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees, generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now, but in the long run it actually reduces the worlds wood supply.77. What does the word “thi

3、s” underlined in the third paragraph refer to? A. We will lose much more than we can gain. B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests. C. People have a strong desire for resources. D. Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests. (2) 2009年四川卷Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from b

4、urning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help.62. The underline word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “ ”. A. the energy benefit B. the forest loss C. climate change D. burning ethanol (3) 2008年浙江卷First of all,

5、 jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet take a real pounding(重击) running down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about. Jogging

6、 doesnt kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me.57. The underlined word “them” most probably refers to_. A. heart attacks B. back problems C. famous joggers D. physical weaknesses (4) 2008年陕西卷Photographs are everywhere

7、. They decorate the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods. The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events. Photos record the beauties of nature. They can also bring things close that are far away. Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities

8、 in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space. Photos also tell stories.46. The underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refers to .A. beauties B. photos C. goods D. events推断单词的语境意义这类考题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测。提问的方式主要有：(1)What does the underlined word “” in the first paragraph mean?(2)Which of

9、 the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word？(3)The underlined word “”most probably means_.(4)The underlined word “” could best be replaced by _.(5)According to the passage, the underlined word “” is closest in meaning to“_”.解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词部分的上下文来推测其意思。另外，有以下几个小技巧：(1)根据接近或递进关系：

10、由and或or等来确定生词的义域，推知它的大致意义。(2)根据选择或相对关系：对比or (要么，或者)前面和后面的句子或词语，来猜测生词的含义。(3)根据同位或解释关系：通过生词后的定语、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等解释说明来推测其意思。(4)根据转折或对比关系：由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义。表示转折的词有but, however, otherwise, though等，表示对比关系的标志性词语有unlike, while, on the other hand, in spite of, in contrast等；另外，有时分号也可以表示转折、对比关系。(5)根据因果关系：根据

11、前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。既可由因推果；也可由果推因。表示因果关系的有because, so that, so/suchthat等。(6)根据列举的实例：根据such as, for example等后列举的实例推测出前面某个词语的意思。注意：考题中若是需要推测意思的是熟词，我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思，那些常规含义的选项一般不会是要选择的正确答案。阅读下列段落节选, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中, 选出最佳选项。并思考你在选择过程中运用了什么方法。(1) 2008江苏卷 So the main issue in using your time wel

12、l is, “Whos in charge?” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally. 56. The underlined word “ally” in Para.3 most likely means somebody or something that is _. A. your slave and serves youB. your supporter and helps you C. under your contr

13、ol and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you (2) 2009年四川卷July 21st , 2007 was a typical English summers day it rained for 24 hours! As usual, I rushed home from work at midday to check on the house. Nothing was amiss. By the time I left work at 5 pm, however, the road into our village wa

14、s flooded. Our house had never been flooded but, as I opened the front door, a wave of water greeted me. Thank God the kids werent with me, because the house was 5 feet deep in water. We lost everything downstairs. 46. What does the underlined word “amiss” in the first paragraph mean? A. Wrong. B. M

15、issing. C. Right. D. Found (3) 2008年辽宁卷A two-bedroom flat in Moscow now costs $4,000 a month; a CD $24.83, and an international newspaper $6.30, according to Mercer. By comparison, a fast food meal with a hamburger is a steal at $4.80.76. What do the underlined words “a steal” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.

16、 an act of stealing B. something deliciousC. something very cheap D. an act of buying(4) 2008年辽宁卷Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules（分子）held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprot

17、ein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.74. What does “glycol” in underlined word “glycoprotein” in the this paragraph mean?A. sugar B. ice C. blood D. molecule (5) 2009年山东卷 Theyve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especiall

18、y teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up

19、the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.68. The underlined word “deter” in Paragraph 3 most probably means .A. discourage B. remove C. benefit D. free (6) 2008年天津卷We sometimes told ourselves that what we were doing in the woods was ex

20、ploring. Often we got “lost” and had to climb a tree to find out where we were. If you read a story in which someone does that successfully, be skeptical: the topmost branches are usually too skinny to hold weight, and we could never climb high enough to see anything except other trees.58. The under

21、lined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.A. calm B. doubtful C. serious D. optimistic推断短语或句子的意思推断短语和句子的意思，跟推断单词的意思一样，可以根据前后的因果关系、对比关系、转折关系、递进关系等逻辑关系来判断，但更重要的是要善于根据上下文的内容，结合语境理解某个短语的具体含义或某个句子的深层含义。注意：字面意义往往不是要选的答案，考查的往往是隐含意义。阅读下列短文或段落, 从每题所给的四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。(1) 2009年天津卷Societies

22、 all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the peo

23、ple and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits die hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.37. What does the underlined phrase “die hard” probably mean?A. Change suddenly. B. Change significantly.C. Disappear mysteriously. D

24、. Disappear very slowly. (2) 2009年全国I卷When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest, its hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings. “Laws allowing these animals to be bro

25、ught in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing,” says Peter Schantz. Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases. 68. What does the phrase “the wake-up call” in Paragraph 3 most

26、probably mean?A. a new disease B. a clear warning C. a dangerous animal D. a morning call (3) 2009年陕西卷Not all of Moms advice passed the test of medical studies. For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no

27、danger in doing so. Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs dont hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated (积累) from thousands of years of experience in family health care. 53. The phrase “hol

28、d water” in the last paragraph most probably means”_”.A. to be believable B. to be valuable C. to be admirable D. to be suitable (4) 2009年天津卷I am a writer. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of languagethe way it can evoke(唤起) an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a si

29、mple truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them allall the Englishes I grew up with.41. By saying “Language is the tool of my trade”, the author means that _.A. she uses English in foreign trade B. she is fascinated by languagesC. she works as a translator D. she is a writer by professi

30、on (5) 2009年北京卷So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a very limited number of studies, so were almost looking at the problem through a straw (吸管),” architect David Allison says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them?

31、 Thats what were all struggling with.”66. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that _.A. the problem is not approached step by step B. the researches so far have faults in themselves C. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect D. research in this area is not eno

32、ugh to make generalized patterns巧解语意转换题这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的理解。主要针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问，可能只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节。这类题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接地找到，但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思，即语意转换。解题时注意以下两点：(1)用题干或选项中的关键词在文中搜索(寻读)找到题眼，迅速锁定相关词句或信息点，这是解题的依据所在。(2)如果题干中含有否定意义的词语，如有not, except, least等，要特别留心。 (2)2008年广东卷Sometimes youll hear people sa