决胜英语六级阅读试题含答案.docx

决胜英语六级阅读试题含答案.docx

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决胜英语六级阅读试题含答案

决胜英语六级阅读试题含答案4

4

Runningafeverwasoncethoughttobetheprerogativeofwarmbloodedcreatures,whoseinternaltemperaturesareindpendentoftheweather.But,asMatthewKlugerreportedin“TheImportanceofBeingFeverish”（January1976）,lizardscanalsodevelopfevers,eventhoughthereisnoquestionthattheyarecoldblooded.Theyraisetheirtemperaturesbymovingintothesunor,inthecaseofKluger’sexperiments,underasunlamp.Anditseemstodothemsomegood.Sicklizardskeptincagesatfeverishtemperaturesfaremuchbetterthantheircounterpartsinnormalandcoolenvironments.

Now,feverhasspreadtoinvertebrates（无脊椎动物）.Recentstudieshaveshownthatcrayfishandscorpionscandevelopfevers.Crayfishinjectedwithbacteriaandscorpionsinjectedwithprostaglandins（前列腺素）swamandscuttledtohotareas.（Prostaglandinsarehormonesthoughttobeinstrumentalinthedevelopmentofafever.）

Evidenceisalsomountingthatmoderatefevershavetheirbenefits,whichmightexplainwhythefeverprocessissowidespread.Leukocytes,whitebloodcellsthatareactiveinfightingbacterialinfections,aremoremobileatfebriletemperatures.Andfeversreducetheamountofironavailabletobacteria.Thatreduction,combinedwithhightemperatures,hasbeenshowntoinhibitbacterialgrowth.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Coldbloodedanimalscandevelopfevers.

B.Therearebenefitstodevelopingfevers.

C.Feversinhibitbacterialgrowth.

D.Lizardscandevelopfevers.

2.Feverscause____.

A.prostaglandinstobeformed

B.irontobemadeavailabletobacteria

C.leukocytestobemoremobile

D.lizardstobecoldbloodedanimals

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Developingfeveristheprivilegeofwarmbloodedanimals,sosicklizardscannotrunafever.

B.Invertebratesalsohavetheabilitytoraisetheirtemperature.

C.Theinternaltemperaturesofwarmbloodedcreaturesareindependentoftheweather,soarethecoldbloodedanimal.

D.Sicklizardsmoveintothesuntodevelopfever.

4.Thepassageimpliesthat____.

A.thefeverprocessiswidespreadbecausemoderatefevershavebenefits

B.thereductionoffeverscaninhibitbacterialgrowth

C.mancanusesunlamptoraiselizards’temperature

D.Crayfishinjectedwithbacteriahaveapurposeformovingtohotareas

5.Scorpionsinjectedwithprostaglandinsmovetohotareasto____.

A.engageingreateractivity

B.seekoutamoreironenvironment

C.demonstratethattheyareill

D.developafeverandfightbacterialinfections

2

IntheCaucasusregionoftheSovietUnion,nearly50outofevery100,000peoplelivetocelebratetheir100thbirthday,andmanydon’tstopat100.Bycomparison,inAmericaonly3peoplein100,000reach100.ButtheseSovietoldpeoplearen’talone.ThePakistaniHunzas,wholivehighintheHimalayaMountains,andtheVilcabambansoftheAndesMountainsinEcuadorseemtosharethesecretoflonglifetoo.

Thesepeoplesremainhealthyinbodyandspiritdespitethepassageoftime.Whilemanyolderpersonsinindustrialsocietiesbecomeweakandillintheir60sand70s,someSovietGeorgians,aged110to140,workinthefieldsbesidetheirgreatgreatgrandchildren.Eventheideaofagingisforeigntothem.Whenasked,“Atwhatagedoesyouthend?

”mostoftheseoldpeoplehadnoanswer.Severalreplied,“Well,perhapsatage80.”Theveryyoungestestimatewasage60.

Whataccountsforthisabilitytosurvivetosucholdage,andtosurvivesowell?

Firstofall,hardphysicalworkisawayoflifeforalloftheselonglivedpeoples.Theybegintheirlongdaysofphysicallaboraschildrenandneverseemtostop.Forexample,Mr.RustamMamedovis142yearsofage.Heremembershislifeexperiences:

theCrimeanWarof1854;theTurkishWarof1878;theBolshevikRevolutionin1917.Hiswifeis116yearsold.Theyhavebeenmarriedfor90years.Mr.Mamedovhasnointentionsofretiringfromhislifeasafarmer.“Why?

WhatelsewouldIdo?

”heasks.Oh,he’ssloweddownabit.Nowhemightquitforthedayafter6hoursinthefieldinsteadof10.

Allthesepeoplegethealthfulrewardsfromtheenvironmentinwhichtheywork.Theyallcomefrommountainousregions.Theyliveandworkatelevationsof5,000to12,000feet（1,660to4,000meters）abovesealevel.Theairhaslessoxygenandispollutionfree.Thisreducedoxygenenvironmentmakestheheartandbloodvesselsystemstronger.

Anotherfactorthatmaycontributetothegoodhealthofthesepeopleistheirisolation.Toagreatextent,theyareseparatedfromthepressuresandworriesofindustrialsociety.

Inheritedfactorsalsoplaysomerole.Mostofthelongestlivedpeopleshadparentsandgrandparentswhoalsoreachedveryoldages.Goodfamilygenesmay,therefore,beonefactorinlivinglonger.

Finally,althoughthesethreegroupsdon’teatexactlythesamefoods,theirdietsaresimilar.TheHunzas,Vilcabambans,andSovietseatlittleanimalmeat.Theirdietsarefulloffreshfruits,vegetables,nuts,grains,cheese,andmilk.Theynevereatmorefoodthantheirbodiesneed.

Itisclearthatisolationfromurbanpressuresandpollution,cleanmountainair,dailyhardwork,moderatediets,goodgenes,andayouthfulapproachtolifeallcontributetothehealthandremarkablelonglifeofallthesepeople.

6.Whatisthemainsubjectofthispassage?

A.Mr.Mamedov’slife.

B.Adescriptionofseveralsocietieswherepeoplelivealongtime.

C.Suggestionsforhowyoucanlivealonglife.

D.Hardphysicalworkisagoodwaytolivealongtime.

7.ThedescriptionofMr.RustamMamedovis____.

A.anexampleofatypicallonglifeamongthesepeople

B.anexampleofanunusuallonglifeamongthesepeople

C.anexplanationofwhyheisstillhealthy

D.anexplanationofwhatwayoflifeweshouldtake

8.Thesubjectofparagraph7is____.

A.isolationB.inheritedfactors

C.foodanddietD.animalmeat

9.Thisarticleconcludesthat____contributetotheremarkablelonglifeofthesepeoples.

A.moderatedietsB.cleanmountainair

C.dailyhardworkD.alltheabovefactors

10.Howdoyouthinktheauthorfeelsabouttheselonglivedpeople?

A.Heisimpressedwiththem.

B.Hedoesn’tcare.

C.Hedoesn’tlikethem.

D.Hecareslittleaboutthem.

3

AuniversitystudentinNairobi,Kenya,wasstoppedforatrafficviolationtheotherday.Thepolicemantookouthisticketbookandasked,“Whattribeareyou?

”InLusaka,Zambia,ayoungmanapplyingforajobwastoldtoseethemanager.Heleanedoverthereceptionist’sdeskandasked,“Whattribeishe?

”WhenthereceptionisttoldhimthatthemanagerwasaMashona,theapplicantreplied,“ThenI’llnevergetthejob.”

Thisphenomenoniscalledtribalism.Therearemorethan2,000tribesinblackAfrica.Eachhasitsownlanguage,customs,names,andphysicalcharacteristicsthatmakeitsmembersalmostimmediatelyrecognizabletoapersonfromanothertribe.TotheWesterner,tribalismisoneofthemostdifficultofAfricancustomstounderstand.Itmakesmanypeoplethinkofsavagery,warfare,oroldfashionedcustoms.

However,tomostAfricans,tribalismsimplymeansverystrongloyaltytoone’sethnicgroup.Itisaforcethatcanbebothgoodandbad.Bydefinitiontribalismmeanssharingamongmembersoftheextendedfamily.Itmakessurethatapersonistakencareofbyhisowngroup.Togiveajobtoafellowtribesmanisnotwrong;itisanobligation.Similarly,forapoliticianormilitaryleader,itisconsideredgoodcommonsensetochoosehisclosestadvisersfrompeopleofhisowntribe.Thisensuressecurity,continuity,authority.Triballoyaltymaymeanaquickpromotion—fromsergeanttocaptain,fromclerktomanager—withinaveryshorttime.

ModernAfricanpoliticianspubliclyspeakoutagainsttribaldivisions.YetitremainsperhapsthemostpowerfulforceindaytodayAfricanlife.Asevidenceoftribalism,in1977inKenya,PresidentJomoKenyatta’sKikuyutribecontrolledbusinessandpolitics.Eightofthe21cabinetposts,includingthemostimportantfour,werefilledbyKikuyus.InUgandainthesameyear,thePresident’ssmallKakwatribefilledalmostallthehighestgovernmentandmilitarypositions.InAngola,Ethiopia,andNigeria,thefightinginthepasttenyearscanbepartlyexplainedbydisagreementsamongtribes.

OnecountrythathaslargelyavoidedtribalproblemsisTanzania.SomeobserverssaythisispartlybecauseTanzaniahassomanytribes（about120）thatnonehasbeenabletobecomeamajorforce.

11.Whydidtheapplicantreply“ThenI’llnevergetthejob?

”

A.BecausehewasaMashona.

B.BecausehewasnotaMashona.

C.Becausehecoulddothejob.

D.Becausehehadnosuchability.

12.Thetwosituationsinparagraph1areexamplesof____.

A.typicalyoungmeninAfrica

B.unusualproblems

C.theimportanceoftribalism

D.theapplicationofjob

13.Accordingtothearticle,whatisthedefinitionoftribalism?

A.Givingajobtoafellowtribesman.

B.Aforcethatcanbebothgoodandbad.

C.Sharingamongmembersoftheextendedfamily.

D.Makingsurethatapersonistakencareofbyhisowngroup.

14.Inparagraph4,howmanyexamplesarethere“asevidenceoftribalism”?

A.Three.B.Two.C.One.D.Four.

15.Inthelastparagraph（about120）isinparenthesestoshow____.

A.thatitisunimportant

B.howmanytribesthereare

C.thatitisalargenumber

D.howmanypeoplethereare

4

Whenpeoplecommunicatefacetoface,theyconveyinformationinseveralwaysapartfrombythewordstheyuse.Thus,howoftentheymake