学年复旦附中高三上一次月考.docx
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学年复旦附中高三上一次月考
2019-2020学年复旦附中高三上一次月考
Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabulary
SectionA
Directions:
Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
Somepeoplesitoutsideforhourswithoutgettingbittenbymosquitoes,butitalwaysseemslikeyou(21)________(bite)alivewithinminutesofsteppingoutdoors.
(22)________thisisyou,you’renotalone.AccordingtoSmithsonianMagazine,around20percentofpeopleintheworldareespeciallytastytomosquitoes.Whataboutthesepeoplemakingmosquitoes’mouthswater?
Apopularmythclaimsthatmosquitoesprefercertainbloodtypes,butthefactisthattheysimplycan’ttellwhatyourbloodtypeisfromafarawayplace.JonathonDay,aprofessorofmedicalentomology(昆虫学)attheUniversityofFloridaintheUS,toldNBCit’snotcomplicated.“Thetwomostimportantreasonsamosquito(23)________(attract)toyouhavetodowithsightandsmell.”
Mosquitoesareespeciallyactiveinthelateafternoon.Whileflyingalong,theyusetheirsenseofsmelltofindpossibletargets.Theyfindvictimsbysmellingthecarbondioxide(CO2)breathedoutmyhumansandanimals.That’s(24)________youcommonlyfindthemincrowdedstreetsandparks.
JoopvanLoon,anentomologistatWageningenUniversityintheNetherlands,toldLiveScience,“Mosquitoesstartorienting(25)________tocarbondioxideandkeepflyingupwind(26)________theysensehigherconcentrations.”
Asaresult,peoplewhosimplyexhalemoreofthegasovertime-generally,largerpeople-(27)________(show)toattractmoremosquitoesthanothers.“Thisiswhykidsdon’tgetbittenasmuch...asadults,”USprofessorTedRosentoldScienceAlert.
ThisloveforCO2canalsoputpregnantwomenat(28)________(increase)riskformosquitobites,astheytendtoexhale21percentmoreCO2thanpeopleofthesameageandsizewhoaren’tpregnant.
Inadditiontocarbondioxide,thecoloroftheclothesyouwearalsoplaysaroleinattractingmosquitoes.
AccordingtoLiveScience,mosquitoescanlock(29)________targetsfromupto50metersaway.Atthisdistance,whatwewearhashugeeffect.Duetotheirvision,peoplewearingdarkcolorsaremorelikelytobecometargets.
(30)________(sting)bymosquitoesisannoying,butdon’tworry.Somesimpletipscanhelpwardthemoff.Scientistsrecommendthatweuseinsectrepellentandwearlight-coloredclothing.
SectionB
Directions:
Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.
A.fraudB.rallyC.dominantD.expandingE.entireF.discovered
G.rivalH.revealedI.defyJ.particularlyK.alternative
TheU.S.dollarwassupposedtobeattheendofitsrope.Kickingthebucket.Adyingsymbolofadyingempire.Well,maybenot.Thedollarcontinuesto__31__gloom-and-doompredictions.Afteraswoonlastyear,thedollarisagainenjoyingamajor___32___.TheU.S.dollarindex,whichmeasuresthedollar’svalueagainstothermajorcurrencies,isjustoffaneight-monthhigh.
Themainreasonbehindthedollar’srecoveryisactuallynorealsurpriseatall.Thereisno___33___abletoreplacethedollarastheworld’sNo.1currency.Whatmakescurrenciessofascinatingisthattheirperceivedvalueisalwaysrelativetoothercurrencies.Sure,theU.S.budgetdeficit(赤字)is___34___,thegovernment’sdebtisincreasing,andWallStreetisstillrepairingitself.Butthedollarremainstheprettiestofaflickofuglyducklings.Isanyothermajorindustrializedeconomy___35___betteroffthantheU.S.?
Notreally.Justaboutthe___36___developedworldissufferingwiththesameproblems.That’swhywheninvestorsgetnervous,theystillrushtothegoodolddollar.Thedollarwinsbecausenooneelseisreallyinthegame.
Theeurohasbeenexposedasa___37___.Onlyafewmonthago,economiststrylybelievedtheeurocould___38___thedollarasthetopreservecurrency.Nowexpertsarequestioningiftheeurohasafutureatall.TheGreekdebtcrisishas___39___thattheeuroisonlyasstrongasitsweakestlink.
Maybeoverthenext20or30years,thedollarwillslowlylosethe___40___statusitholdstoday.Thatprocess,however,couldwellbedrivenbytheappearanceofnewrivals.
Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension
SectionA
Directions:
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Cultureinfluencesanindividual’shealthbeliefs,behaviors,activitiesandmedicaltreatmentoutcomes.___41____thesignificantinfluenceofcultureuponhealthandrelatedoutcomes,healthcare___42___shouldbeculturallycompetentinordertoprovide___43___healthcaretopatients.Culturalcompetencymeansconsideringmanyoptionsandbeingmorecarefulaboutmakingjudgments.Forexample,scarsandbruisesthatsuggestabuseinwesternculturecould___44____besymbolsofacceptedhealingmethodsorsacredrituals.____45___,differentpartsofthebodyareconsideredsacredindifferentcultures.
Culturecompetencyinhealth-care___46___fourmajorchallengesforproviders.Thefirstisthestraightforwardchallengeofrecognizingclinical___47___amongpeopleofdifferentethnicandracialgroups,e.g.,higher__48__ofhypertensioninAfricanAmericansandofdiabetesincertainNativeAmericangroups.
Thesecond,andfarmorecomplicated,challengeis___49___.Thisdealswitheverythingfromtheneedforinterpreterstonuancesofwordsinvariouslanguages.Manypatients,eveninwesterncultures,are__50__totalkwiththeirdoctorsaboutsuchpersonalmattersassexualactivityorchemicaluse.Howdoweovercomethis__51__amongmorerestrictedcultures?
Thethirdchallengeisethics.____52___westernmedicineisamongthebestintheworld,wedonothaveallthe___53___.Respectforthebeliefsystemsofothersandtheeffectsofthosebeliefsonwell-beingarecriticallyimportanttocompetentcare.
Thefinalchallengeinvolves___54__.Forsomepatients,authorityfiguresareimmediatelymistrusted,sometimesforgoodreason.Havingseenorbeenvictimsofatrocities(暴行)atthehandsofauthoritiesintheirhomelands,manypeopleareas___55____ofcaregiversthemselvesastheyareofthecare.
41.A.BecauseofB.RegardlessofC.ThankstoD.Inregardto
42.A.professorsB.signalsC.professionalsD.assistants.
43.A.optimumB.oppositeC.optimisticD.optional
44.A.trulyB.surelyC.actuallyD.really
45.A.InfactB.InadditionC.IngeneralD.Intheory
46.A.providesB.reducesC.contendsD.holds
47.A.similaritiesB.differencesC.traditionsD.experiences
48.A.dangerB.threatC.riskD.problem
49.A.contactB.communicationC.comprehensionD.translation
50.readyB.hardC.reluctantD.impossible
51.A.challengeB.faultC.resultD.phenomenon
52.A.WhenB.WhileC.AsD.Unless
53.A.diagnosesB.medicinesC.reputationD.trust
54.A.loyaltyB.honorC.reputationD.trust
55.A.consciousB.carefulC.worriedD.wary
SectionB
Directions:
Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
(A)
Plastic-EatingWorms
Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.
ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene(聚乙烯),whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waswormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass-apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.
FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax-alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbon,isthereaswell,”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”
JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess--notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”
56.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?
A.Theytakeplasticsadstheireverydayfood.
B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.
C.Theycanconsumeplastics.
D