浙江高考英语真题和解析.docx

浙江高考英语真题和解析.docx

《浙江高考英语真题和解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《浙江高考英语真题和解析.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

浙江高考英语真题和解析

2021年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江）

英语

选择题部分

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

Morethan25yearsago,SarooBrierleylivedinrural（农村）India.Oneday,heplayedwithhisbrotheralongtheraillineandfellasleep.Whenhewokeupandfoundhimselfalone,the4-year-olddecidedhisbrothermightbeonthetrainhesawinfrontofhim—sohegoton.

Thattraintookhimathousandmilesacrossthecountrytoatotallystrangecity.Helivedonthestreets,andtheninanorphanage（孤儿院）.There,hewasadoptedbyanAustralianfamilyandflowntoTasmania.

Ashewritesinhisnewbook,ALongWayHome,Brierleycouldn’thelpbutwonderabouthishometownbackinIndia.Herememberedlandmarks,butsincehedidn’tknowhistown’sname,findingasmallneighborhoodinavastcountryprovedtobeimpossible.

Thenhefoundadigitalmappingprogram.Hespentyearssearchingforhishometownintheprogram’ssatellitepictures.In2011,hecameacrosssomethingfamiliar.Hestudieditandrealizedhewaslookingatatown’scentralbusinessdistrictfromabird’s-eyeview.Hethought,“Ontheright-handsideyoushouldseethethree-platformtrainstation”—andthereitwas.“Andontheleft-handsideyoushouldseeabigfountain”—andthereitwas.Everythingjuststartedtomatch.

Whenhestoodinfrontofthehousewherehegrewupasachild,hesawaladystandingintheentrance.“There’ssomethingaboutme,”hethought—andittookhimafewsecondsbuthefinallyrememberedwhatsheusedtolooklike.

InaninterviewBrierleysays,“MymotherlookedsomuchshorterthanIremembered.Butshecameforthandwalkedforward,andIwalkedforward,andmyfeelingsandtearsandthechemicalinmybrain,youknow,itwaslikeanuclearfusion（核聚变）.Ijustdidn’tknowwhattosay,becauseIneverthoughtseeingmymotherwouldevercometrue.AndhereIam,standinginfrontofher.”

21.WhywasBrierleyseparatedfromhisfamilyabout25yearsago?

A.Hegotonatrainbymistake.B.Hegotlostwhileplayinginthestreet.

C.Hewastakenawaybyaforeigner.D.HewasadoptedbyanAustralianfamily.

22.HowdidBrierleyfindhishometown?

A.Byanalyzingoldpictures.B.BytravellingallaroundIndia.

C.Bystudyingdigitalmaps.D.Byspreadinghisstoryviahisbook.

23.WhatdoesBrierleymainlytalkaboutintheinterview?

A.Hisloveforhismother.B.Hisreunionwithhismother.

C.Hislongwaybackhome.D.Hismemoryofhishometown.

B

Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginoneprediction:

thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.

Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,whilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.

Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,manywithbothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.

Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:

forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslostopportunities（机会）forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentstherearelostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.

Mostparentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onlytomeetwitha“good”,quicklyfollowedby“I’mhungry”.Thisisalsomyexperienceasamother.Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson’sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.

Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschool-busroutes（路线）,withdaysofregular,parent-accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweekisbetterthannothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandtakesalittleplanning—runningshoesbythefrontdoor,lunchesmadethenightbefore,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones—butit’scertainlyworthtrying.

24.WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins’predictionsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Tomakecomparisons.B.Tointroducethetopic.

C.Tosupportherargument.D.Toprovideexamples.

25.WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren’sphysicalactivity?

A.Plainlaziness.B.Healthproblems.

C.Lackoftime.D.Securityconcerns.

26.Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?

A.Shecangetrelaxedafterwork.B.Shecankeepphysicallyfit.

C.Shecanhelpwithherson’sstudy.D.Shecanknowhersonbetter.

C

Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees（黑猩猩）usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha“vocabulary”of66gestures.ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.

DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.

“That’swhat’ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,”shesaid.“They’retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.”

Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanotheranimal’scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.

Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signalling:

“Climbonme.”Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmother’sbackandtheytravelofftogether.“Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies（物种）outtherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat’snotuniquetohumans,”saidDrHobaiter.

DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere“alittledisappointing”.

“Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,”shesaid.“Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains.”

27.WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?

A.Memorizingspecificwords.B.Understandingcomplexinformation.

C.Usingvoicestocommunicate.D.Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.

28.WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?

A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.

B.Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.

C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.

D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gulf”inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Difference.B.Conflict.C.Balance.D.Connection.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Chimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthrough

B.Chimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunicationskills

C.Chimpanzees:

thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdom

D.Chimpanzeelanguage:

communicationgesturestranslated

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Yourunintothegrocerystoretopickuponebottleofwater.Yougetwhatyouneed,headtothefront,andchoosethelinethatlooksfastest.

Youchosewrong.Peoplewhoyousweargotinotherlineslongafteryouarealreadycheckedoutandofftotheparkinglot.31

Itturnsout,it’sjustmathworkingagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.

Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.32Anysmallinterruption—apricecheck,achattycustomer—canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.

Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkabouttheprobability:

33Soit’snotjustinyourmind:

Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.

Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong,snakingline—calledaserpentineline—andserveeachpersonatthefrontwiththenextavailableregister.34Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline,alongdelayatoneregisterwon’tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.

35Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly,andsomestorescan’taffordthespaceormanpower.Sowhereveryournextwaitmaybe:

Goodluck.

A.Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?

B.Sowhydon’tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?

C.Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.

D.Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.

E.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?

F.Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.

G.Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

LastyearId