考研真题一解析版.docx

考研真题一解析版.docx

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考研真题一解析版

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　InCambodiathechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,1thoseoftheyoungwomen,butalsoamatchmaker.Ayoungmancan2alikelyspouseonhisownandthemaskhisparentsto3themarriagenegotiations.ortheyoungman'sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection.4,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.5aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying6agoodfamily.

　　Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays7bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand8prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,9cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride'sandgroom'swrists,and10acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe11.Newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewife'sparentsandmay12withthemuptoayear,13theycanbuildaflewhousenearby.

Divorceislegalandeasyto14,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare

15withsomedisapproval.Eachspouseretains16propertyheorshe17intothemarriage,andjointly-acquiredpropertyis18equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice19up.Thedivorcedmaledoesn'thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry20thewomanmustwaitthemonths.

1.[A]bywayof  [B]aswellas  [C]onbehalfof        [D]withregardto

2.[A]adaptto  [B]providefor      [C]competewith [D]decideon

3.[A]close   [B]renew        [C]arrange        [D]postpone

4.[A]Intheory[B]Aboveall        [C]Intime      [D]Forexample

5.[A]Although[B]Lest        [C]After       [D]Unless

6.[A]into[B]within        [C]from        [D]through

7.[A]since  [B]or        [C]but        [D]so

8.[A]test  [B]copy        [C]recite        [D]create

9.[A]folding [B]piling        [C]wrapping        [D]tying

10.[A]lighting[B]passing        [C]hiding        [D]serving

11.[A]meeting  [B]association        [C]collection        [D]union

12.[A]grow [B]part        [C]deal       [D]live

13.[A]whereas  [B]until        [C]for        [D]if

14.[A]obtain     [B]follow        [C]challenge        [D]avoid

15.[A]isolated    [B]persuaded        [C]viewed        [D]exposed

16.[A]wherever  [B]however        [C]whenever        [D]whatever

17.[A]changed   [B]brought        [C]shaped        [D]pushed

18.[A]divided   [B]invested        [C]donated        [D]withdrawn

19.[A]clears    [B]warms        [C]shows        [D]breaks

20.[A]while [B]sowhat        [C]once        [D]inthat

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

　　France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwoman.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.

　　Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat"inciteexcessivethinness"bypromotingextremedieting.

　　Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupwithimpingingonhealth.That'sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarringthemselvestohealth-assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmovetakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.

　　Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowoman（andmanymen）thattheyshouldnotletothersbeorbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosinezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.

　　TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymesscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.

　　Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardformodelsandfashionimagesthererelymoreonpearpressureforenforcement.

　　IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalcharterclearlystates,weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.Thecharter'smaintollofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagen.Fashionweek,whichismenbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.

　　Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.

　　21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?

　　[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined

　　[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed

　　[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive

　　[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline

　　22.Thephrase"impingingon"（Line2Para2）isclosestinmeaningto

　　[A]heighteningthevalueof

　　[B]indicatingthestateof

　　[C]losingfaithin

　　[D]doingharmto

　　23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry

　　[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed

　　[B]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark

　　[C]Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure

　　[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse

　　24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor

　　[A]settingperfectphysicalconditions

　　[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels'character

　　[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors

　　[D]pursuingahighagethresholdformodels

　　25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

　　[A]AchallengetotheFashionIndustry'sBodyIdeals

　　[B]ADilemmaforthestarvingmodelsinFrance

　　[C]JustAnotherRoundofstruggleforbeauty

　　[D]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

Text2

　　Forthefirsttimeinthehistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate"thecountryside"alongsidetheroyalfamily.ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService（NHS）aswhatmakethemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.

　　AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave"thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever".Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience"arefreshingair".Hill'spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon'tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.

　　Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservatives'planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorizing"off-plan"buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilentonlyusensingitschance,hassideswiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItscampaigntoprotectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalconservativeparties.

　　Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhousesfactoriesandofficesiswherepeopleareincitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroyedrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfofmillionhousesintheLandonareaalonewithnointrusionongreenbelts.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.Theideathat"housingcrisis"equals"concretedmeadows"ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthemunderlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?

　　Developmentshouldbeplanned,notlettrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope'smostcrowedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenableittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative-thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.

　　26.Britain'spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside

　　[A]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics

　　[B]isfullyb