语言学教程 复习题.docx

语言学教程 复习题.docx

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语言学教程复习题

PartOnePleasereadthefollowingsentencesandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.（25%）

1.Semanticsisthestudyof____.

A.linguisticcompetenceB.languagefunctions

C.meaningsD.socialbehavior

2．Whichofthefollowingisnotgenerallybelievedtobeareaoflinguistics?

A.syntaxB.semanticsC.phonologyD.etiology

3．Therearemorphemesintheword“boyish”.

A．oneB．twoC．threeD．four

4．Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“man”canbeexpressedas.

A．+animate,+human,+male,-adult

B．+animate,+human,-male,-adult

C．+animate,+human.+male,+adult

D．+animate,+human,-male,+adult

5．Themaximof______requiresthataparticipant'scontributionberelevanttothe   conversation.

A.quantityB.qualityC.mannerD.relation

6．Thewordssuchas“editor”,“hawker”are.

A．formedbyblendingB．acronyms

C．coinedbybackformationD．Clippedwords

7．TheSwisslinguistlaidthefoundationoflinguisticsinthe20thcentury,andthuswasdescribedas“FatherofModernLinguistics”.

A．L.BloomfieldB．F.D.Saussure

C．N.ChomskyD．M.A.K.Halliday

8.isNOTadistinctivefeatureofhumanlanguage.

A．ArbitrarinessB．Productivity

C．CulturaltransmissionD．Displacement

9.TGgrammarwasadvancedby____.

A.SearleB.WhorfC.HallidayD.NoamChomsky

10．WhoputforwardthedistinctionbetweenLangueandParole?

A.SaussureB.ChomskyC.HallidayD.Anonymous

11．Thestudyofstatic,orso-called“literal”,meaningoflanguagefallsintothescopeof,amajorbranchoflinguistics.

A．PragmaticsB．SemanticsC．SyntaxD．Morphology

12．firstputforwardthespeechacttheory.

A．J.SearleB．J.AustinC．N.ChomskyD．M.A.KHalliday

13．The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is _____ 

A. morphology  B. general linguistics  C. phonology  D. semantics 

14．ThefamousCooperativePrinciplewasfirstputforwardby.

A．J.AustinB．G.LeechC．H.P.GriceD．S.Levinson

15．Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunityandreferstotheactualizedlanguage.

A．speechB．languageC．paroleD．language

16．Normally,asyllableconsistsofthreeparts,thatis,the,the,andthe.

A．onset,peak,codaB．peak,coda,onset

C．peak,onset,codaD．coda,peak,onset

17．Accordingtomorphology,“-ful”intheword“colorful”iscalleda（n）morpheme,while“-es”in“apologies”iscalleda（n）morpheme.

A．derivational,freeB．inflectional,bound

C．inflectional,freeD．derivational,inflectional

18．Insemantics,therelationshipbetween“buy”and“sell”areopposites,and“single”and“married”arecalledantonyms.

A．relational,complementaryB．gradable,relational

C．relational,gradableD．complementary,relational

19．isthestudyoftherulesgoverningthewayswords,wordgroupsandphrasesarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage.

A．SemanticsB．PragmaticsC．SyntaxD．Morphology

20.Whichofthefollowingwordclassesareopenclasses?

A.conjunctionB.determinerC.articleD.verb

21.“Concord”hasthesamemeaningas_____.

A.perfectiveB.progressiveC.agreementD.government

22.Synonymyisthetechnicaltermforthe_____relation.

A.oppositenessB.complementary

C.gradableD.sameness

23. Whichofthefollowingarecorrectreadingsof“CAUSE（x,（BECOME（y,（~ALIVE（y）））））”?

A.xcausesytobecomenotalive.

B.xcausesytobecomealive.

C.xcausesytobecomenotdead.

D.ycausesxtobecomedead.

24.Linguistsgiveprioritytothespokenlanguagenotthewrittenlanguagebecause.

A.vocalsoundsarederivedfromwritingsystems

B.speechprecedeswritingeverywhereintheworld

C.wehaverecordingdevicestostudyspeech

D.spokenlanguageprecedeswrittenlanguageonlyinIndo-Europeanlanguages.

25.Thestudyoflanguagedevelopmentoveraperiodoftimeisgenerallytermedaslinguistics.

A.appliedB.diachronicC.comparativeD.synchronic

PartTwoReadeachinthefollowingstatementsandjudgewhetheritistrueorfalse.Write“T”fortrue,“F”forfalseonyouranswersheet.（10%）

26.Forsoundstobeallophonesofthesamephonemetheymustbecomplementarilydistributedandmusthavephoneticsimilarity.

27.Aclosedsyllableisonewithoutacoda.

28.Everywordhasasensejustaseverywordhasareference.

29.Conversationalimplicativeisakindofimpliedmeaning,deducedonthebasisoftheconventionalmeaningofwordstogetherwiththecontext,undertheguidanceoftheCPanditsmaxims.

30.Thefirstmeaningforawordthatadictionarydefinitiongivesisusuallyitsfigurativemeaning.

31.Similesandmetaphorsaredifferentinthatametaphormakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements.

32.“Shit,you’veputthepeanutbutterintherefrigeratoragain.”Thisismostlylikelytobesaidbyawoman.

33．Therelationbetween“vehicle”and“car”iscalledhyponymy.

34．Theconsonant[s]inEnglishcanbedescribedas:

voicedalveolarfricative.

35．Inflectionisthemanifestationofgrammaticalrelationshipsthroughtheadditionofinflectionaffixes,whichdochangethegrammaticalclassofthestem.

PartThreePleasedefinethefollowingtermsbriefly（20%）

36．theSapir-WhorfHypothesis

37．ConversationalImplicature

38．ICanalysis

39．theLondonSchool

PartFourAnswerthefollowingquestions:

（15%）

40.Howtounderstandtheterm“affix”?

Giveexamplesforitsdifferentsubtypes.

41.Whatissynonymy?

Whatisantonymy?

Giveexamples.

42.Whatissyllable?

Useanexampletoillustrateitscomponents.

PartFive．Essaywriting.（30%）

B：

Directions：

Chooseanyonefromthegiventopicsanddevelopitintoanessayinnotlessthan200words.（30%）

ThePragueschoolTGGrammarAmericanStructuralism

LinguisticsofMyView

PartOne．

此部分共25题，一题1分，合计25分。

主要考察学生语言学基本知识的掌握程度。

1-5ADBCD6-10CBCDA11-15BBCCC

16-20ADACD21-25CDABB

PartTwo．

此部分共10题，一题1分，合计10分。

主要考察学生运用语言学基本知识进行分析判断的能力。

26-30TFFTT31-35FTTFF

Partthree．

此部分共4题，一题5分，合计20分。

主要考察学生语言学术语及基本理论的掌握程度。

评分标准：

1）每题5分。

2）拼写错误、语法错误、用词错误、语法错误每处扣1分。

因拼写错误、语法错误或用词错误造成与原文意思不符，每处扣2分。

3）内容比答案少按比例扣分，内容多于答案但没有概念性的错误不扣分。

内容多于答案但有概念性错误（如举例不当）酌情扣1－2分。

36.theSapir-WhorfHypothesis:

ahypothesisdevelopedbyBenjaminLeeWhorfonhisandEdwardSapir’santhropologicalresearchandexperiencewithHopi,anAmericanIndianlanguage.Itsuggeststhat‘ourlanguagehelpsmouldourwayofthinkingand,consequently,differentlanguagesmayprobablyexpressspeakers’uniquewaysofunderstandingtheworld’.Followingthisargument,twoimportantpointscouldbecapturedinthistheory.Ontheonehand,languagemaydetermineourthinkingpatterns;ontheother,similaritybetweenlanguagesisrelative.Thegreatertheirstructuraldifferentiationis,themorediversetheirconceptualizationoftheworldwillbe.Forthisreason,thishypothesishasalternativelybeenreferredtoaslinguisticdeterminismandlinguisticrelativity—aviewwhich“wasfirstexpoundedbytheGermanethnologist,WilhelmvonHumboldt”.

37.ConversationalImplicature:

itwasproposedbyGrice,Grice’sawarethatspeakersdonotalwaysfollowCPanditsmaxims.Infact,theyoftenviolatethem.Whetherthespeakerfollowsorviolatesthesemaxims,heproducessomeimplicature–akindofextrameaningthatisnotcontainedintheutterance.Particularly,whenanyofthemaximsisblatantlyviolatedthatthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolated,thenconversationalimplicaturesarise.

38.ICanalysis,immediateconstituentanalysis,maybedefinedas:

theanalysisofasentenceintermsofitsimmediateconstituents---wordgroups（orphrases）,whichareinternanalyzedintotheimmediateconstituentsoftheirown,andtheprocessgoesonuntiltheultimateconstituentsarereached.

39.TheLondonSchoolgenerallyreferstothekindoflinguisticscholarshipinEngland.TherepresentativesareMalinowski,FirthandHalliday.Theallstressedtheimportanceofcontextofsituationandthesystemaspectoflanguage.Thus,LondonSchoolisalsoknownassystemiclinguisticsandfunctionallinguistics.

PartFour.

此部分共3题，一题5分，合计15分。

主要考察学生语言学术语及运用语言学基本原理分析诗歌的能力。

1）每题5分。

2）拼写错误、语法错误、用词错误、语法错误每处扣1分。

因拼写错误、语法错误或用词错误造成与原文意思不符，每处扣2分。

3）内容比答案少按采分点扣分，内容点多于答案但没有概念性的错误不扣分。

内容点多于答案但有概念性错误酌情扣分，举例不当每处扣2分，概念或阐述性错误每处扣5分。

40Anaffixisthecollectivetermofthetypeofformativethatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme（therootorstem）.

e.g.:

prefixpara-,mini-

suffix-ise,-tion

infixfoot/feet,goose/geese

41.synonymy:

isthetechnicalnameforthesamenessrelation.Suchas,buyandpurchase.

antonymyisthenameforoppositenessrelation.Suchashusbandandwife,buyandsell.

42.Thesyllableisanimportantunitinthestudyofphonology.InEnglish,awordmaybemonosyllabic（withonesyllable,likecatanddog）orpolysyllabic（withmorethanonesyllable,liketransplantorfestival）.Asyllableusuallyconsistsofanonset,anucleusorpeak,andacoda.Thenucleusandthecodaarecalledtherhyme.

O（nset）R（hyme）

N（ucleus）Co（da）

klaps

Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.Asyllablethathasnocodaiscalledanopensyllablewhileasyllablewithcodaisknownasclosedsyllable.

PartFive

A.具体得分要求如下：

分析方法见《语言学教程》第三版9.3，罗米欧和朱莉叶的这段对话采用的是十四行诗的形式写成，说明莎士比亚娴熟地掌握了商籁体诗的写作技巧。

本题要求学生掌握诗歌分析的方法，能够运用诗歌分析的术语对诗歌中的特殊语言现象进行细致的分析。

答案要点和分值：

1）Informationaboutthepoem:

Shakespeareandhisfourtragedies,esp.RomeoandJuliet,sonnetinhisdrama

（2）

2）Form:

layout（3quatrainsandacouplet=sonnet）,numberoflines（14）,lengthoflines（10syllables）（3）

3）Soundpatterning:

metre（iambicpentametre）,rhymes（ababc