非谓语动词 学生版.docx

非谓语动词 学生版.docx

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非谓语动词学生版

语法———非谓语动词

考点分析：

非谓语动词中现在分词与过去分词作状语、定语与表语的区别是必考的重点。

Thereisnogood/use/point/sensedoing…,Itisnogood/usedoing…句型、

admit,appreciate,avoid,can’thelp,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,mind,recall,resent,resist,,risk,suggest等动词后跟动名词、分词作状语与分词独立结构的区别

英语中的非谓语动词是针对谓语动词而言的，即不能做谓语的动词。

非谓语动词有三种形式：

动词不定式、分词和动名词。

一、动词不定式

●不定式的语态和时态

时态

主动

被动

一般体

towrite

tobewritten

进行体

tobewriting

完成体

tohavewritten

tohavebeenwritten

完成进行体

tohavebeenwriting

tohavebeenbeingwritten

●动词不定式在句子中的作用

可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

（1）不定式作主语

  Itisn’teasyforhertofindanewjob.

Itisoftendifficulttodecidewhattodo.

_____almostsevenhourstorunthroughthebook.

A.ItspentmeB.IttookmeC.IspentD.Itook

（2）不定式作宾语

  不定式可作某些动词的宾语，常见的动词有：

afford，agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，manage，promise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish等。

1.Hewas____whenIwalkedintotheroom.

A.readyforleavingB.abouttoleaveC.inthepointofleavingD.mostreadytoleave

2.---“Didyouhavetroublewithyourcarthismorning?

”

---“Yes,butIfinallymanaged____.”

A.togetstartingitB.ittogetstartedC.togetitstartedD.gettingstartedit

3.They____themanagersoon.

A.expectseeingB.expecttoseeC.willexpectseeD.areexpecttosee

4.Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.

A.wheretochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhatD.tochoosewhich

5.Hedoesn’tknow____tostayornot.

A.whetherB.ifC.eitherD.ifhewill

6.Doyouconsider_____wisetoignorehim?

A.itisB.itbeingC.ittobeD.it

7.Ifound____toanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.

A.nopossibilityB.impossibleC.possibleD.itimpossible

（3）不定式作宾语补足语

①某些动词如tell，want，wish，advise，order，require， 

expect，remind，persuade，encourage，convince，force，beg， allow，forbid等后可接不定式作宾语补足语。

 Mydoctoradvisedmetotakearest.

②某些感官动词如feel，hear，see，watch，notice，observe等或  使役动词如have，let，make等后面可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

但如果句子变成被动语态时，就必须带to符号。

 Didyounoticeanyonegointothehouse?

 Wasanyonenoticedtogointothehouse?

IsawTomenterthebuilding.

Tomwasseentoenterthebuilding.

③某些动词如find，feel，think，expect，consider，make等后可接不定式作宾语，但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而且要用it作形式宾语。

 Newsservicesmakeitpossiblefornewspaperstogivetheirreaders newsfromaroundtheworld.

 DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish?

（4）不定式作定语

①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。

Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.

②不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词 最高级限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。

 Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.

 ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.

（5）不定式作状语

①不定式一般作目的状语，还可用短语inorderto或soasto。

Hesatdowntohavearest.

②不定式有时可作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，还可用onlyto。

Heleft，nevertoreturn.Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.

动词不定式考点解析

●不定式的完成体指不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。

1.theyappear______intheaccident.

A.wasinjuredB.tobeinjuringC.beinginjuredD.tohavebeeninjured

2.Iwaspleased_____youlastweek.

A.tomeetB.meetingC.tohavemetD.havingmet

3.Theelephantought____hoursagobythekeepers.

A.tobefedB.tofedC.tobeingfedD.tohavebeenfed

4.Thebuildingissaid_____________（destroy）inafiretwoyearsago.

5.“Good-bye!

Iamglad____theopportunityofmeetingyou.”

A.tohaveB.havingC.tohavehadD.couldhave

●wouldrather/hadbetter/wouldsooner/may（just）aswell+do

1.Hesaidhewouldrathernot____itrightnow.

A.doingB.todoC.doD.tobedoing

2.Sincesheisangry,we_____.

A.hadbetterleavingheraloneB.shouldleaveheralone

C.mightaswellleaveheraloneD.hadratherleaveheralone

●donothingbut（只会）/cannothelpbut（不得不）/cannotbut（不得不；禁不住）+do

 Theydidnothingbutcomplain.

Marycoulddonothingbutcry.

Thepatientcannotbutfollowthedoctor’sinstructions.

Ihadnochoicebuttowaitforhimhere. 

Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.

不定式模拟训练

1.Iwouldpreferyou____here.

A.tostayB.willstayC.stayingD.stay

2.Thatboyworkshard,Iexpecthim____intheexam.

A.succeedB.tosucceedC.succeedingD.succeeded

3.Didyounoticehim____?

A.crossedtheroadB.acrosstheroadC.tocrosstheroadD.crosstheroad

4.I’veheardhim____aboutyouoften.

A.spokeB.speaksC.speakD.tospeak

5.Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhotel_____.

A.tostayB.istostayatC.tostayatD.isforstaying

6.LittleRuthfound_____.

A.withnoonetoplayB.noonewithtoplayC.noonetoplayD.noonetoplaywith

7.Heis____helpmeatthemoment.

A.toobusytoB.enoughbusytoC.verybusytoD.busyenoughto

8.Wouldyoube____tostepthisway,please?

A.tookindB.sokindC.sokindasD.askindas

9.Tellhim____aboutit.

A.notworryingB.don’tworryC.nottoworryingD.nottoworry

10.Marypreferred____athometo____tothepartywithherfriends.

A.tostay;goB.staying;goingC.staying;goD.tostay;going

Keys:

1—5ABDCC6—10DACDB

（二）分词

现在分词的时态和语态：

时态

主动

被动

一般体

writing

beingwritten

完成体

havingwritten

havingbeen

written

请看下面句子：

1.Havingdressedmyself,Iwenttotheoffice.穿好衣服后，我去了办公室。

（表时间）

2.Nothavingdoneitright,hetriedagain.因为做的不对，他又试了试。

（表原因）

3.Thequestionsbeingdiscussedareofgreatimportance.

正在被讨论的问题很重要。

（做定语）

4.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldshegiveitup?

既然被给了这么好的机会，她怎能放弃呢？

（表让步）

5.Havingbeenmarriedfortyyears,theystillloveeachother.

虽然结婚40年了，但他们依然相爱。

（表时间）

Havingboughtourtickets，wewentintothetheatre.

Havingbeentoldmanytime，hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.

●现在分词与过去分词的区别

现在分词的主语常是某物，翻译成“某物令人……”；过去分词的主语常是某人，翻译成“某人对某物感到……，某人被……”。

如：

Thepresentsituationisencouraging.当前的形式令人鼓舞。

Weweredeeplyencouragedbyhiswords.

我们被他的话深深鼓舞。

常见的成对分词有：

amazing/amazedboring/boredconfusing/confuseddiscouraging/discouraged

teresting/interestedmoving/movedpleasing/pleased/disappointing/disappointed/

exciting/excitedinspiring/inspiredsurprising/surprised/insatisifying/satisified

1.“Howdidyoulikethelectures?

”

“Ithoughttheywere_____.”

AinterestedBinterestCinterestingDofinterests

2.He’s_____becausehehaswontheprize.

AnervousBsatisfyingCexcitedDexciting

3.Mr.Brownis_____respectedbyhiscolleague.

AveryBmuchCratherDextremely

4.BecauseofmypoorEnglishI’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself______.

AunderstandBtounderstandCunderstandingDunderstood

5.Weareawarethat_____,thesituationwillgetworse.

AifnotdealingwithcarefullyBifdealtnotcarefullywith

CifnotcarefullydealtwithDifnotcarefullydealingwith

6.____bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.

A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted

7.____someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.

A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowedby

8.You’dbetternotwakeupthe____babies.

A.sleptB.sleepingC.havesleptD.havingslept

9.While___forthebus,theoldmanmethisoldfriend.

A.beingwaitedB.havingwaitedC.waitedD.waiting

10.____awrongaddress,hecouldnotfindhisfriend’sflat.

A.GivingB.GivenC.HavinggivenD.Tobegiven

●分词作状语与分词独立结构的区别

分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的谓语动词的主语一致，分词独立结构中分词的主语一定和主句的谓语动词的主语不一致。

分词专练：

11.______,weshallgooutforapicniconSunday.

AWeatherpermitsBWeatherpermitting

CWithweatherpermitsDWithweatherpermitting

12._____,wemissedourplane.

AThetrainbeinglateBTobelateCThetrainisbeinglateDThetrainwhichislate

13._____,wewentswimming.

ABeingahotdayBDuetoahotdayCThedaybeinghotDItwasahotday

14.____ontheroad,thecarwasstopped.

AHavingseenabombBSeeingabomb

CThedriverseeingabombDAfterseeingabomb

15._____,shewentbacktoherroom.

ATherewasnocauseforalarmBTherebeingnocauseforalarm

CBeingwithoutcauseforalarmDWithouthavingcauseforalarm

key：

1-5CCBDC6-10BBBDB11-15BACCB

三动名词

动名词的时态和语态

主动式

被动式

一般式

doing

beingdone

完成式

havingdone

havingbeendone

●在Thereisnogood/usedoing…./Itisnogood/usedoing….句型中。

●常见这些动词后跟动名词做宾语：

admit/appreciate/avoid/can’thelp/consider/delay/deny/enjoy/escape/excuse/favor/finish/mind/miss/postpone/practise/quit/recall/resent/resist/fancy/resume/risk/suggest

●这些动词词组后也跟动名词：

can’tstand/giveup/keepon/insiston/putoff/persistin/relyon/thinkabout/thinkof/refrainfrom/worryabout/objectto/confessto/turnto/adaptto/applyto/seeto/lookforwardto/respondto/getusedto/bebusy/beworth/havedifficulty

●动名词的复合结构：

名词所有格或形容性物主代词+doing

Wouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor?

Mary’scomingmadeusveryhappy.

Jack’sspendingalotoftimeongamesworriedhisparents.

动名词专练：

1.Iappreciate____toyourbirthdayparty.

A.tobeinvitedB.tohaveinvitedC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited

2.Iamconsidering____youroffer.

AtoacceptBacceptCacceptedDaccepting

3.Thereisnouse____himatthishour.

A.tocallB.calledC.callD.calling

4.Wecan’tunderstandwhyheavoided____tous.

AtospeakBspeakChavingspokenDspeaking

5.Iamaccustomed____at7a.m.

A.toriseB.tohaverisenC.tohavingrisenD.torising

6.Ihopeyoudon’tmind____youallthis.

A.totellB.tohavetoldC.tobetellingD.mytelling

7.Annwasangryat_____ather.

A.hislaughingB.himlaughC.himlaughedD.himbeinglaughed

8.Doyouremember____thosebookstothelibrary?

A.IreturningB.metoreturnC.myreturningD.mebeingreturned

9.Mymobileisn’tworking.It_____.

A.needrepairingB.needsrepairingC.needstorepairD.needtoberepaired

10.Iknowiti