最新 高考英语 阅读理解练习题 2.docx
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最新高考英语阅读理解练习题2
2020-2021最新高考英语阅读理解练习题
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
AsthePresidentofArielInvestments,Iamoftenaskedhowtocultivate（培养）greenhandstobequalifiedforanewjobwithinashorttime.MymemoriestakemestraightbacktothedayswhenIworkedforJohnW.Rogers.
Whileincollege,Iworkedasanintern（实习生）atArielInvestments.Astheyoungestgirlofsixkidsfromasinglemom,Ihadverylittleknowledgeofthebusinessworld.WhenIgraduated,Idecidedtoreturntothecompanytoimprovemyself.
Attheageof22,myperspectivewasgreatlyinfluencedbylunchingwiththecompany'sfounderandthen-president,JohnW.Rogers.HetoldmethatIwouldoftenfindmyselfinthecompanyofrichandsuccessfulpeoplewithbigtitles,lotsofdegreesandlotsofexperience.Andyet,myideascouldstillbeasgoodorevenbetter,hesaid.Thisearlyadvicebecametheguidingforcethathashelpedmethroughoutmyentirecareer.WhenIwasstartingout,Ithoughtmyinexperiencewasholdingmeback,butJohnsaidthatitwasagoodthing.Hetoldmethatbeinginexperiencedmeansthatyouhaveafreshpointofview.
Asmytutor,Johnencouragedmetobebrave.Asmyboss,hetooksomegiantleapsoffaithtosupportme.Becauseofourfirstlunchandtheyearsofsupportthatfollowed,Ineverthoughttwiceaboutspeakingup,raisingmyhandortakingaseatatthetable.Stayinginthebackgroundwasneverachoice.ButJohn'sadvicecamewithoneimportantwarning.Ineededtokeepmyattitudeincheck.It'sonethingtobefirmbutquiteanothertoberude.Similarly,thereisafinelinebetweenconfidenceandoverconfidence.Withthatinmind,IhavehadtolearntobalancethewayIactaroundothers.Assomeoneoncetoldme,"thegoalistobenon-threatenedandnon-threateningatthesametime."
（1）Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthetext?
A.ShewenttoArielInvestmentsaftergraduationforpractice.
B.Shemadehervoiceheardwithencouragementfromherboss.
C.Hermiserablechildhoodhadanegativeeffectonherwork.
D.Herperformanceduringinternshipwashighlypraisedinpublic.
（2）DuetoJohnW.Rogers'advice,theauthor_______.
A.learnedtostrikeabalancebetweenworkandlife
B.contributedherideasonlyafterlisteningtoothers'
C.nolongerfeltlostandbecameawareofherownvalue
D.switchedtoadifferentcompanytodisplayhertalent
（3）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.KeepYourAttitudeunderControl.
B.EncourageYourEmployeestoGrow.
C.LetYourSuccessBeYourNoise.
D.LiveaLifewithaHighGoal.
（4）Whowouldprobablybenefitmostfromthisarticle?
A.Companybosses.
B.Thosenewtoajob.
C.Businessconsultants.
D.Experiencedteammates.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作为实习生，作者在实习期间受到公司的创始人、董事长JohnW.Rogers深深地影响，JohnW.Rogers鼓励作者要敢于思考、发表自己的想法，也鼓励作者要勇敢，因为JohnW.Rogers，作者也学习到"要有锋芒却不伤人"。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的"Attheageof22,myperspectivewasgreatlyinfluencedbylunchingwiththecompany'sfounderandthen-president,JohnW.Rogers."作者22岁时的想法被JohnW.Rogers极大地影响，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的"myideascouldstillbeasgoodorevenbetter,hesaid.Thisearlyadvicebecametheguidingforcethathashelpedmethroughoutmyentirecareer."JohnW.Rogers说作者的想法可以很好甚至可以更好，这些建议对于作者整个职业生涯造成了非常大的影响，这些影响使得作者不再感到迷茫，同时也开始意识到自己的价值。
故选C。
（3）考查主旨大意。
根据最后一段中的"‘Withthatinmind,IhavehadtolearntobalancethewayIactaroundothers.Assomeoneoncetoldme,’thegoalistobenon-threatenedandnon-threateningatthesametime."可知，作者通过自己的经历告诉读者，要平衡自信与自负之间的关系，而且曾经有人告诉作者"要有锋芒，但也不要伤人"，即能控制自己的态度，总结概括了文章的主旨。
故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。
第一段提到作者非常擅长培养新手，同时作者也回忆了自己在做实习生时的上司对作者的指导，这些对于刚入职场的人而言都是非常好的工作经验，因此这篇文章特别适合职场新手。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
EngineersinUpstateNewYorkhaveinventedafoldedpaperdevicethatlookslikeadecoratedartproject.Butdon'tbefooled.Thisisactuallyapaper-basedbattery.No,itdoesn'tlooklikeanyofthosemetalbatteriesrunningflashlightsorsmartphones.Inthesesystems,thebatterycanbeprintedonapage.Thebattery'spowerconsistsoflivingbacteria.
Paperelectronicsaresimpletomakeandinexpensive,notesstudyleaderSeokheunChoi,anengineeratBinghamtonUniversity.Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater.
"Mostbatteriesusechemicalstogenerateelectricity.Substitutingbacteriacanbeanadvantage,"Choisays."Theyarecheapandself-repairing."Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces—suchasabattlefield.Theymightalsofinduseinmedicine.Forinstance,theymightpowertinysensors,suchasthetypesusedtomeasurebloodsugar.
Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood.Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells.Afuelcellgenerateselectricitylikearegularbattery.Butaregularbatterystopsproducingelectricitywhenitsinnerchemicalreactionsstop.Afuelcellusesfuelthatcanberefilled.Inthiscase,bacteriaserveasthefuel.Byrefillingmoremicrobes,asneeded,scientistscankeepthesefuelcellsrunning.
Labtestshaveshownthatthenewbatterycanproduceacurrent.Now,Choiandhisteamarelookingatwaystoincreasethepower.They'restudyingdifferentshapesandmaterialsfortheanodeandcathode（正负极）.They'realsolookingforthebestwaystocombinebatteriesformorepower.Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem.Andtheysurelywillbeatrendinthenearfuture.
（1）Whatmakesthepaper-basedbatteriesdifferentfromotherbatteries?
A. Theyaremainlyusedtorunsmartphones.
B. Theyusebacteriatogenerateelectricity.
C. Theyareusedtodecoratesmalldevices.
D. Theytakeamuchshortertimetorecharge.
（2）Whatcanthepaper-basedbatteriesdo?
A. Powertinydevices.
B. Lowerbloodsugarlevels.
C. Producemuchelectricity.
D. Changechemicalsinthepaper.
（3）Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?
A. Theapplicationofthenewbattery. B. Thecharacteristicsofthepaperbatteries.
C. Theintentiontoinventthedevice. D. Theworkingprincipleoftheinvention.
（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofthepaper-basedbatteries?
A.Defensive.
B.Optimistic.
C.Doubtful.
D.Ambiguous.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。
研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。
该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater."这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的，只需要细菌就可以充电了，这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。
故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的"Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces"纸基电池不会储存很多的电量，但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方，A项符合题意，故选A。
（3）考查主旨大意。
根据第四段中的"Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood"，这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察，即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。
因此，科学家们"Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells"根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。
由此可知，第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理，故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem"该电池的优点是，人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。
作者用到beauty"优点"一词来说明该设备，说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．（2019•全国Ⅲ）阅读理解
Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.
Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"-atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.
Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible（butnoteasy）tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny-usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged-andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.
Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures（企业）wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.
（1）WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?
A. Academic.
B. Unattractive.
C. Inexpensive.
D. Confidential.
（2）Whatdidstreetsale
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