高中英语 Unit 1 Great scientists课时作业 新人教版必修5.docx

高中英语 Unit 1 Great scientists课时作业 新人教版必修5.docx

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高中英语Unit1Greatscientists课时作业新人教版必修5

2019-2020年高中英语Unit1Greatscientists课时作业新人教版必修5

Ⅰ.用适当的介、副词填空

1．JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.

2．Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.

3．Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.

4．Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.

5．Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods,hebegantogatherinformation.

6．Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.

7．Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.

8．Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.

9．InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.

10．WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.

Ⅱ.佳句翻译与仿写

1．Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.

翻译　人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。

仿写　他和我都不打算去参加这次会议。

Neither_he_nor_I_am_going_to_attend_the_meeting.

2．Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.

翻译　每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死亡。

仿写　我每次去北京都会去参观长城。

Every_time_I_went_to_Beijing,_I_would_visit_the_Great_Wall.

3．Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.

翻译　他知道，直到找到病源，霍乱才能控制住。

仿写　我亲眼所见后才会相信他的话。

I_will_never_believe_him_until_I_see_with_my_own_eyes.

4．Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.

翻译　看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了。

仿写　好像那次交通事故应该怪司机。

It_seemed_that_the_driver_was_to_blame_for_the_traffic_accident.

5．Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.

翻译　为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。

仿写　我建议他改天再来。

I_suggested_（that）_he_（should）_e_another_day.

Ⅲ.语法填空

Ms.Marywasovereighty，butshestilldroveheroldcarlikehalfherage.Sheloveddrivingveryfast，andboastedofthefact1.____________shehadnever，inherthirty－fiveyearsofdriving，beenpunished2.______adrivingmistake.

Thenoneday，shenearlylostherrecord.Apolicecarfollowedher，andthepolicemeninitsawherpassaredlightwithout3.________（stop）．

WhenMs.Marycamebeforethejudge，helookedatherseverelyandsaidthatshewastoooldtodriveacar，andthatthereason4.________shehadnotstoppedattheredlightwasmostprobablythathereyeshadbeeweak5.________oldage，sothatshehadsimplynotseenit.

Whenthejudgehadfinished6.________hewassaying，Ms.Maryopenedthebighandbagshewascarryingandtookouthersewing.Withoutsayingaword，she7.________（choose）aneedlewithaverysmalleye，andthreadeditatthefirsttime.

Whenshehad8.________（success）donethis，shetookthethreadoutoftheneedleagainandhandedboththeneedleandthreadtothejudge，saying，“Nowitisyourturn.Isupposeyoucandriveacarwell，andyouhavenodoubts9.________youreyesight.”

Thejudgetooktheneedleandtriedtothreadit.Afterhalfadozentimes，hehadstillnotsucceeded.ThecaseagainstMs.Mary10.________（dismiss），andherrecordremainedunbroken.

答案　1.that　2.for　3.stopping　4.why　5.with　6.what　7.chose　8.successfully　9.about　10.wasdismissed

Ⅳ.阅读理解

LinusPauling，theonlypersonwhohaswontwoundividedNobelPrizes，wasborninPortland，Oregon.HeattendedWashingtonHighSchoolbutbecauseofanunimportantdetailhedidnotreceivehisdiplomauntil1962，longafterhehadreceivedhisBachelor’sdegreeinchemicalengineeringfromOrgonStateCollegein1922.Hehadchosentostudyhismajorbecausehecouldgetagoodjobwithit.

HewontheNobelPrizeforChemistryin1954forhisresearchintothenatureofthechemicalbondanditsapplicationtotheexplanationofthestructureofplexsubstance.Hisinterestinthe“behavior”ofmolecules（分子）ledhimfromphysicalchemistrytobiologicalchemistry，especiallyofthehumanbody.Hebeganwithproteinsandtheirmainparts，theaminoacids（氨基酸），whicharecalledthe“buildingblocksoflife”．In1950，heconstructedthefirstsatisfactorymodelofaproteinmolecule，adiscoveryveryimportanttotheunderstandingofthelivingcell.

DuringWorldWarⅡ，PaulingwasamemberoftheResearchBoardforNationalSecurity，forwhichhewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofMeritin1948.However，theuseoftheatomicbombneartheendofthewarturnedPaulinginanewdirection.Havinglongworkedonthestructureofmolecules，hetookanimmediateinterestinthedeadlyeffectsofnuclearfalloutonhumanmolecularstructures.

Fromthenon，Paulingprotestedtheproductionofthehydrogenbombandsupportedthepreventionofthespreadofnuclearweapons.Throughhisefforts，TheNuclear－Test－BanTreaty，declaringallnuclearteststobeillegalexceptundergroundones，cameintoeffectonOctober10,1963，thesamedayLinusPaulingwasawardedtheNobelPeace.

1．FromthefirstParagraph，welearnthatLinusPauling________.

A．didn’tstudyhardwhileinWashingtonHighSchool

B．istheonlyscientistwhohaswontwoNobelPrizes

C．wasoncebadlytreatedinWashingtonHighSchool

D．chosetostudychemicalengineeringtoearnhisliving

答案　D

解析　细节考查题。

从第一段的最后一句话“Hehadchosentostudyhismajorbecausehecouldgetagoodjobwithit.”我们可以得到正确答案为D选项。

2．WhichofthefollowingthingsdidPaulingpaymuchattentiontoatfirst?

A．The“behavior”ofmolecules.

B．Physicalchemistry.

C．Biologicalchemistry.

D．Thehumanbody.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

从第二段的第二句话“Hisinterestinthe‘behavior’ofmolecules（分子）ledhimfromphysicalchemistrytobiologicalchemistry，especiallyofthehumanbody.”我们可以看出，Pauling的兴趣发生了变化，从physicalchemistry转到了biologicalchemistry上，所以我们可以得出正确答案为B选项。

3．DuringWorldWarⅡ，LinusPauling________.

A．hadtostophisresearchbecauseofthewar

B．madegreatcontributionstothesafetyofthecountry

C．joinedthearmytofightforthesafetyofthecountry

D．tookpartinresearchingnuclearbombs

答案　B

解析　根据第三段的第一句话“DuringWorldWarⅡ，PaulingwasamemberoftheResearchBoardforNationalSecurity，forwhichhewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofMeritin1948.”我们可以得出正确答案为B选项。

4．WhichofthefollowingislegalaccordingtoTheNuclear－Test－BanTreaty?

A．Theuseofnuclearweapons.

B．Testinghydrogenbombontheground.

C．Testinghydrogenbombonunderground.

D．Theproductionofhydrogenbombs.

答案　C

解析　细节考查题。

根据最后一段的最后一句话“Throughhisefforts，TheNuclear－Test－BanTreaty，declaringallnuclearteststobeillegalexceptundergroundones，cameintoeffectonOctober10,1963，thesamedayLinusPaulingwasawardedtheNobelPeace.”我们可以得出正确答案为C选项。

5．Themainideaofthepassageistoshow________.

A．LinusPauling’sattitudetowardsnuclearweapons

B．LinusPauling’scontributionstotheworld

C．LinusPauling’sresearchonthestructureofmolecules

D．LinusPauling’sgottheNobelPrizeforPeace

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

本文主要介绍了LinusPauling一生的成就及其对世界的贡献，所以应该选择B选项。

facen．脸；面部表情；表面

生义：

v.面对；面向，朝着

1．Hefacedtheproblemseriously.

他认真地面对那个问题。

2．Helivesinahousefacing（tothe）south.

他住在一所面朝南的房子里。

PeriodTwo　LanguagePoints

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．Wecanconcludefromwhathesaidthatheisagoodmanager.

2．Thebabiesarewellattendedtointhenursery.

3．Thepolicesuspectedthatsomeonehadbrokenintothehouseandstolenthepicture.

4．Theriverhasbeenpollutedbyallkindsofindustrialwaste.

5．Thenewcanalwilllinkthetworivers.

6．Twoteacherswillinstruct（教导）andtakecareofthestudentsafterclass.

7．Plantsabsorb（吸收）carbondioxidefromtheairandreleaseoxygen.

8．Mymotherwasverysevere（严厉的）withme.

9．Therolewillbethebiggestchallenge（挑战）ofhisactingcareer.

10．Itishardtoforesee（预知）whatwillhappen.

Ⅱ.句型转换

1．Therewasaseriousaccidentyesterday.Luckilynobodydied.

Luckily,therewasnodeathintheseriousaccidentthathappenedyesterday.

2．Timelostwillreturnnomore.

Timelostwon’treturnanymore.

3．ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.

Themanwho/thatwasseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.

4．Itseemedthateveryonewassatisfied.

Everyoneseemedtobesatisfied.

5．Hesoldhisbikesothathecouldhavemoneytobuyfood.

Tohavemoneytobuyfood，hesoldhisbike.

Ⅲ.语境活用

1．用defeat,beat或win的适当形式填空。

（1）Wedefeated/beatthematfootballmatchyesterday.

（2）Inthatbattle,oursoldiersdefeatedtheenemy.

（3）Wewonthefootballgameyesterday.

（4）Marywonthefirstprizeforswimming.

解析　defeat可表示在战斗、竞争、比赛、辩论中击败对手，后接sb.；beat主要用于比赛、竞争中击败对手，后接sb.；win意为“获胜，赢得”，所赢得的对象是比赛、战斗、奖品和荣誉等。

2．用join,joinin,takepartin或attend的适当形式填空。

（1）Pleasejoinusinplayingbasketball.

（2）Hejoinedthearmyattheageof18.

（3）Ifirstjustwatchedthegame，andthenwasinvitedtojoin_in.

（4）Sheissuretoattendthewedding.

（5）Theoldmantook_part_inthestudents’movementswhenhewasyoung.

解析　join是指“加入”到某一组织、团体、党派等，并成为其中一员。

joinin指参加到某些人当中去做某事，这项活动往往正在进行着。

joinsb.in（doing）sth.表示“参加某人所从事的活动”。

takepartin是指参加到某一活动中去（如群众性活动、会议等），重在说明句子的主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。

attend是正式用语，指参加会议、婚礼、典礼、听报告、讲座等，一般指成为观众或听众。

3．用announce或declare的适当形式填空。

（1）Theyannouncedthatshewouldgiveoneextrasong.

（2）Theresultsoftheelectionwillbedeclaredsoon.

（3）Theuseofcertainchemicalshasnowbeendeclaredillegal.

解析　announce指对公众或特定人群进行宣布，常指大家感兴趣的事。

declare指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度。

Ⅳ.语法填空

Onceuponatimetherewasarichmerchant1.________hadfourwives.Helovedthefourthwifethemost.Hetookgreatcareofherandgavehernothing2.________thebest.Healsolovedthethirdwifeverymuch.Hewasvery3.________（pride）ofherandalwayswantedtoshowoffhertohisfriends.Healsolovedhissecondwife.Sheis4.________veryconsiderateperson，alwayspatientandinfactisthemerchant’sclosefriend.5.________themerchantfacedsomeproblems，heal