非谓语知识点.docx

1、非谓语知识点非谓语知识点非谓语、独立主格非谓语I came here at six. 简单句I came here at six to meet him. 不定式作非谓语I came here at six, carrying my notebook. 动名词作非谓语I came here at six, worried. 分词作非谓语非谓语的三种形式不定式 to doTo be or not to be, that is a question. 动名词 doingSeeing is believing. 分词 doing/ done（现在分词或过去分词）(We were ) Born to

2、win. Diligence is the path leading to happiness.不定式1）不定式在句中的作用Not to advance is to go back.主语 表语He promised not to tell anyone about it. 宾语My dream to become a star never came true. 定语English is difficult to learn. 补语She came at last, only to find there is nothing to eat. 状语I dont know what to do. 宾

3、语To tell you the truth, I dont quite like the movie. 状语2）不定式的时态与语态四种形式主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/3）不定式5大易犯错误. Thats normal to make mistakes. wrong把that 改成 it Its normal to make mistakes. 形式主语 主语It + to do sth. (形式主语)Its always easy to

4、 say but hard to do.I find it hard to hate him. 形式宾语 宾语I dont know if to help him or not. Wrong I dont know whether to help him or not. 表示是否时，只能用whether, 不用ifv.+ (what/who/which/how/when/where/whether) + to do. I appreciate you to help me so much. Wrong appreciate 后不能加不定式应改成：I appreciate your helpin

5、g. I appreciate your help. 这些动词后只能加不定式afford, aim, appear, bother, care, happen, force, permit, enable,long desire, determine, expect, hope, promise, fail, hesitate, prepare, pretend, refuse, endeavor, seem, tend, ought, I need some paper to write. Wrongto write 作定语修饰paper, 把paper 带进去 write on the p

6、aper I need some paper to write on.I have a letter to write. I need some paper to write on. I need a pen to write with. To save money, every means has been tried. Wrongsave money 的逻辑主语是人，而句子的主语是every means 逻辑不一致应改成：To save money, he has tried every means.To learn English well, (字典必不可缺。)he should hav

7、e a dictionary he needs a dictionary 不能写成a dictionary is necessary 4. 不定式to省略的2种情况感官动词之后see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 看他工作劳动的整个过程+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 看他工作这件事，看到的是片段，不是全过程注：感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词The

8、 cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.使役动词 have/bid/make/let 等词后Id like to have Leon do it. 注：感官动词和使役动词变被动，需要还原toA man was seen to enter the shop. 被动的时候一定要把省略的to 加上真题链接 （题号为在真题中的顺序）68 Mrs. Brown is supposed _ for Italy last week. （1990-1）A) to have leftB) to be leavingC) to leaveD) to have been le

9、ft61. Mr. Johnson preferred _ heavier work to do. （1993-6）A) to be givenB) to be givingC) to have givenD) having given47. There is more land in Australia than the government knows _. （1989-1）A) what to do withB) how to doC) to do with itD) to do it87. Charity groups organized various activities _ (为

10、地震幸存者筹款)。(2011-12) to raise money for the survivors of the earthquake87. _(为了确保他参加会议), I called him up in advance. (2010-12) (In order) To ensure him to attend the meeting To ensure his attendance at the meeting 动名词1 动名词在句中的作用Collecting stamps is my hobby.主语I dream about being with you forever. 宾语My

11、 job is protecting you. 表语2只能加动名词的情况这些动词后admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, ban, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, endure, escape, excuse, finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, practise, prevent, prohibit, risk这些动词短语后cant help, feel like, put off,

12、give up, keep on object to, pay attention to, stick to, get down to 开始认真做, be get used to 习惯于, lead to 导致, be devoted to 致力于，专用于， take to 开始喜欢做, be opposed to, 这里的to都是介词，因此后面加动名词这些表达后its no good; its no/little/hardly any use; its worthwhile; spend money/time; theres no point in(干某事没有意义); theres noth

13、ing worse than .3 动名词的时态语态一般形式：I like watching TV. doing完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. having done被动形式：This question is far from being settled. being done 真题链接89. We look forward to (被邀请出席开幕式). (2010-06) being invited to attend the opening ceremony 48. The match was cancelled because mo

14、st of the members _ a match without a standard court. （1991-6）A) objected to havingB) were objected to haveC) objected to haveD) were objected to having68. She was so angry that she felt like . something at him. （1992-6）A). to throwB) throwingC) to have thrownD) having thrown51. I appreciate _ to yo

15、ur home. (1991-6)A) to be invited B) to have invitedC) having invitedD) being invited69. Our modern civilization must not be thought of as in a short period of time. (cet4)A) being createdB) to have been createdC) having been createdD) to be created补充1: 动名词与不定式都可以作主语、宾语、表语，它们有什么区别？Swimming is my fav

16、orite sport. To swim with Jane is what Im going to do this afternoon. 动名词：泛指的、经常性的不定式：具体的、一次性的、将来的补充2：这些动词后即可加不定式，也可加动名词，有什么区别. demand, deserve, need, require, want 表需要的动词v. + doing / to be done 意思一致，无区别My car needs repairing. = My car needs to be repaired. 48. Your hair wants _. Youd better have it

17、 done tomorrow. （1997-6）A) cutB) to cutC) cuttingD) being cut也可以说to be cut. remember, forget, regret, v. + 不定式，表示 记得/忘记/后悔/ 要去做某事v. + 动名词，表示记得/忘记/后悔 做过某事64. John regretted _ to the meeting last week. (1990-1)A) not goingB) not to goC) not having been goingD) not to be going43. Ill never forget _ you

18、 for the first time. (2001-1)A) to meetB) meetingC) to have metD) having to be meetingDont forget to walk the dog while I am away, (1993-1). stop, continue, go onv+ 不定式，表示停下/继续 去做另一事v+ 动名词，表示停下/ 继续 正在做的事(2005-1)Tony should continue taking the course. 现在上课，继续上课They will continue to exist along with o

19、n-line education. 以前不存在，现在有了，并且将继续存在. trytry + 不定式，表示作了一番努力，试图完成某事try + 动名词，表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。Ill try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来。Lets try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。 . mean mean + 不定式，表示打算(想要)做某事mean + 动名词，表示意味着He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这

20、种病就意味着要住院。 分词现在分词doing：表示主动的，正在进行的动作过去分词done：表示被动的，已完成的动作分词在句中的作用a fallen leafa falling leaf作定语修饰leaf, 看动作进行中还是已完成决定There is nothing left. There is nothing interesting.作nothing补语，看分词与nothing 的关系决定She looked tired with cooking.You are amazing. 作表语，看分词与主语的主被动关系决定Having already been told many times, he

21、 finally change the bad habit. Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 作状语，看分词与主句主语的主被动关系作插入语Generally speaking, talking ofjudging from真题链接 in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing. (2000-01)A) To look atB) Looking atC) Looked atD) To be looked at47. _ with the size of t

22、he whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. （1990-1）A) When comparedB) CompareC) While comparingD) Comparing46. _ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000. (2001-1)A) Judged the bestB) Judging the bestC) To be judged the bestD

23、) Having judged the best独立主格He went off, holding a gun in his hand. 非谓语，主语一致He went off, gun held in hand. 独立主格，带有自己主语的非谓语He went off, gun in hand. 独立主格，带有自己主语在分句部分有自己的主语的，叫做独立主格分词主被动取决于与其主语的关系真题链接68. A new technique _, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.A) wording outB) having worded ou

24、tC) having been worded outD) to have been worded out55. The children went there to watch the iron tower _. (1990-1)A) to erectB) be erectedC) erectingD) being erected58 The project by the end of 2010, will expand the citys telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users. (1999-06)A) accomplished B) being accomplishedC) to be accomplishedD) having been accomplished非谓语口诀a. 非谓语不做 谓语 （换而言之, 它就可以做主语，或其实修饰的成分，例如定、补、状、表、插入语等）b. 不定式动名词都可以用时：不定式表将来的，特指的； 动名词表示经常性的、泛指的c. 分词： 现在分词主动的，正在进行的 过去分词被动的，已完成的