现代大学英语听力原文及答案Unit 11.docx

现代大学英语听力原文及答案Unit 11.docx

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现代大学英语听力原文及答案Unit11

Unit11

Task1:

【原文】

1）"Infact,"saidtheattorneywithsarcasm,"youweresofrightenedattherunematyouhonestlycannottestifywhetheritwasanautomobileorsomethingresemblinganautomobilethatstruckyou."

"Well,"repliedtheplaintiff"IcanonlysaythatIwasstruckbytheresemblance."

2）Andtheotherstoryfromthatareaisaboutthenativewhonoticedtheepitaphonatombstone:

"HereLiesaLawyerandanHonestMan."

"Mightysmallgravefortwomen,"commentedthenative.

3）ThisissupposedtohavehappenedinaWesterncourtroom.Onelawyerroseandshoutedthathisopponentwasacrook,ashysterandadisgracetothelegalprofession.Theopposingattorneyrespondedthatthefirstwasguiltierthanhisclientandshouldbetheoneontrial.

Thejudgecalmlynoted:

"Nowthatbothofthelearnedcounselshaveidentifiedthemselves,letusproceedwiththiscase."

4）Astorythatlawyersandlawstudentsneverappreciateistheoneaboutthetwopickpocketswhowereworkinginthecrowdinfrontofadowntownofficebuilding.Theynoticedonemanwhotookafatwalletoutofhispocket,countedthecontentsandwentintotheelevator.

Theyfollowedhimintotheelevatorbutweren’tabletoreachhimbeforehegotoffandenteredalawyer'soffice.

InfewminutestheysawthemancomeoutThenonepickpocketsaidtotheother"What'llwedonow?

"theotherreplied,"Youknowwhattodo.We'llwaitforthelawyertocomeout."

5）"Nodoubtaboutit,"saidthelawyer."ThisisoneofthestrongestcasesI'veeverheard.Thereisn'tachanceoflosingincourt."

"Thanks,"saidtheclient,grabbingforhishatandcoat."IguessI'llsettlethisoutofcourt."

"ButIsaidyoucan'tlose,"criedthelawyer.

"Iknow,butwhatItoldyouwastheotherman'ssideofthecase."

Task2:

【答案】

MainIdea:

TheimportanceofjurytrialintheUSlegalsystemandthecontemporarychallengesitfaces

I.ThejurytrialisthecentralelementintheAmericanconceptionofjustice.

A.Therighttotrialbyanimpartialjury.isoneoftheoldestandleastcontroversialguaranteesintheConstitution.

B.Americaisdistinctiveamongallnationsforthecentralroleaccordedthejurytrialinitsjusticesystem.

C.ToAmericancitizens,participationingovernmentisrepresentedbyvotingandjuryservice.

II.ThefutureofjurytrialisuncertainduetotherapidchangesinAmericansociety.

A.Increasesinthevolumeofcivilandcriminaltrialshaveputgreatpressureonthejurysystem.

B.Therehavebeendramaticincreasesinthelengthandcomplexityoftrials.

C.Incivilcases,itsometimesseemsimpossibleforjurymemberstohavethespecialknowledgeneededduetotheadvanceinscienceandtechnology.

D.Changesintrialmethodandgreaterpublicaccesshavealteredthenatureofthetrialjury.

【原文】

ThejurytrialisthecentralelementintheAmericanconceptionofjustice.Thefighttotrialbyanimpartialjury,insulatedfrominfluencebyoppressivepoliticalpowers,isoneoftheoldestandleastcontroversialguaranteesintheConstitution.Americaisdistinctiveamongallnationsforthecentralroleaccordedthejurytrialinitsjusticesystem.Themorethan300,000jurytrialsayearareofenormouspracticalandsymbolicsignificancetothosewhoareinvolvedinthemandtothosewhoseeorhearaboutthem.TothetypicalAmericancitizen,participationingovernmentisrepresentedbyvotingandjuryservice.

Despitethelonghistoryofthejurytrialanddespiteitscurrentsignificanceinthelegalsystem,itsfutureisuncertain.ChangesinAmericansocietyhavecreatednewdemandsforjusticewhichmaynotbemetbytraditionaljurytrials.Increasesinthevolumeofcivilandcriminaltrialshavecloggedthecourtsystemandplacedunprecedentedstrainsontheabilityofthejurysystemtodispensehighqualityjustice.Therehavebeendramaticincreasesinthelengthandcomplexityoftrials.Insomejurisdictions,juryselectionalonemaylastaslongasaweekinatypicalcriminalcase.Althoughnotcommon,civilandcriminalcaseslastingmonthsandevenyearsplaceaburdenonthesystem.Onthecivilside,advancesinscienceandengineeringhavecreatedcomplexitiesindisputesthatchallengetheexpertsinthefieldandwouldseemtorequireanunattainablelevelofsophisticationonthepartofjurymembers.Technologicaldevelopmentsarealsochangingsomeoftheconventionsofevidenceandprocedureattrialandprovidingopportunitiesforpublicaccessthroughmediareportage,whichhasalteredthenatureofthetrialjury.

Task3:

【答案】

A.

1）T

2）F

3）T

4）F

5）T

6）T

7）F

8）F

B.

1）Everywitnessmustswearanoath,withhishandontheBible,"Totellthetruth,thewholetruth,andnothingbutthetruth".

2）Cross-examinationistheexaminationofawitnessbyhisopponent.Forexample,everywitnesscalledbytheprosecutingcounselmaybeexaminedbythedefendingbarrister,andviceversa.

3）Itisaquestionthatsuggestssomethinginsteadofaskingforinformation.

4）“Hearsay”evidenceiswhatonehasheardotherssayaboutanevent.

【原文】

Whileyouwerestayingwithusduringthesummer,Irememberyouaskedmealotofquestionsaboutlawinthiscountry.I'mafraidIwasn'tabletohelpyoumuch.Wereadinourpapersabouttrialsinthelawcourts,butfewlaw-abidingcitizensareexpertsonthesubject.

YouaskedmetotellyouhowcriminaltrialsinEnglanddifferfromcriminaltrialsinEurope,andIcouldn'ttellyoumuch—except,Iremember,thatIsaidthatinEnglandapersonaccused26crimemustalwaysbesupposedinnocentuntilhehasbeenprovedguilty.Newspapersmustn'tdescribetheaccusedas“themurderer;he's“theaccused”or“theprisoner”.LastmonthIservedasamemberofthejuryatanimportantcriminaltrial,soIlearntquitealot.Ithoughtyou'dbeinterested,andthat'swhyI'mwriting.

Theprisonerwasaccusedofrobbingabankandofwoundingthenightwatchmanwhotriedtostophim.Hepleaded"NotGuilty",sothetrialwasalongone.Wehadtolistentsomelo,speechesandalotofevidence.

I'mover50andthiswasmyfirstexperienceofservingasajuror.We'reliableforjuryservicebetween21and60,soyouseeImighthavebeencalledonmanyyearsago.Ofthe12membersofthejury,threewerewomen.Twoofthemenweresmallshopkeepers,onewasamotormechanic,andanotherwasaschoolteacher.Ididn'tfindoutwhattheotherswere,butyoucanseewewereamixedlot.

Wehadthreestoriestolistento.Firsttherewasthestorytoldbythecounselfortheprosecution,thenthestorytoldbythedefendingcounsel,andlastlythestorytoldbythejudge,asummingupofwhatwassaidbycounselandwitnesses.By"counsel"1meanthebarristerorbarristersemployedoneitherside.

Theprosecutingcounselbeganbytellingthecourtwhatheintendedtoprovebyevidence.Thenhecalledhiswitnesses.Thesepeoplecansaywhattheyknowonlyinanswertoquestions,sotheexaminationofwitnessesisveryimportant.Everywitnessmaybeexaminedbythebarristerwhoisdefendingtheprisoner.Thisisthecross-examination.Thejudgecaninterfereifhethinksanyofthequestionsareunfair.Healwaysobjectstowhatarecalled"leadingquestions",questionsthatsuggestsomethinginsteadofaskingforinformation.（Perhapsyouknowtheoldexample:

"Whendidyoustopbeatingyourwife?

"）Leadingquestionsareallowed,however,incross-examination.

Thedefendingcounselthenhadhisturn.Hecallednewwitnesses,includingtheaccusedmanhimself.Thesewitnesseswerethencross-examinedbytheprosecutingcounsel.

Thelawofevidenceisverystrict.Everywitnessmust,beforehegoesintothewitnessbox,swearanoath,withhishandontheBible,"Totellthetruth,thewholetruth,andnothingbutthetruth".Awitnessmaytellonlywhathehimselfknowstobetrue."Hearsay"evidenceisnotallowed.If,forexample,Mr.Xsawamanforcingawayintoabuilding,hecandescribewhathesaw,andthisisevidence.Ifhetellshiswifeaboutit,adescriptionofwhathappened,givenbythewife,isnotevidence.Sheheardherhusband'sstory,butsheherselfdidnotseewhathappened.

Whenalltheevidencehadbeengiven,andtheexaminationofthewitnesseswasfinished,counselforbothsidesmadefurtherspeeches.Counselfortheprosecutiontriedtoshowthat,fromtheevidencetheyhadheard,thejurycouldonlyfindtheaccusedpersonguilty.Counselforthedefencetriedtoshowthattheaccusedwasnotguilty.Thenthejudgesummedup.

Task4:

【答案】

A.

1）b

2）a

3）b

4）c

B.

1）Thejudgesareresponsibleforsumminguptheevidence,andcallthejurymen'sattentiontoalltheimportantpointsintheevidenceandinthespeechesmadebycounselforbothsides.

2）Thejudgeusuallygivesamoreseveresentencetotheaccused.

3）No.Thisisbasedontheprincipleofthedivisionbetweentheforcesofthelawwhokeeporder,andtheforceswhoconducttrials.

【原文】

TherearequitealotofpeopleinEnglandwhothinkthat12ordinarymenandwomenarenotcapableofunderstandingproperlyalltheevidencegivenatcriminaltrials.IhaddoubtsaboutthismyselfuntilIservedasjurorlastmonth.Idon'tfeelsodoubtfulnow.Ourjudgesareexpertinsumminguptheevidence.Theytakenotesduringthetrial.Thejudge,inthecaseI'mwritingabout,calledourattentiontoalltheimportantpointsintheevidenceandinthespeechesmadebycounselforbothsides.Hefavoredneitherprosecutionnordefense.Hetolduswhatcrimetheaccusedwouldbeguiltyof,iftheevidencesuppliedbytheprosecutionwastrue.

Themembersofthejuryhavetodecideonlythequestionsoffact.Questionsoflawareforthejudge.S