高考英语牛津译林版二轮复习江苏专用第三部分 题型强化训练专题二 阅读理解第5课时含答案.docx
《高考英语牛津译林版二轮复习江苏专用第三部分 题型强化训练专题二 阅读理解第5课时含答案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语牛津译林版二轮复习江苏专用第三部分 题型强化训练专题二 阅读理解第5课时含答案.docx(26页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高考英语牛津译林版二轮复习江苏专用第三部分题型强化训练专题二阅读理解第5课时含答案
第5课时 锁定上下逻辑——攻克任务型阅读
题组一 体验真题
Passage1
(2015·江苏卷)Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.OneisrelatedtowhatFreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple,theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwantofbetternames,weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward.
Ingeneral,thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption,accidentsanddisasters,sports,socialevents,andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs,economicmatters,socialproblems,science,education,andhealth.
Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder,shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane,identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam,laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.
Newsofthesecondkind,however,paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation,themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing,andcancer.Ithasakindof“threatvalue”.Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews,hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.
Foranyindividual,ofcourse,theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample,asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem,ratherthanforitsimmediatereward.Acoachmayreadasportsstoryforitsthreatvalue:
hemayhavetoplaythatteamnextweek.Apoliticianmayreadanaccountofhislatestsuccessfulpublicmeeting,notforitsdelayedreward,butverymuchashiswifereadsanaccountofaparty.Inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster,athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience,butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.Therefore,whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral,anindividual'stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother,ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.
Whatnewsstoriesdoyouread?
Divisionofnewsstories
●Peopleexpecttoget
(1)______fromreadingnews.
●Newsstoriesareroughlydividedintotwoclasses.
●Somenewswillexcitetheirreadersinstantlywhileotherswon't.
(2)______ofthetwoclasses
●Newsofimmediaterewardwillseeminglytaketheirreaderstotheveryfrighteningscenewithoutactual(3)______.
●Readerswillassociatethemselvescloselywithwhathappensinthenewsstoriesand(4)______similarfeelingswiththoseinvolved.
●Newsofdelayedrewardwillmakereaderssuffer,orpresenta(5)______tothem.
●Newsofdelayedrewardwillinducethereaderto(6)______fortherealitywhilenewsofimmediaterewardwillleadthereaderto(7)______fromthereality.
Unstableboundariesofthetwoclasses
●Whatreadersexpectfromnewsstoriesarelargelyshapedbytheir(8)______.
●Seriousreaderswillbothgetexcitedoverwhathappensinsomenewsstoriesand(9)______themselvestothereality.
●Thus,thedivision,onthewhole,(10)________onthereader.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了人们选择新闻阅读的两种期待:
一种是“immediatereward”,一种是“delayedreward”。
文章结合弗洛伊德心理学理论,分析了不同人群对新闻报道的看法、接受习惯和反应特征。
1.rewards/rewarded [信息转换题。
根据第一段第一句“Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.”可知。
]
2.Explanations [信息归纳题。
根据右栏内容可知。
]
3.involvement [信息转换题。
根据第三段第一、二句“Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.”可知。
]
4.share [信息归纳题。
根据第三段中的“Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperience...atawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.”可知。
]
5.threat [信息查找题。
根据第四段中的“...forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation,themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing,andcancer.Ithasakindof‘threatvalue’.”可知。
]
6.prepare [信息转换题。
根据第四段中的“Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.”可知。
preparefor:
为……做准备。
]
7.withdraw [信息查找题。
根据第四段最后一句“Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.”可知。
]
8.profession(s)/intention [信息归纳题。
根据最后一段中的“Forexample,asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem,ratherthan...Acoach...Apoliticianmay...butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.”可知,不同职业的人们由于专业不同或出于不同的目的,所看的新闻也不同,并不能简单地分成两类。
]
9.adapt [信息查找题。
根据最后一段倒数第二句“...athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience,butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.”以及第四段倒数第二句“Whenareaderselects...towhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.”可知]
10.depends [信息归纳题。
根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore,whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral,anindividual'stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother,ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.”可推知,对新闻的期待基本上取决于读者自己。
dependon:
取决于。
]
Passage2
(2014·江苏卷)Theexpression,“everybody'sdoingit,”isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressure.Itisastronginfluenceofagroup,especiallyofchildren,onmembersofthatgrouptobehaveaseverybodyelsedoes.Itcanbepositiveornegative.Mostpeopleexperienceitinsomewayduringtheirlives.
Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature,andsoitishardlysurprisingthatpartoftheirself-respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinct(天性)iswhytheapprovalofpeers,orthefearofdisapproval,issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople'slives.Itisthesameinstinctthatdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork,ortoanswer“fine”whenastrangerasks“howareyou?
”evenifitisnotnecessarilytrue.Thereisapracticalaspecttothis:
ithelpssocietytofunctionefficiently,andencouragesagenerallevelofself-disciplinethatsimplifiesday-to-dayinteraction.
Forcertainindividuals,seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomeslikeanaddiction;inordertosatisfythedesire,theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugs,orjoingangsthatencouragecriminalbehavior.Matureadultsmaysometimesfeelpressuredtocoverupillegalactivityatthecompanywheretheywork,orendupindebtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesiretobuyahouseorcarthattheycan'taffordinaneffortto“keepupwiththeJoneses.”
However,peerpressureisnotalwaysnegative.Astudentwhosefriendsaregoodatacademicsmaybeurgedtostudyharderandgetgoodgrades.Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugs,ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.Studygroupsandclassprojectsareexamplesofpositivepeergroupsthatencouragepeopletobetterthemselves.
Schoolstrytoteachkidsaboutthedangersofnegativepeerpressure.Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves,andencouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.Similarly,itcanbehelpfultoencouragechildrentogreetthebeneficialinfluenceofpositivepeergroups.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。
文章谈论了同龄人压力对一个人的积极和消极的影响,以及应该如何去做才能消除同龄人压力的不利影响。
1.feeling [信息归纳题。
根据第一段第二句“Itisastronginfluenceofagroup,especiallyofchildren,onmembersofthatgrouptobehaveaseverybodyelsedoes.”可知。
peerpressure(同龄人压力)是指同龄人的行为会影响到同一群体另外的年轻人的行为。
也就是说同龄人压力会让我们有一种强烈的感觉(feeling)要做和同龄人一样的事情。
]
2.influences [信息转换题。
根据第一段第二、三句“Itisastronginfluenceofagroup,especiallyofchildren,onmembersofthatgrouptobehaveaseverybodyelsedoes.Itcanbepositiveornegative.”可知,同龄人压力对每个人都会有一些影响,这种影响可能是积极的,也可能是消极的。
]
3.practical [信息查找题。
根据第二段最后一句“Thereisapracticalaspecttothis:
Ithelpssocietytofunctionefficiently,andencouragesagenerallevelofself-disciplinethatsimplifiesday-to-dayinteraction.”可知,同龄人压力会产生很多实际的影响。
]
4.unconsciously [信息归纳题。
根据第二段第三句“Itisthesameinstinctthatdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork,...”可知。
unconsciously:
无意识地。
]
5.individuals [信息查找题。
根据第三段第一句中的Forcertainindividuals可知,同龄人压力对个人会产生很大的影响。
]
6.moral [信息归纳题。
根据第三段第一、二句“...inordertosatisfythedesire,theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugs,orjoingangsthatencouragecriminalbehaviour.”可知,同龄人压力会让人丧失道德准则,不辨是非,甚至违法犯罪。
]
7.spirit [信息归纳题。
根据第四段第三句“Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.”可知,同龄人压力也有积极的影响,为了帮助自己所在的运动队获胜,他们会有团队合作精神。
故总结概括使用名词spirit。
]
8.habits [信息查找题。
根据第四段第四句“Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugs,ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.”可知,同龄人压力也可以帮助人们养成好的习惯并抛弃一些不好的习惯。
]
9.independent [信息转换题。
根据最后一段第二句“Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves,...”可知,要教会孩子独立,并做真正的自己。
]
10.no [信息转换题。
根据最后一段第二句“...andencouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.”可知,要鼓励孩子拒绝去做一些他们认为是错误的事情。
句中的decline转换成saynoto。
]
题组二 尝试模拟
Passage1
请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:
每个空格只填一个单词。
HowtoReleaseCreativity
Accordingtomostdictionaries,creativityistheabilitytocreate.However,creativityismorethanwhatisdefinedbythedictionary.Itisanidea,aprocess,athought,orastateofmind.Onecannotlearntobecreativebecausecreativityisnaturalanduniquetoeachindividual.Peopleshouldknowthatcreativitydoesn'tequalsuccess.Itequalstheactofexpressing.So,ifatfirstthegoalthatisaimedforisnotachieved,thereisnoneedforworryorfrustrati