学年复旦附中高三上一次月考.docx

学年复旦附中高三上一次月考.docx

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学年复旦附中高三上一次月考

2019-2020学年复旦附中高三上一次月考

Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:

Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Somepeoplesitoutsideforhourswithoutgettingbittenbymosquitoes,butitalwaysseemslikeyou（21）________（bite）alivewithinminutesofsteppingoutdoors.

（22）________thisisyou,you’renotalone.AccordingtoSmithsonianMagazine,around20percentofpeopleintheworldareespeciallytastytomosquitoes.Whataboutthesepeoplemakingmosquitoes’mouthswater?

Apopularmythclaimsthatmosquitoesprefercertainbloodtypes,butthefactisthattheysimplycan’ttellwhatyourbloodtypeisfromafarawayplace.JonathonDay,aprofessorofmedicalentomology（昆虫学）attheUniversityofFloridaintheUS,toldNBCit’snotcomplicated.“Thetwomostimportantreasonsamosquito（23）________（attract）toyouhavetodowithsightandsmell.”

Mosquitoesareespeciallyactiveinthelateafternoon.Whileflyingalong,theyusetheirsenseofsmelltofindpossibletargets.Theyfindvictimsbysmellingthecarbondioxide（CO2）breathedoutmyhumansandanimals.That’s（24）________youcommonlyfindthemincrowdedstreetsandparks.

JoopvanLoon,anentomologistatWageningenUniversityintheNetherlands,toldLiveScience,“Mosquitoesstartorienting（25）________tocarbondioxideandkeepflyingupwind（26）________theysensehigherconcentrations.”

Asaresult,peoplewhosimplyexhalemoreofthegasovertime-generally,largerpeople-（27）________（show）toattractmoremosquitoesthanothers.“Thisiswhykidsdon’tgetbittenasmuch...asadults,”USprofessorTedRosentoldScienceAlert.

ThisloveforCO2canalsoputpregnantwomenat（28）________（increase）riskformosquitobites,astheytendtoexhale21percentmoreCO2thanpeopleofthesameageandsizewhoaren’tpregnant.

Inadditiontocarbondioxide,thecoloroftheclothesyouwearalsoplaysaroleinattractingmosquitoes.

AccordingtoLiveScience,mosquitoescanlock（29）________targetsfromupto50metersaway.Atthisdistance,whatwewearhashugeeffect.Duetotheirvision,peoplewearingdarkcolorsaremorelikelytobecometargets.

（30）________（sting）bymosquitoesisannoying,butdon’tworry.Somesimpletipscanhelpwardthemoff.Scientistsrecommendthatweuseinsectrepellentandwearlight-coloredclothing.

SectionB

Directions:

Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.

A.fraudB.rallyC.dominantD.expandingE.entireF.discovered

G.rivalH.revealedI.defyJ.particularlyK.alternative

TheU.S.dollarwassupposedtobeattheendofitsrope.Kickingthebucket.Adyingsymbolofadyingempire.Well,maybenot.Thedollarcontinuesto__31__gloom-and-doompredictions.Afteraswoonlastyear,thedollarisagainenjoyingamajor___32___.TheU.S.dollarindex,whichmeasuresthedollar’svalueagainstothermajorcurrencies,isjustoffaneight-monthhigh.

Themainreasonbehindthedollar’srecoveryisactuallynorealsurpriseatall.Thereisno___33___abletoreplacethedollarastheworld’sNo.1currency.Whatmakescurrenciessofascinatingisthattheirperceivedvalueisalwaysrelativetoothercurrencies.Sure,theU.S.budgetdeficit（赤字）is___34___,thegovernment’sdebtisincreasing,andWallStreetisstillrepairingitself.Butthedollarremainstheprettiestofaflickofuglyducklings.Isanyothermajorindustrializedeconomy___35___betteroffthantheU.S.?

Notreally.Justaboutthe___36___developedworldissufferingwiththesameproblems.That’swhywheninvestorsgetnervous,theystillrushtothegoodolddollar.Thedollarwinsbecausenooneelseisreallyinthegame.

Theeurohasbeenexposedasa___37___.Onlyafewmonthago,economiststrylybelievedtheeurocould___38___thedollarasthetopreservecurrency.Nowexpertsarequestioningiftheeurohasafutureatall.TheGreekdebtcrisishas___39___thattheeuroisonlyasstrongasitsweakestlink.

Maybeoverthenext20or30years,thedollarwillslowlylosethe___40___statusitholdstoday.Thatprocess,however,couldwellbedrivenbytheappearanceofnewrivals.

Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Cultureinfluencesanindividual’shealthbeliefs,behaviors,activitiesandmedicaltreatmentoutcomes.___41____thesignificantinfluenceofcultureuponhealthandrelatedoutcomes,healthcare___42___shouldbeculturallycompetentinordertoprovide___43___healthcaretopatients.Culturalcompetencymeansconsideringmanyoptionsandbeingmorecarefulaboutmakingjudgments.Forexample,scarsandbruisesthatsuggestabuseinwesternculturecould___44____besymbolsofacceptedhealingmethodsorsacredrituals.____45___,differentpartsofthebodyareconsideredsacredindifferentcultures.

Culturecompetencyinhealth-care___46___fourmajorchallengesforproviders.Thefirstisthestraightforwardchallengeofrecognizingclinical___47___amongpeopleofdifferentethnicandracialgroups,e.g.,higher__48__ofhypertensioninAfricanAmericansandofdiabetesincertainNativeAmericangroups.

Thesecond,andfarmorecomplicated,challengeis___49___.Thisdealswitheverythingfromtheneedforinterpreterstonuancesofwordsinvariouslanguages.Manypatients,eveninwesterncultures,are__50__totalkwiththeirdoctorsaboutsuchpersonalmattersassexualactivityorchemicaluse.Howdoweovercomethis__51__amongmorerestrictedcultures?

Thethirdchallengeisethics.____52___westernmedicineisamongthebestintheworld,wedonothaveallthe___53___.Respectforthebeliefsystemsofothersandtheeffectsofthosebeliefsonwell-beingarecriticallyimportanttocompetentcare.

Thefinalchallengeinvolves___54__.Forsomepatients,authorityfiguresareimmediatelymistrusted,sometimesforgoodreason.Havingseenorbeenvictimsofatrocities（暴行）atthehandsofauthoritiesintheirhomelands,manypeopleareas___55____ofcaregiversthemselvesastheyareofthecare.

41.A.BecauseofB.RegardlessofC.ThankstoD.Inregardto

42.A.professorsB.signalsC.professionalsD.assistants.

43.A.optimumB.oppositeC.optimisticD.optional

44.A.trulyB.surelyC.actuallyD.really

45.A.InfactB.InadditionC.IngeneralD.Intheory

46.A.providesB.reducesC.contendsD.holds

47.A.similaritiesB.differencesC.traditionsD.experiences

48.A.dangerB.threatC.riskD.problem

49.A.contactB.communicationC.comprehensionD.translation

50.readyB.hardC.reluctantD.impossible

51.A.challengeB.faultC.resultD.phenomenon

52.A.WhenB.WhileC.AsD.Unless

53.A.diagnosesB.medicinesC.reputationD.trust

54.A.loyaltyB.honorC.reputationD.trust

55.A.consciousB.carefulC.worriedD.wary

SectionB

Directions:

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

Plastic-EatingWorms

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋场）,andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.

ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene（聚乙烯）,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waswormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊状物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass-apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.

FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax-alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbon,isthereaswell,”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”

JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（肠道微生物）?

Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess--notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”

56.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?

A.Theytakeplasticsadstheireverydayfood.

B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.

C.Theycanconsumeplastics.

D