科技英语考试.docx

科技英语考试.docx

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科技英语考试

西安电子科技大学

研究生课程考试试题

考试科目:

研究生专业英语阅读　课程代码：

0821004

考试日期：

05年12月31日考试时间：

100分

Partone:

SentenceTranslation（30%）

1.为此，必须对电路（circuit）的基本内容有一个很好的了解。

2.这个系数（coefficient）有待确定。

3.现有的教科书均没有提这一点。

4.由于反馈（feedback）在电子线路（electroniccircuit）中起着重要作用，所以对它的研究极为重要。

5.有迹象表明，计算机的价格将进一步下跌。

6.这个方法的确管用，不过到底该在什么情况下使用它尚不清楚。

7.十年前该厂的产量比现在高五倍。

8.激光（laser）是二十世纪六十年代引入的一项新技术，它能穿透（pierce）特别硬的物质。

9.为使晶体管（transistor）正常工作，必须给其电极（electrode）加（apply）上合适的电压（voltage）。

10.代表磁场（magneticfield）的磁力线（magneticlineofforce）是一些围绕该导线的同心圆（concentriccircle）。

11.我们所谓的机器人（robot）实际上是能为人类做工的一种工具。

12.这类天线（antenna）和那类天线相比的优点是结构简单，效率高。

13.半导体（semiconductor）对光和热都很敏感（sensitive），这两者都对导电率（conductivity）影响很大。

14.只有通过对系统性能进行研究我们才能了解其优缺点。

15.本书既讲了实际的设计方法，同时也讲述了理论问题，而重点放在一般概念上。

Parttwo:

MistakesCorrection（30%）（Writedownthecorrectedsentenceontheanswersheet.）

1.Weareeasytodeterminetheeffectofnewdrugtopatient.

2.Thedirectionofanelectriccurrentwasdecidedbeforeelectronswerenotdiscovered.

3.Soundtravelmuchlessfasterthanlightis.

4.Thepriceforthisinstrumentisexpensive.

5.Thereareafewexceptionsforthisrule.

6.Thehotterthebodywillbe,themoreitradiatesenergy.

7.Thefeatureofthisdeviceissmallinsizeandlightinweight.

8.Thatprofessorisveryinterestinginthistopic.

9.Oursemiconductorindustrycomesintobeingattheendof1950s.

10.Thebothengineersarebusytodesignatypeofnewcomputer.

11.Workequalstoforcemultiplyingdistance.

12.Thenewdesigninstrumentisingoodquality.

13.Theabilityforsomeelementstogiveoffradiationsisreferredastheradioactivity.

Partthree:

Readthisarticle,translatetheunderlinedsentences（15%）,answerthequestions（15%）andthensummarizethisarticlewithin100words（10%）.

TheDazzleofLasers（激光）

Theacronym（首字母缩写词）"laser,"describeshowthedeviceworks:

LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.In1916Einsteinpredictedthatelectrons（电子）inanatomcouldbedeliberatelystimulatedtoemitphotons（光子）（lightenergy）ofacertainwavelength.Hewasright.Thelasermustfirstbe"pumped"withenergyinavarietyofwayssothattheelectronsareexcitedintohigherenergystates.Butthesehighenergyelectronsareunstable--andfallbacktoalowerenergylevel.Onthewaydown,theirextraenergyisreleased（释放）aslight.Thatlightiscapturedinsidethelaserandamplifiedbybouncingitbackandforthbetweenmirrors.Thelaserbeamthatemergesisamplified,monochromatic（单色的）,coherentlight--anditshineswithanunearthlypower.

Notuntil1960didTheodoreMaiman,a33-year-oldengineeratHughesResearchLaboratories,buildahomelyfour-inchcylindercontainingarubyrodencircledbyaflashtube:

theworld'sfirstworkinglaser.

Morethantwodecadeslater,thelaserhaswroughtatechnologicalrevolution.Lasersareanindispensabletoolfordelicateeyesurgery,anddoctorsareusinglasersexperimentallytodestroycanceroustumors（肿瘤）,unclog（使畅通）diseasedarteries（动脉）andeventreatherpes（疱疹）.Justastheyprovidenewtoolsforhealthcare,however,theyalsomakepossiblenewenginesofdestruction:

recentlyDr.EdwardTeller,thefatherofthehydrogenbomb（氢弹）,calledonPresidentReagontourgethattheUnitedStatesbuildaspace-basedlaser-weaponsystemthatwoulduseanuclearbombtofirebrutallyintenselaserX-raysagainstenemymissilesinflight.

TodaypilotsflyingthenewBoeing767and757aircraftnavigatewiththeaidofnewlasergyroscopes（陀螺仪）.Supermarketclerksuselaserstoringuppricesatthecheckoutcounterby"reading"universalbar-codes（条形码）printedonpackagesandcannedgoods.Powerfullaserscutandweld（焊）steelinfactoriesfromDetroittoTokyo.Artistsandfilmmakersarebeginningtouselasersforanimation（动画）:

atLucasfilm,GeorgeLucashasateamofcomputerwizards（奇才）developingamachinethatusesacomputer-drivenlasertodrawanimatedimagesonfilm;asecondfilm,withhumanactors,isthenmergedbylaserwiththegraphicsintoasingleseamless（无缝的）whole.

Howdoesthelaserwork?

Anyonewhohaseverfocusedsunlightthroughamagnifyingglassandwatchedpaperordryleavessnapintoflamesunderstandsthepowerofconcentratedlight.Laserlightisintense,concentratedlight,too,butitworksonadifferentprinciple.Shinesunlightthroughaprism（棱镜）anditbreaksintothegloriouscolorsoftherainbow.Inthescientists'vocabulary,sunlightis"incoherent"--itismadeupofamixofwavelengthsspanningthespectrum（光谱）frominfrared（红外线）toultraviolet（紫外线）.Laserlight,ontheotherhand,ismonochromaticandcoherent－itshinesatasinglewavelength,andallthelightwavesmarchtogetherinsteplikesoldiersonparade（游行）.

Inthetwodecadessinceitsinvention,thelaserhasundergoneadramatictransformation:

awidevarietyofgas,solid-state,diode（二极管）andotherlasershasbeencreated.Eachshinesatadifferentwavelength;somepulseonandoff,othersoperatecontinuously.

Whenthelasermovedoutofthelaboratory,oneofitsfirstandmostsignificantapplicationswasasamedicaltool.Lasersarecommonlyusedfordelicatesurgeryinsidetheeye.Intreatingblood-vesseldisordersresultingfromcomplications（并发症）ofdiabetes（糖尿病）,doctorsaimafinebeamofargonlaserlight（氩激光）throughthepupil（瞳孔）oftheeyeandplaceupto2000tinylaserburnsverycloselyaroundthebackportionoftheretina（视网膜）.Theselaser"welds"preventharmfulgrowthorrupture（断裂）ofnew,unwantedbloodvessels.

Theverypropertiesthatmakelasersdangerous--powerandheat--arealsobeingputtousetodestroysomekindsofbrainandspinal（脊髓的）tumors.Lasershavebroughtanewfrontiertoneurosurgery（神经外科）.Theyhavemadesomeinoperabletumorsoperableandhigh-risktumorslesshighrisk.

Warfareisalsochangingaslasertechnologyadvances.Laserguidancesystemshavebroughtonceunimaginableaccuracytoartillery（炮）.Inthenearfuture,higher-intensitylasersmaybeusedtoblindtheelectronicsensorysystemsofaircraft,missiles,tanksandships.Andultimately,somevisionariesinsists,theglobecouldbesurroundedbyaplatoon（排）oforbitingbattlestationsarmedwithlaserscapableofdestroyingplanesandmissileswithinsecondsoftheirbeinglaunched.

Justastheyareopeningnewdoorstomedicineandmilitarypractices,lasersarealsohavingaprofoundimpactoncommunications.Insteadofsunbeams,today'slight-wavecommunicationsystemsuselaserlightricochetingthroughtinyglassfibers.Lasersgeneratelightwavesatextraordinarilyhighfrequencies--intherangeoftrillionsofcyclespersecond--whichmakesitpossibletotransmitenormousquantitiesofinformation.Inaddition,fiber-opticcablesarecheaperthancopperwireandarenotsubjecttoelectromagneticinterference,ortheannoyingcrosstalk（串话）andstaticthatplague（折磨）currentsystems.Thebigbreakthroughwasthesemiconductorlaser.

Somedaylaserlightmaybepipedthroughgiantopticcablesintodeepoceanwaterstocreateunderseafarms;itmaybebeamedintospacetotalktoorbitingspacestations.LasersalsomaybeusedtofireextremelypreciselightpulsesatDNAmolecules,alteringthestructureofchromosomes（染色体）andtherebyrepairingdefectivegenes--orevencreatingnewformsoflife.Andeventuallybillionsoflaserswilllinktheworldinavastinformationnetwork,aglobalvillageoflight.

1.Howdoesthelaserwork?

2.Whatisthedifferencebetweensunlightandthelaser?

3.Isthelaserabsolutelysafe?

Ifnot,pleaseexplain.

4.Whataretheadvantagesofthesemiconductorlaserinthecommunicationsfield?

5.Inwhatfieldsisthelaserapplied?

西安电子科技大学

研究生课程考试试题

考试科目:

研究生专业英语阅读　课程代码：

0821004

考试日期：

05年12月31日考试时间：

100分

KEY：

Partone:

1.Forthispurpose,itisnecessarytohaveagoodunderstandingofthefundamentalsofthecircuit.

2.Thiscoefficientremainstobedetermined.

3.Noneofthetextbookavailablementionsthispoint.

4.Sincefeedbackplaysanimportantroleintheelectroniccircuit,itsstudyisveryimportant.

5.Thereisanindicationthatthepriceofcomputerswillfallfurther.

6.Thismethoddoeswork,butitisnotclearinwhatconditionitisthatitshouldbeused.

7.Theoutputofthisfactory10yearsagois6timeswhatitisnow.

8.Anewtechnologyintroducedinthe1960s,lasercanpierceveryhardsubstances.

9.Forthetransistortoworknormally,itisnecessarytoapplyapropervoltageacrosstheelectrode.

10.Themagneticlinesofforcerepresentingthemagneticfieldaresomeconcentriccirclessurroundingthewire.

11.Whatiscalledarobotisatoolwhichcandoworkforthehumanbeing.

12.Thistypeofantennahastheadvantagesoverthatoneofsimplestructureandhighefficiency.

13.Semiconductorsaresensitivetolightandhear,bothofwhichhaveagreatimpactonconductivity.

14.Onlythroughastudyofthesystem’sperformanceisitpossibletoknowitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.

15.Thisbookdiscussesbothpracticaldesignmethodandtheoreticalproblemswithemphasisonthebasicconcept.

Parttwo:

1.Itiseasytodeterminetheeffectofthenewdrugonthepatient.

2.Thedirectionoftheelectriccurrenthadbeendecidedbeforeelectronswerediscovered.

3.Soundtravelsmuchmoreslowlythatlightdoes.

4.Thisinstrumentisexpensive.

5.Thereareafewexceptionstothisrule.

6.Thehotterthebodyis,themoreenergyitradiates.

7.Thisdeviceissmallandlight.

8.Thatprofessorismuchinterestedinthistopic.

9.Oursemiconductorindustrycameintobeingattheendofthe1950s.

10.Boththeengineersarebusydesigninganewtypeofcomputer.

11.Workequalsforcemultipliedbydistance.

12.Thenewlydesignedinstrume