文化软实力外文文献翻译中英文.docx

文化软实力外文文献翻译中英文.docx

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文化软实力外文文献翻译中英文

文化软实力外文翻译中英文

英文

Softpower,globalgovernanceofculturalindustriesandrisingpowers:

thecaseofChina

AntoniosVlassis

Abstract

Thisarticleaddressestheimportanceofculturalindustriesforthestrengtheningofthesoftpoweroftherisingpowersanditseekstounderstandhowtheculturalindustriesallowrisingpowerstoshapethestructuresoftheirinternationalenvironment.Morespecifically,studyingthecasesofPeople’sRepublicofChinaandofthemovieindustry,myarticlefocusesonthecurrentevolutionoftherelationshipbetweentheChineseauthoritiesandthefilmindustry,aswellasonthedevelopmentofthedomesticfilmmarket.IfurtheraimtodrawupaninventoryofChina’srolewithintheglobalgovernanceofculturalindustries.Finally,IaimtohighlighttheglobalculturalcompetitionthatChinafaces,emphasizingthepracticesoftheUSadministrationandHollywood.IarguethatevenifChinaisthecurrentcentreofgravitywithintheworldeconomy,itstillhasalongwaytogoinordertoshapethedistributionofresourceswithintheglobalgovernanceofculturalindustriesandtoplayacrucialroleintheinternationalbattleofculturalsymbols.

Keywords:

China;softpower;globalgovernance;culturalindustries;USadministrationandHollywood

Theculturalindustries,oscillatedbetweensymbolicandmaterialspheres,raiseimportantissuesformanyinvolvedactors:

economicissuesbecauseculturalindustriesareakeysectorintermsofgrowthandemploymentforthenationaleconomies1;politicalissues,giventhatculturalindustries–seenasvehiclesofvaluesandcollectiverepresentations–areresourcesofthepowerofStatesandoftheircapacitytoshapetheirinternationalenvironment;finally,identityissuesbecauseculturalexpressions–distributedbyculturalindustries–areusuallycomponentsofanational,regionalorlocalidentityandmanyactorsareincreasinglyworriedonculturaldominance.

InOctober2011,the17thCentralCommitteeoftheChineseCommunistPartyunderlinedtheneedforstrengtheningtheChinesesoftpower‘withaviewtotheoverallprosperityofculturalundertakingsandsounddevelopmentofculturalindustries’andforholding‘fasttotheapproachofmulti-level,extensiveinternationalculturalexchangesandcontinuouslyimprovetheinternationalinfluenceofChineseculture’（MinistryofCultureofthePeople’sRepublicofChina2013,p.3）.SincetheendoftheColdWar,theriseofChinaontheworldstagehasbeenoneofthemostimportanthistoricalandpoliticalphenomena.Itsimpressiveeconomicgrowth,itssocialtransformationsanditsinfluenceontheinternationalaffairsforcemanyscholarstoquestionthestatusofChinaintheinternationalarena.IsChinaarisingpowerthatmovesonfromregionalpowertoglobalpower?

IsthedesireoftheChineseauthoritiestochallengetheUSpredominanceandtoaccesstotheworldhegemony?

（Johnston2003,Gipouloux2006,Cabestan2010,Shambaugh2013）.

Ontheonehand,recentstudiesfocusontheforeignculturalactionofChinaanditssoftpowerinordertoofferusefulinsightsonthesetrickyquestions（CheowandChu2004,ChoandJeong2008,Mingjiang2009,Barr2010,Wang2011,LaiandLulu2012,Swielande2012）.Intheirdefinitiononthesoftpower,theyincludevariousareassuchastrade,language,valuesinthebroadestsense,religionandeducation.However,theculturalindustries,andespeciallyfilmindustry,arestillanunknownfactorforhighlightingtherolethatChinacanandwillplayontheglobalstage.Furthermore,itwouldpointoutthattheanalysisonimmaterialresourcesofpowercameparticularlytodominatethedisciplineofInternationalRelations（IR）duringthe1980sdebateonthepossibledeclineofUShegemony（Battistella2013,p.239）.Assuch,in1990,JosephNye（1990,2004）developedtheconceptofsoftpowerinordertohighlightthetransformationsofthecomponentsoftheStatepowerinthecurrentinternationalrelations.AstheprominentAmericanscholarputit,iftheUnitedStateswishestobethehegemonicpowerofthe21thcentury,itwouldneedtostrengthenitssoftpower,basedonintangibleresources.2Inaddition,duringthe1980s,SusanStrangeelaboratedtheconceptofstructuralpowerinordertofocusonthetangibleandintangiblecapabilitiesoftheUnitedStatestodeterminetheinternationalstructuresandtoprovidetheleadershipontheglobalscale（Strange1994）.Whilethetwoscholarsidentifiedmultiplevariablestounderstandthetransformationofpowerintheeraofglobalization,theculturalindustrieswerenotadequatelyaddressedintheirstudies.However,theapproachofSusanStrangerecentlyinspiredanalyses（Scott2004,LarocheandBohas2005,Bohas2010）onculturalcapitalismoftheUnitedStatesandonitsmainvectors,suchasthemultinationalentertainment