小学英语六年级语法.docx

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小学英语六年级语法.docx

小学英语六年级语法

词法

1.名词

名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

(1)可数名词单数变复数规则:

1.一般直接加s:

bag----bags

2.以s.x.ch.sh结尾的加es:

bus----buseswatch----watches

3.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es。

family----families

以元音字母加y结尾的名词,直接加smonkey----monkeys

4.以o结尾的名词变复数

1.加s的名词有photo----photospiano----pianos

radio----radioszoo----zoos

2.加es的名词有tomato----tomatoespotato----potatoes

5.以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v加esknife-----knives

(2)不规则复数形式

1.变内部元音的情况foot----feetman----menwoman----womentooth----teethmouse----mice

2.词尾加renchild----children

3.单复数同形fishsheepChinesedeerpeople

4.只有复数形式没有单数形式trousers裤子clothes衣服shorts短裤glasses眼镜

(3)不可数名词

cheesericemeatjuicemilkteawatercoffeemoneyfire

2.动词

考试中经常出现的动词的变化形式有以下几种,即动词原形,一般现在时第三人称单数,过去式现在分词,(动名词和现在分词同形)(只介绍小学阶段中出现的)

(1)一般现在时动词第三人称单数的变化规则

1.一般动词直接加s,-s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音或元音后读/z/, ds读/dz/, ts读/ts/help -helps/s/ know -knows/z/ get-gets/s/read-reads/z/play----plays

2.以o.s.x.ch.sh结尾的动词加es,-es 读/iz/wash----washes

   注意:

go   goes/z/  do  does /z/ 

3以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i加es。

-ies读/iz/ carry-carries fly-flies study-studies

4.特殊变化have----has

(2)动词变现在分词(动名词)规则

1.大多数动词后直接加ingplay----playing

2.如果动词以不发音e结尾,则去掉e,再加ingmake---making

3.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母的先双写该字母然后再加-ing,run----running,z这样的词还有shop,get,swim,stop,skip,sit,begin,forget,put,

(3)动词变过去式规则

1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed,-ed在清辅音后读/t/, 在浊辅音及元音读/d,/-ed在/t//d/后读/id/,如open---opened look---looked  want---wanted /id/   need---needed /id/ 

2.如果动词以不发音e结尾,直接加ddance----danced

3.重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的先双写该字母然后再加ed

drop----dropped

4.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i加edstudy----studied,carry,try,cry

5.经常考到的不规则变化。

go----wentdo----dideat----ateread----readdraw----drew

meet----metwear----woream/is----wassee----sawhave----hadring----rangcome----camelose----lostsay----saidbuy----boughtbecome----becamespend----spentwin----wonare----werefind----foundgive----gave

三.人称代词

代词列表

人称代词

主格

人称代词

宾格

形容词性

物主代词

名词性

物主代词

反身代词

I

me

my

mine

myself

we

us

our

ours

ourselves

you

you

your

yours

yourself

yourselves

she

her

her

hers

herself

he

him

his

his

himself

it

it

its

its

itself

they

them

their

theirs

themselves

主格做主语

宾格做宾语

放在动词介词后

放在名词前

不可单独用

替代形代+名词

不可与名词连用

by后接

反身代词

4.小学阶段遇到的同音异形词

see----seameet----meattheir----thereI----eyebuy----by----byehear----hereone----wontwo----toono----knowhour----ourson----sunwhere----wearhigh----hiright----writebe----beedeer---dear

专项题

一,用所给词的适当形式填空

Giveitto___(I).

Pass________(he)thebook.

Tell_________(she)thestory.

Thisis______(we)classroom.______(They)classroomisoverthere.

Thisisnot_______(he)book.________(hisbook)isoverthere.

Thisisnot________(I)book._________(mybook)isinthebag.

Whereis_______(you)book?

Ican’tfind________(yourbook)      

 二、把下列名词变成复数形式

tree_____horse______house___bus______fox______branch_____baby_______family_____country.________radio_____photo______piano______knife__life_____thief_______man____woman_______child_______foot________teacher_____city_____zoo___country____tooth_____mouse____boy___room_____car_____watch_______child_____diary____foot_____book_______dress_______tooth_______sheep______ship_______

三、写出下列动词的三单形式和现在分词

helpflystudycookgowantdovisitsleepsoundeatreadcopywashtalkcleandrawcatchwatchgetjumpswimrun

四词语大变身

sound三单skip现在分词

went原形get现在分词

play现在分词run过去式

fly三单were原形

lose过去式fly过去式

won原形become过去式

ring过去式sit现在分词

spent原形drop过去式

read过去式make现在分词

live过去式drew原形

五,区分可数名词和不可数名词

book  apple  children  meat teaman  coffee  water foot  shortspear  juice  chair  desk  cheese

可数名词___________________________

不可数名词___________________________

六,写出下列词的同音词

meet                no

where               hour

right               son

eye                 two

high                bee

there               buy

专项测试

一.选出括号中正确的词,在正确的词上打勾。

1.Thisis(my/I)mother.

2.Nicetomeet(your/you).

3.(He/His)nameisMark.

4.What’s(she/her)name?

5.Excuse(me/my/I).

6.Are(your/you)MissLi?

7.(I/My)amBen.

8.(She/Her)ismysister.

9.Fine,thank(your/you)

10.Howoldis(he/his)?

二、用所给词的正确形式填空

1.Thisisn’t________knife. _________ is green. ( she ) 

2. These are your books,Kate. Put __________ in the deskplease. (they ) 

3. _______ must look after ________ things. ( you ) 

4. Wei Fang,is that ________ ruler?

 Yes,it’s.( you )

5. They want a football. Give __________ the green one,please. ( they) 

6. It’s Lin Tao’sbag. Give it to __________. ( he ) 

7. Is this pencil-box Li Lei’s?

 No,___________ is very new. ( he ) 

8. This box is too heavy. I can’t carry _________. ( it )  Don’tworryLet __________( I ) help __________. ( you) 

三,连线

met        drew

went        were

spend       become 

draw        go

became      meet  

am         spent

四找出每组不同类的单词

1[ ]read  lost   come

2[ ]milk   noodles   juice

3[ ]gets   studies    potatoes

4[ ]beginning  had    jumping

5[ ]mine   them  him

五,写出下列词的同音词

meet                no

where               hour

right               son

eye                 two

high                bee

there               buy

seehere

oneaunt

六、写出下列动词的现在分词和过去式

walklive

studystop

godo

comedrop

becomeread

meetplay

visitlisten

rowenjoy

现在进行时

一、概念

 现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作.

二、结构

助动词 be(am/is/are)+现在分词

三、标志词

look,listen,now,

四、现在分词的构成

1.大多数动词后直接加-ing.(直接加ing---直)

 Eg:

sleep-sleeping,do-doing,read-reading,

 2. 如果动词以不发音-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,(去e加ing---去)

Eg:

come-coming,have-having,make-making,ride,write,(反例:

see-seeing)

 3. 重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该字母然后再加--ing(元音字母组合除外eg:

draw)(双写加ing---双)

Eg:

 swim-swimming,run-running,begin-beginninghop,shop,get,stop,skip,sit(反例:

row-rowing)

五、句型结构

  1.现在进行时的陈述句(肯定句)形式:

主语+be(am/is/are)+doing+其他.

  Listen!

Iamsinging.Look!

Theyarewriting.

2.现在进行时的否定形式:

主语+be(am/is/are)+not+doing+其他.

 Iamnotsinging.Theyaren’twriting.

 3.一般疑问句及回答:

Be(am/is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他?

 AmIsinging?

Yes,youare./No,youaren’t.

 Aretheywriting?

Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.

4.特殊疑问句及回答:

特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+doing+其他

  Whatareyoudoing?

Weareplaying.

六、用法

5.表示现在 正在发生的事情。

Wearewaitingforyou.

Whatareyoudoing?

2. 表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行.

 SheisteachingEnglish.

HeislearningEnglish.

七、专项练习

一、写出下列单词的现在分词

readgotalkswimgetbegin

writetakelikelovevisitlaugh

waitleaveeathavestudysit

二、单项选择

1.Listen!

They________inthenextroom.

A.singB.issingingC.aresingingD.weresinging

2.It’seighto’clock.Thestudents____anEnglishclass.

A.haveB.havingC.ishavingD.arehaving

3.---Mary,couldyouhelpme?

---Waitamoment.I_____.

A.readabookB.didmyhomework

C.waswatchingTVD.amcookingdinner.

4.---Canyourfatherdrive?

---Yes,andheoften______toschool.

A.droveB.isdrivingC.drivesD.hasdriven

5.---Excuseme,whereisJim?

---Oh,he______dumplingsinthekitchen.

A.makesB.willmakeC.ismakingD.made

6.---Hurryup!

It’stimetoleave.

---Ok,______.

A.IcomeB.I’vecomeC.I’llcomeD.I’mcoming.

7.Don’tturnontheTV.Grandma_______now.

A.issleepingB.willsleepC.sleptD.sleeps

8.---______you______abook?

---Yes,Iam.

A.Do;readB.Are;readC.Are;readingD.Are;looking

9.Sometimesshe______intheday,butnowsheis_____.

A.works;workingB.working;work

C.work;workingD.work;work

10.Kate_________,andtheothers_________.

A.sing;listenB.issinging;islistening

C.sing;arelisteningD.issinging;arelistening

11.---Tom_____thepianointheroom.

---Pleaseaskhimtocomehere.

A.playB.playsC.playedD.isplaying

三、将下列句子转换为现在进行时

12.Hetalkstoafriend.

_________________________________________

13.Theydon’tplaycomputergames.

_________________________________________

14.Dotheyswim?

_________________________________________

15.Doesshewritealetter?

_________________________________________

16.Whatdotheylookat?

_________________________________________

四、句型转换

1.Heiseatingdinner.(对划线部分提问)

______ishe_______?

2.Theyarereadinginthelibrary.(对划线部分提问)

___________they__________?

3.I’mdoingmyhomework.(改为一般疑问句)

_____________________________________

4.Iwanttogotothemoviesat7o’clock.(对划线部分提问) 

_______________________youwanttogotothemovies?

5.Samislistengingtomusic.(改为否定句)

_____________________________________

八、专项测试

一.选择

 1.Look.Lucyis_____anewbiketoday.

 A.jumping  B.running  C.riding  Dtakeing

 2.Thechildren_____football.

 A.isplaying  B.areplaying  C.playthe  D.playa

 3.They______TVintheevening.Theydotheirhomework.

 A.arewatching  B.can’twatching  C.don’twatch  D.don’twatching

 4.Listen!

She____intheclassroom.

 A.issinging B.sing  C.tosing  D.issing

 5.Isshe____something?

 A.eat  B.eating  C.eatting  D.eats

 6.It’ssixintheafternoon.TheGreens_______lunchtogether.

 A.has  B.arehaving  C.have D.ishaving

 7.JackandKetty_______inthelakenow.

 A.swim  B.isswimming  C.swam D.areswimming

 8.Look!

Thechildren_______basketballontheplayground.

A.plays  B.played  C.isplaying  D.areplaying

9.Someare_________intheriverandsomeare_________games.

A.swiming,playingB.swimming,playing

C.swimming,playingD.swimming,playing

10.Look!

Theboystudentsare___footballwhilethegirlsare________.

A.playing,danceB.playing,dancing

C.play,dancingD.play,dance

11.He_____todohislessonsateighteveryevening

A.isbeginningB.isbeginningC.beginD.begins

12.Mr.Smith______shortstories,buthe______aTVplaythesedays.

A.iswriting,iswritin

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