英语B级语法总结.docx
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英语B级语法总结
首先词性部分
1.名词的词性转换:
-ionsuggestion,action,reaction,solution,permission
-ationinvitation,imagination,operation,application,explanation
-mentargument,equipment,employment,agreement,arrangement,amusement
-ence\anceevidence,confidence,existence,difference,importance,appearance
-yhonesty,difficulty,poverty,reality,variety,-erreaderrulermanager,follower,
-oroperatoractor
-eeemployeetrainee
-thgrowthtruthdepth
-nesshappiness,illness,sickness,goodness,coldness,fitness,-ilitypossibilityresponsibility
-alarrival,withdrawal,disposal,denial
-ageshortage,usage,courage,leakage,marriage-iefbelief,relief
典型考题:
1.Wehavebeeninformedthatthe(equip)______willbearrivinghereintendays.
2.Isincerelythankyouforyour(invite)______totheIndustrialExhibition
3.Iamsorrytolearnthatyouhavemadeno(improve)______onthedesignatall.
4.Therightsideofthebraincontrolsour(imagine)__________,ourunderstandingofspaceandcolor.
5.Thereisarapidincreaseinpopulationinthatcountrythathascausedafood(short
___________.
6.IwastoldthatDisneyWorldisoneofFlorida’smajor(tour)_________attractions.
)
7.Therehasbeenalarge(grow)________oflightindustriesduringtheseyears.
8.Therewereonlyafew(survive)______fromtheair-crash.
9.Thecommitteeexpectstocometoa(decide)_____withinthisweek.
10.Thebosshaspromisedawageincreaseforallthe(employ)_______.
KEY
1.equipment2.invitation3.improvement4.imagination5.shortage6.tourist7.growth8.survivors9.decision10.employees
2.形容词的词性转换:
1.作定语,
2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。
3.形容词的比较级和最高级
-fulbeautifulwonderfulcareful,thoughtful,useful,-ableacceptablereasonable,reliable,valuable,-lessuselesscareless
-ingwillingannoying,entertaining
-iveactivecreativeattractive,effective,
-edpleaseddelighted
-altraditionalpersonaladditional
-lyfriendly,lively,lovely,lonely,fatherly,costly,woodly
3.副词的词性转换
1.
adv.+v,v+adv.
2.
adv.+adj
3.
adv,+句子
典型考题:
1.Hewas(serious)___________injuredintheaccident.
2.
“Butwhyonearthdidyouagreetotheproposal?
”Iasked(curious)
___________.
3.Whensheheardthatherfatherwas(danger)________ill,sheburstintotears.
4Thatwas(apparent)__________acarelessmistakecausedbytheoperator.
5.(Luck)_________,theflooddidnotdomuchdamagetothecrops.
6.Thepoorpeasantswere(heavy)_________taxed.
7.(person)________,Idon’tagreewithyouthoughwearegoodfriends.
KEY:
1.seriously2.curiously3.dangerously4.apparently5.luckily6.heavily7personaly
语法部分
I.动词的时态
时态是谓语动词的形式,表示动作发生的
时间和所处的状态。
英语的时态共有十六种。
现在
过去
将来
do/does,
did,
shall/willdo
,
am/is/aredoing,have/hasdone,have/hasbeendoing
was/weredoing,haddone,hadbeendoing
shall/willbedoing,shall/willhavedone,shall/willhavebeendoing
过去将来should/woulddo,should/wouldbedoing,should/wouldhavedone,should/wouldhavebeendoing
但其中《大纲》要求的主要有以下十种:
一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时。
(一)一般现在时
1.表示经常性的动作和状态,常与always,everyday,never,often,usually,sometimes等频度副词连用;说话时人和事物的特性或状态;客观真理等。
Iusuallygotoworkatseveninthemorning.
Isthereanythingwrongwithyou?
Youlookpale.
Theearthmovesroundthesun.
I-------ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven`thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.
A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play
答案选D。
本题干后一分句用了转折语气,并用了现在完成时,表示自从新年以来一直没用打过乒乓球,由此排除选项A和C。
空格处是指含现在时间在内的广泛意义上的现在时间。
2.表示计划或安排中的动作。
ThetrainleavesforGuangzhouat2:
30p.m.
3.在(when)时间和(if)条件状语从句中,表示一般将来时。
考题1:
---Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?
---Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou_______thetrainingcourse.
AwillhavefinishedB.willfinishC.arefinishingD.finish
考题2:
Chinawillbethelargestmarketforautomobilesin20to25yearsifthecountry?
seconomy__________togrowatthecurrentrate.
A.continuesB.hascontinuedC.continuedD.hasbeencontinued
答案选DA
(二)一般过去时
1.表示过去所发生的动作或状态。
MyfriendworkedinBeijingfortwoyears.HewenttoFrancelastyear.
---Youhaven`tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?
---I`msorryI_______anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit`sprettyonyou.
A.wasn`tsayingB.don`tsayC.won`tsayD.didn`tsay
答案是D。
2.过去的习惯。
WhenIwasatcollege,Iwenttothelibraryeveryafternoon.
3.先后一连串动作。
Theoldladywenttothemarket,boughtsomevegetablesandwenthome.
4.用于虚拟语气
Itistimewewenthome.
(三)一般将来时
表示将来要发生的动作或状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用
1.Will/shall+do
(1)表示预见、意图或用在疑问句中征询听话人的意见。
Hewillbebacksoon.
Ishall/willsendMr.Zhangane-mailtomorrow.Willyougotothecinemawithme?
A.willnotbe;willknowB.is;willknowC.willnotbe;knowD.is;know
答案选C。
次题考查一般将来时在固定句型中的运用。
(2)表示现在的习惯、需要,预测现在某事可能要发生,或者对将来的事情现在作出决定。
Fishwilldiewithoutwater.
ShallIhelpyou?
Itisteno`clock.Marywillbeinbedbynow.
---Whichdressdoyouwant?
---I`lltaketheredone.
2.其他形式:
(1)begoingto+do表示计划、安排,或“最近将来”要发生的事情,还可以描述根据某种迹象表明将要
发生的事情。
Wearegoingtohaveapartythisevening.
Lookattheclouds.It`sgoingtorain.
(2)be+doing表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
IamleavingforLondontomorrow.
(3)be+todo表示按计划安排即将发生的动作;Wearetofinishtheworkbeforefivethisafternoon.
表示命令、禁止或可能性等。
(四)过去将来时
表示相对于过去某一时间将要发生的动作或状态,常用于宾语从句中。
Hewarnedusthatthejourneywouldbeverydangerous.
(五)现在进行时
1.表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。
Whatisshedoingnow?
2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况。
Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____sorapidly.
A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange
答案选A.
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作或状态,通常只限于少数动词。
I`vewonaholidayfortwoweekstoFlorida.I_________mymum.
A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavetaken
答案选A.
(六)过去进行时
表示过去某一时间或某一阶段正在进行的动作。
Radioshadjustbeeninventedthen,andthepeopleweretalkingaboutsendingpicturesbyelectricity.
Iwasattendingameetingthistimeyesterday.
ThereportersaidthattheUFO________fromeasttowestwhenhesawit.
A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel