非谓语知识点.docx

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非谓语知识点.docx

非谓语知识点

非谓语知识点

非谓语、独立主格

非谓语

Icamehereatsix.简单句

Icamehereatsixtomeethim.不定式作非谓语

Icamehereatsix,carryingmynotebook.动名词作非谓语

Icamehereatsix,worried.分词作非谓语

 

非谓语的三种形式

不定式todo

Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion.

动名词doing

Seeingisbelieving.

分词doing/done(现在分词或过去分词)

(Wewere)Borntowin.

Diligenceisthepathleadingtohappiness.

不定式

1)不定式在句中的作用

Nottoadvanceistogoback.

主语表语

Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.

宾语

Mydreamtobecomeastarnevercametrue.

定语

Englishisdifficulttolearn.

补语

Shecameatlast,onlytofindthereisnothingtoeat.

状语

Idon’tknowwhattodo.

宾语

Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tquitelikethemovie.

状语

 

2)不定式的时态与语态

四种形式

主动

被动

一般式

todo

tobedone

完成式

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

进行式

tobedoing

/

完成进行式

tohavebeendoing

/

3)不定式5大易犯错误

.That’snormaltomakemistakes.wrong

把that改成it

It’snormaltomakemistakes.

形式主语主语

It+todosth.(形式主语)

It’salwayseasytosaybuthardtodo.

Ifindithardtohatehim.

形式宾语宾语

Idon’tknowiftohelphimornot.Wrong

Idon’tknowwhethertohelphimornot.

表示是否时,只能用whether,不用if

v.+(what/who/which/how/when/where/whether)+todo

 

.Iappreciateyoutohelpmesomuch.Wrong

appreciate后不能加不定式

应改成:

Iappreciateyourhelping.

Iappreciateyourhelp.

这些动词后只能加不定式

afford,aim,appear,bother,care,happen,

force,permit,enable,

longdesire,determine,expect,hope,promise,

fail,hesitate,prepare,pretend,refuse,endeavor,

seem,tend,ought,…

Ineedsomepapertowrite.Wrong

towrite作定语修饰paper,把paper带进去writeonthepaper

Ineedsomepapertowriteon.

Ihavealettertowrite.

Ineedsomepapertowriteon.

Ineedapentowritewith.

Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.Wrong

savemoney的逻辑主语是人,而句子的主语是everymeans逻辑不一致

应改成:

Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.

TolearnEnglishwell,(字典必不可缺。

heshouldhaveadictionary

heneedsadictionary

不能写成adictionaryisnecessary

4.不定式to省略的2种情况

感官动词之后

see,watch,observe,notice,hear,feel

+do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;

Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.看他工作劳动的整个过程

+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性

Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.看他工作这件事,看到的是片段,不是全过程

注:

感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词

Thecaketastesgood;Itfeelscomfortable.

 

使役动词have/bid/make/let等词后

I’dliketohaveLeondoit.

 

注:

感官动词和使役动词变被动,需要还原to

Amanwasseentoentertheshop.

被动的时候一定要把省略的to加上

真题链接(题号为在真题中的顺序)

68.Mrs.Brownissupposed________forItalylastweek.(1990-1)

A)tohaveleft

B)tobeleaving

C)toleave

D)tohavebeenleft

61.Mr.Johnsonpreferred________heavierworktodo.(1993-6)

A)tobegiven

B)tobegiving

C)tohavegiven

D)havinggiven

47.ThereismorelandinAustraliathanthegovernmentknows________.(1989-1)

A)whattodowith

B)howtodo

C)todowithit

D)todoit

87.Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivities________________(为地震幸存者筹款)。

(2011-12)

toraisemoneyforthesurvivorsoftheearthquake

87.___________________________(为了确保他参加会议),Icalledhimupinadvance.(2010-12)

(Inorder)Toensurehimtoattendthemeeting

Toensurehisattendanceatthemeeting

 

动名词

1.动名词在句中的作用

Collectingstampsismyhobby.

主语

Idreamaboutbeingwithyouforever.

宾语

Myjobisprotectingyou.

表语

2.只能加动名词的情况

这些动词后

admit,advise,appreciate,avoid,ban,

consider,delay,deny,discuss,dislike,enjoy,

endure,escape,excuse,finish,forbid,forgive,

imagine,keep,mention,mind,miss,pardon,

permit,practise,prevent,prohibit,risk

这些动词短语后

can’thelp,feellike,

putoff,giveup,keepon

objectto,payattentionto,stickto,getdownto开始认真做,be[get]usedto习惯于,leadto导致,bedevotedto致力于,专用于,taketo开始喜欢做,beopposedto,

这里的to都是介词,因此后面加动名词

这些表达后

it'snogood;it'sno/little/hardlyanyuse;

it‘sworthwhile;spendmoney/time;

there’snopointin(干某事没有意义);

there'snothingworsethan...

3.动名词的时态语态

一般形式:

IlikewatchingTV.doing

完成形式:

Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.havingdone

被动形式:

Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.beingdone

真题链接

89.Welookforwardto(被邀请出席开幕式).(2010-06)

beinginvitedtoattendtheopeningceremony

48.Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers________amatchwithoutastandardcourt.(1991-6)

A)objectedtohaving

B)wereobjectedtohave

C)objectedtohave

D)wereobjectedtohaving

68.Shewassoangrythatshefeltlike.somethingathim.(1992-6)

A).tothrow

B)throwing

C)tohavethrown

D)havingthrown

51.Iappreciate________toyourhome.(1991-6)

A)tobeinvited

B)tohaveinvited

C)havinginvited

D)beinginvited

69.Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofasinashortperiodoftime.(cet4)

A)beingcreated

B)tohavebeencreated

C))havingbeencreated

D)tobecreated

补充1:

动名词与不定式都可以作主语、宾语、表语,它们有什么区别?

Swimmingismyfavoritesport.

ToswimwithJaneiswhatI’mgoingtodothisafternoon.

动名词:

泛指的、经常性的

不定式:

具体的、一次性的、将来的

补充2:

这些动词后即可加不定式,也可加动名词,有什么区别

.demand,deserve,need,require,want表需要的动词

v.+doing/tobedone意思一致,无区别

Mycarneedsrepairing.=Mycarneedstoberepaired.

48.Yourhairwants________.You’dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.(1997-6)

A)cut

B)tocut

C)cutting

D)beingcut

也可以说tobecut

.remember,forget,regret,

v.+不定式,表示记得/忘记/后悔/…要去做某事

v.+动名词,表示记得/忘记/后悔…做过某事

64.Johnregretted________tothemeetinglastweek.(1990-1)

A)notgoing

B)nottogo

C)nothavingbeengoing

D)nottobegoing

43.I’llneverforget________youforthefirsttime.(2001-1)

A)tomeet

B)meeting

C)tohavemet

D)havingtobemeeting

Don’tforgettowalkthedogwhileIamaway,(1993-1)

.stop,continue,goon

v+不定式,表示停下/继续去做另一事

v+动名词,表示停下/继续正在做的事

(2005-1)

Tonyshouldcontinuetakingthecourse.现在上课,继续上课

Theywillcontinuetoexistalongwithon-lineeducation.以前不存在,现在有了,并且将继续存在

.try

try+不定式,表示作了一番努力,试图完成某事

try+动名词,表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。

I’lltrytocometomorrow.我明天设法来。

Let’stryknockingatthebackdoor.咱们敲敲后门试试。

.mean

mean+不定式,表示打算(想要)做某事

mean+动名词,表示意味着…

Hedidnotmeantohurtyou.他不是有意要伤害你。

Thisillnesswillmeangoingtohospital.得了这种病就意味着要住院。

 

分词

现在分词doing:

表示主动的,正在进行的动作

过去分词done:

表示被动的,已完成的动作

 

分词在句中的作用

afallenleaf

afallingleaf

作定语修饰leaf,看动作进行中还是已完成决定

Thereisnothingleft.

Thereisnothinginteresting.

作nothing补语,看分词与nothing的关系决定

Shelookedtiredwithcooking.

Youareamazing.

作表语,看分词与主语的主被动关系决定

Havingalreadybeentoldmanytimes,hefinallychangethebadhabit.

Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.

作状语,看分词与主句主语的主被动关系

作插入语

Generallyspeaking,

talkingof…

judgingfrom…

 

真题链接

inthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodisappointing.(2000-01)

A)Tolookat

B)Lookingat

C)Lookedat

D)Tobelookedat

47.________withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.(1990-1)

A)Whencompared

B)Compare

C)Whilecomparing

D)Comparing

46.________inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling$21,000.(2001-1)

A)Judgedthebest

B)Judgingthebest

C)Tobejudgedthebest

D)Havingjudgedthebest

独立主格

Hewentoff,holdingaguninhishand.

非谓语,主语一致

Hewentoff,gunheldinhand.

独立主格,带有自己主语的非谓语

Hewentoff,guninhand.

独立主格,带有自己主语

在分句部分有自己的主语的,叫做独立主格

分词主被动取决于与其主语的关系

真题链接

68.Anewtechnique________,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.

A)wordingout

B)havingwordedout

C)havingbeenwordedout

D)tohavebeenwordedout

55.Thechildrenwenttheretowatchtheirontower________.(1990-1)

A)toerect

B)beerected

C)erecting

D)beingerected

58Theprojectbytheendof2010,willexpandthecity’stelephonenetworktocover1,000,000users.(1999-06)

A)accomplished

B)beingaccomplished

C)tobeaccomplished

D)havingbeenaccomplished

 

非谓语口诀

a.非谓语不做谓语

(换而言之,它就可以做主语,或其实修饰的成分,例如定、补、状、表、插入语等)

b.不定式动名词都可以用时:

不定式表将来的,特指的;动名词表示经常性的、泛指的

c.分词:

现在分词主动的,正在进行的

过去分词被动的,已完成的

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