小学英语六年级语法.docx
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小学英语六年级语法
词法
1.名词
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
(1)可数名词单数变复数规则:
1.一般直接加s:
bag----bags
2.以s.x.ch.sh结尾的加es:
bus----buseswatch----watches
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es。
family----families
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,直接加smonkey----monkeys
4.以o结尾的名词变复数
1.加s的名词有photo----photospiano----pianos
radio----radioszoo----zoos
2.加es的名词有tomato----tomatoespotato----potatoes
5.以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v加esknife-----knives
(2)不规则复数形式
1.变内部元音的情况foot----feetman----menwoman----womentooth----teethmouse----mice
2.词尾加renchild----children
3.单复数同形fishsheepChinesedeerpeople
4.只有复数形式没有单数形式trousers裤子clothes衣服shorts短裤glasses眼镜
(3)不可数名词
cheesericemeatjuicemilkteawatercoffeemoneyfire
2.动词
考试中经常出现的动词的变化形式有以下几种,即动词原形,一般现在时第三人称单数,过去式现在分词,(动名词和现在分词同形)(只介绍小学阶段中出现的)
(1)一般现在时动词第三人称单数的变化规则
1.一般动词直接加s,-s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音或元音后读/z/, ds读/dz/, ts读/ts/help -helps/s/ know -knows/z/ get-gets/s/read-reads/z/play----plays
2.以o.s.x.ch.sh结尾的动词加es,-es 读/iz/wash----washes
注意:
go goes/z/ do does /z/
3以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i加es。
-ies读/iz/ carry-carries fly-flies study-studies
4.特殊变化have----has
(2)动词变现在分词(动名词)规则
1.大多数动词后直接加ingplay----playing
2.如果动词以不发音e结尾,则去掉e,再加ingmake---making
3.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母的先双写该字母然后再加-ing,run----running,z这样的词还有shop,get,swim,stop,skip,sit,begin,forget,put,
(3)动词变过去式规则
1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed,-ed在清辅音后读/t/, 在浊辅音及元音读/d,/-ed在/t//d/后读/id/,如open---opened look---looked want---wanted /id/ need---needed /id/
2.如果动词以不发音e结尾,直接加ddance----danced
3.重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的先双写该字母然后再加ed
drop----dropped
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i加edstudy----studied,carry,try,cry
5.经常考到的不规则变化。
go----wentdo----dideat----ateread----readdraw----drew
meet----metwear----woream/is----wassee----sawhave----hadring----rangcome----camelose----lostsay----saidbuy----boughtbecome----becamespend----spentwin----wonare----werefind----foundgive----gave
三.人称代词
代词列表
人称代词
主格
人称代词
宾格
形容词性
物主代词
名词性
物主代词
反身代词
I
me
my
mine
myself
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
you
you
your
yours
yourself
yourselves
she
her
her
hers
herself
he
him
his
his
himself
it
it
its
its
itself
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
主格做主语
宾格做宾语
放在动词介词后
放在名词前
不可单独用
替代形代+名词
不可与名词连用
by后接
反身代词
4.小学阶段遇到的同音异形词
see----seameet----meattheir----thereI----eyebuy----by----byehear----hereone----wontwo----toono----knowhour----ourson----sunwhere----wearhigh----hiright----writebe----beedeer---dear
专项题
一,用所给词的适当形式填空
Giveitto___(I).
Pass________(he)thebook.
Tell_________(she)thestory.
Thisis______(we)classroom.______(They)classroomisoverthere.
Thisisnot_______(he)book.________(hisbook)isoverthere.
Thisisnot________(I)book._________(mybook)isinthebag.
Whereis_______(you)book?
Ican’tfind________(yourbook)
二、把下列名词变成复数形式
tree_____horse______house___bus______fox______branch_____baby_______family_____country.________radio_____photo______piano______knife__life_____thief_______man____woman_______child_______foot________teacher_____city_____zoo___country____tooth_____mouse____boy___room_____car_____watch_______child_____diary____foot_____book_______dress_______tooth_______sheep______ship_______
三、写出下列动词的三单形式和现在分词
helpflystudycookgowantdovisitsleepsoundeatreadcopywashtalkcleandrawcatchwatchgetjumpswimrun
四词语大变身
sound三单skip现在分词
went原形get现在分词
play现在分词run过去式
fly三单were原形
lose过去式fly过去式
won原形become过去式
ring过去式sit现在分词
spent原形drop过去式
read过去式make现在分词
live过去式drew原形
五,区分可数名词和不可数名词
book apple children meat teaman coffee water foot shortspear juice chair desk cheese
可数名词___________________________
不可数名词___________________________
六,写出下列词的同音词
meet no
where hour
right son
eye two
high bee
there buy
专项测试
一.选出括号中正确的词,在正确的词上打勾。
1.Thisis(my/I)mother.
2.Nicetomeet(your/you).
3.(He/His)nameisMark.
4.What’s(she/her)name?
5.Excuse(me/my/I).
6.Are(your/you)MissLi?
7.(I/My)amBen.
8.(She/Her)ismysister.
9.Fine,thank(your/you)
10.Howoldis(he/his)?
二、用所给词的正确形式填空
1.Thisisn’t________knife. _________ is green. ( she )
2. These are your books,Kate. Put __________ in the deskplease. (they )
3. _______ must look after ________ things. ( you )
4. Wei Fang,is that ________ ruler?
Yes,it’s.( you )
5. They want a football. Give __________ the green one,please. ( they)
6. It’s Lin Tao’sbag. Give it to __________. ( he )
7. Is this pencil-box Li Lei’s?
No,___________ is very new. ( he )
8. This box is too heavy. I can’t carry _________. ( it ) Don’tworryLet __________( I ) help __________. ( you)
三,连线
met drew
went were
spend become
draw go
became meet
am spent
四找出每组不同类的单词
1[ ]read lost come
2[ ]milk noodles juice
3[ ]gets studies potatoes
4[ ]beginning had jumping
5[ ]mine them him
五,写出下列词的同音词
meet no
where hour
right son
eye two
high bee
there buy
seehere
oneaunt
六、写出下列动词的现在分词和过去式
walklive
studystop
godo
comedrop
becomeread
meetplay
visitlisten
rowenjoy
现在进行时
一、概念
现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作.
二、结构
助动词 be(am/is/are)+现在分词
三、标志词
look,listen,now,
四、现在分词的构成
1.大多数动词后直接加-ing.(直接加ing---直)
Eg:
sleep-sleeping,do-doing,read-reading,
2. 如果动词以不发音-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,(去e加ing---去)
Eg:
come-coming,have-having,make-making,ride,write,(反例:
see-seeing)
3. 重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该字母然后再加--ing(元音字母组合除外eg:
draw)(双写加ing---双)
Eg:
swim-swimming,run-running,begin-beginninghop,shop,get,stop,skip,sit(反例:
row-rowing)
五、句型结构
1.现在进行时的陈述句(肯定句)形式:
主语+be(am/is/are)+doing+其他.
Listen!
Iamsinging.Look!
Theyarewriting.
2.现在进行时的否定形式:
主语+be(am/is/are)+not+doing+其他.
Iamnotsinging.Theyaren’twriting.
3.一般疑问句及回答:
Be(am/is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他?
AmIsinging?
Yes,youare./No,youaren’t.
Aretheywriting?
Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
4.特殊疑问句及回答:
特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+doing+其他
Whatareyoudoing?
Weareplaying.
六、用法
5.表示现在 正在发生的事情。
Wearewaitingforyou.
Whatareyoudoing?
2. 表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行.
SheisteachingEnglish.
HeislearningEnglish.
七、专项练习
一、写出下列单词的现在分词
readgotalkswimgetbegin
writetakelikelovevisitlaugh
waitleaveeathavestudysit
二、单项选择
1.Listen!
They________inthenextroom.
A.singB.issingingC.aresingingD.weresinging
2.It’seighto’clock.Thestudents____anEnglishclass.
A.haveB.havingC.ishavingD.arehaving
3.---Mary,couldyouhelpme?
---Waitamoment.I_____.
A.readabookB.didmyhomework
C.waswatchingTVD.amcookingdinner.
4.---Canyourfatherdrive?
---Yes,andheoften______toschool.
A.droveB.isdrivingC.drivesD.hasdriven
5.---Excuseme,whereisJim?
---Oh,he______dumplingsinthekitchen.
A.makesB.willmakeC.ismakingD.made
6.---Hurryup!
It’stimetoleave.
---Ok,______.
A.IcomeB.I’vecomeC.I’llcomeD.I’mcoming.
7.Don’tturnontheTV.Grandma_______now.
A.issleepingB.willsleepC.sleptD.sleeps
8.---______you______abook?
---Yes,Iam.
A.Do;readB.Are;readC.Are;readingD.Are;looking
9.Sometimesshe______intheday,butnowsheis_____.
A.works;workingB.working;work
C.work;workingD.work;work
10.Kate_________,andtheothers_________.
A.sing;listenB.issinging;islistening
C.sing;arelisteningD.issinging;arelistening
11.---Tom_____thepianointheroom.
---Pleaseaskhimtocomehere.
A.playB.playsC.playedD.isplaying
三、将下列句子转换为现在进行时
12.Hetalkstoafriend.
_________________________________________
13.Theydon’tplaycomputergames.
_________________________________________
14.Dotheyswim?
_________________________________________
15.Doesshewritealetter?
_________________________________________
16.Whatdotheylookat?
_________________________________________
四、句型转换
1.Heiseatingdinner.(对划线部分提问)
______ishe_______?
2.Theyarereadinginthelibrary.(对划线部分提问)
___________they__________?
3.I’mdoingmyhomework.(改为一般疑问句)
_____________________________________
4.Iwanttogotothemoviesat7o’clock.(对划线部分提问)
_______________________youwanttogotothemovies?
5.Samislistengingtomusic.(改为否定句)
_____________________________________
八、专项测试
一.选择
1.Look.Lucyis_____anewbiketoday.
A.jumping B.running C.riding Dtakeing
2.Thechildren_____football.
A.isplaying B.areplaying C.playthe D.playa
3.They______TVintheevening.Theydotheirhomework.
A.arewatching B.can’twatching C.don’twatch D.don’twatching
4.Listen!
She____intheclassroom.
A.issinging B.sing C.tosing D.issing
5.Isshe____something?
A.eat B.eating C.eatting D.eats
6.It’ssixintheafternoon.TheGreens_______lunchtogether.
A.has B.arehaving C.have D.ishaving
7.JackandKetty_______inthelakenow.
A.swim B.isswimming C.swam D.areswimming
8.Look!
Thechildren_______basketballontheplayground.
A.plays B.played C.isplaying D.areplaying
9.Someare_________intheriverandsomeare_________games.
A.swiming,playingB.swimming,playing
C.swimming,playingD.swimming,playing
10.Look!
Theboystudentsare___footballwhilethegirlsare________.
A.playing,danceB.playing,dancing
C.play,dancingD.play,dance
11.He_____todohislessonsateighteveryevening
A.isbeginningB.isbeginningC.beginD.begins
12.Mr.Smith______shortstories,buthe______aTVplaythesedays.
A.iswriting,iswritin