湖北省石首市高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解编练4.docx

湖北省石首市高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解编练4.docx

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湖北省石首市高考英语一轮复习阅读理解编练4

湖北石首市2020高考英语一轮阅读理解编练

2020高考英语阅读理解集训。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

Tworecentstudieshavefoundthatpunishmentisnotthebestwaytoinfluencebehavior.

Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.ResearchersatHarvardUniversityintheUnitedStatesandtheStockholmSchoolofEconomicsinSwedendidthestudy.

TheyhadabouttwohundredcollegestudentsplayaversionofthegameknownasthePrisoner’sDilemma.Thegameisbasedonthetension（紧张气氛）betweentheinterests（利益）ofanindividualandagroup.Thestudentsplayedingroupsoffour.Eachplayercouldwinpointsforthegroup,sotheywouldallgainequally.Buteachplayercouldalsorewardorpunisheachoftheotherthreeplayers,atacosttothepunisher.

HarvardresearcherDavidRandsaysthemostsuccessfulbehaviorprovedtobecooperation.Thegroupsthatrewardeditthemostearnedabouttwiceasmuchinthegameasthegroupsthatrewardedittheleast.Andthemoreagrouppunisheditself,theloweritsearningswere.Thegroupwiththemostpunishmentearnedtwenty-fivepercentlessthanthegroupwiththeleastpunishment.ThestudyappearedlastmonthinthejournalScience.

Theotherstudyinvolvedchildren.ItwaspresentedlastmonthinCaliforniaataconferenceonviolenceandabuse.Researchersusedintelligencetestsgiventotwogroups.Morethaneighthundredchildrenagedtwotofourthefirsttimetheyweretested.Morethansevenhundredchildrenagedfivetonine.

Thetwogroupswereretestedfouryearslater,andthestudycomparedtheresultswiththefirsttest.Bothgroupscontainedchildrenwhoseparentsusedphysicalpunishmentandchildrenwhoseparentsdidnot.ThestudysaystheIQs--orintelligencequotients--oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere.Intheoldergroup,thedifferencewasalmostthreepoints.

MurrayStraussfromtheUniversityofNewHampshireworkedwithMalliePaschallfromthePacificInstituteforResearchandEvaluation.ProfessorStrausshaswrittenextensivelyaboutphysicalpunishmentofchildren.Hesaysthemoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.HealsolookedataverageIQsinothernationsandfoundthemlowerwherespankingwasmorecommon.

1．Whichcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Punishment

B.TheBestWaytoInfluenceBehavior.

C.PunishmentorReward:

WhichWorksBetteronBehavior?

D.TwoRecentStudies.

2．Theunderlinedword“spanked”probablymeans______.

A.wonB.punishedC.testedD.praised

3．Accordingtothepassage,theresearchersmayagreethebestwaytoinfluencebehavioris______.

A.rewardinggoodbehavior

B.correctingbadbehavior

C.punishingbadly-behavedchildren

D.praisingwell-behavedchildren

试题分析：

文章主要介绍了两项研究的过程和研究成果。

近期的两项研究显示，惩罚不是影响行为的最好方法。

其中一项研究显示，成年人在一个基于奖励的机制中更具合作性。

另一项研究表明，惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展。

1．选择最佳标题。

A项太片面；文章没有提到最好的方法，排除B；D项不够具体；根据第二段“Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.”和第六段“oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知，研究表明，奖励能够促进合作，惩罚不利于孩子的心智发展，故选C。

2．猜测词义题。

根据带第六段“whowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知，被父母体罚的孩子，他们的智商比没有受到体罚的孩子的低5分，根据最后一段“Hesaysthemoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.”可知，孩子受到的惩罚越多，他们的心智发展得越慢，说明划线词是“惩罚”的意思，故选B。

3．推理判断题。

B、D两项文中未提及；根据倒数第二段“oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”和最后一段“themoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment”可知，惩罚不利于孩子的身心发展，排除C；根据第二段“adultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards”和第六段“fivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知，奖励能够促进合作，而惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展，只有A项与奖励有关，故选A。

阅读理解。

Blindimitation（模仿）isself-destruction.Tothosewhodonotrecognizetheiruniqueworth.Imitationappearsattractive:

tothosewhoknowtheirstrenghth.Imitationisunacceptable.

Intheearlystagesofskillorcharacterdevelopment,imitationishelpful.WhenIfirstlearnedtocook,Iusedrecipes（菜谱）andturnedoutsometastydishes.ButsoonIgrewbored.Whyfollowsomeoneelse’swayofcookingwhenIcouldcreatemyown?

Imitatingrolemodelsislikeusingtrainingwheelsonachild’sbicycle;theyhelpyougetgoing,butonceyoufindyourownbalance,youflyfasterandfartherwithoutrelyingonthem.

Indailylife,imitationcanhurtusifwesubconsciously（下意识地）holdpoorrolemodels.If,asachild,youobservedpeoplewhoseliveswerebad,youmayhaveacceptedtheirfearandpainasnormalandgoneontofollowwhattheydid.Ifyoudonotmakestrongchoicesforyourself,youwillgettheresultsoftheweakchoicesofothers.

Inthefieldofentertainment,ourcultureglorifiescelebrities.Thosestarslookgreatonscreen.Butwhentheystepoffscreen,theirpersonallivesmaybedisastrous.Ifyouaregoingtofollowsomeone,focusontheirtalent,nottheirbadcharacterorunacceptablebehaviors.

Blessedisthepersonwillingtoactontheirsunddendesiretocreatesomrthingunique.Thinkofthemovies,books,teachers,andfriendsthathaveaffectedyoumostdeeply.Theytouchedyoubecausetheircreationsweremotivatedbyinspiration,notdesperation.Theworldischangednotbythosewhodowhathasbeendonebrforethem,butbythosewhodowhathasbeendoneinsidethem.Creativepeoplehaveanendlessresourceofideas.Theproblemacreatorfacesisnotrunningoutofmaterial;itiswhattodowiththematerialknockingatthedoorofimagination.

Syudyyourrolemodels,acceptthegiftstheyhavegiven,andleavebehindwhatdoesnotserver.Thenyoucansay,”Istandontheshouldersofmyancestors”tragediesandtory,andknowthattheyarecheeringon.

1.Imitationprovesusefulwhenyou.

A.knowyouareuniqueB.losethebslanceoflife

C.begintolearnsomethingnewD.gettiredofroutinepractice

2.Toavoidthebadresultofimitation,weshould________.

A.forgetdailyfearandpainB.choosetherightexample

C.askothersfordecisionsD.stayawayfromstars

3.Acordingtotheauthor.Theworldmovesonbecauseofthosewhoare.

A.desperatetointruenceotherswiththeirknowledge

B.readytoturntheiroriginalideasintoreality

C.eagertodiscoverwhattheirancestorsdid

D.willingtoacceptothers’ideas

4.Thetroubleacreatorfacesis.

A.thelackofstrongmotivationB.theabsenceofpracticalideas

C.howtosearchformorematerialsD.howtouseimaginationcreatively

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcreatively.

B.Tocriticizethecharactersofrolemodels.

C.Tocompareimitationwithcreation.

D.Toexplainthemeaningofsuccess.

【参考答案】1—5、CBBDA

阅读理解。

●●●

USDefenseSecretaryDonaldRumsfeldislikelytovisitChinaatan“appropriate”timethisyear,aseniorChinesemilitaryofficialsaidonMonday.ColonelTuQiming,directoroftheAmericanandOceaniaAffairsBureauoftheForeignAffairsOfficeattheNationalDefenseMinistry,madetheremarkduringSino-USdefensetalksthisweek.Thisisthefirstever“specialdefensepolicydialogue”betweenthetwodefenseministries,accordingtotheChinesemilitary.

●●●

FRANCESAgricultureMinistryhasconfirmed（证实）thefirstcaseofmadcowdiseasedetectedinagoatlastFriday.Thegoatkilledin2002testedpositiveformadcowdisease.Itisthefirstcaseintheworldofthefataldiseasebeingfoundinananimalotherthanabovine.Thehumanformofmadcowdiseasecausesbrain-wasting,personalitychange,lossofbodyfunction,andendsindeath.TheEuropeanCommissionhasnotadvisedanychangeinfarmingandconsuminggoats,saidtheFrenchMinistryinastatementpublishedlastFriday.

●●●

MOBILEphonesaleshitanewrecordin2020,withsome684millionunitssoldaroundtheworld,theUSresearchinstituteStrategyAnalyticssaidonThursday.Thenumberrepresentsanincreaseof32percentover2020,when571millionunitsweresold.StrategyAnalyticspredictsamoremodestriseof8percentforthisyear,to735million.FinnishcellphoneproviderNokiastayedoutinfrontin2020,withsalesof207.6millionunits,givingitamarketshareof30.4percent.MotorolamovedtoNo2,justaheadoftheSouthKoreancompanySamsung.

●●●

SIXmalepenguins（雄企鹅）ataGermanzooareprovingstubbornlyresistanttofemalesbroughtinfromSwedentomakethemintobreeding（繁殖）.Ofthetenmalepenguinsatthezoo,sixhaveformedinto“homosexual”couplesandhaveshownnointerestinthefemales,makingbreedinganimpossibility.SothezooimportedthefourfemalepenguinsfromSwedenlastmonth,fullofhopethatthenewarrivalscould“turn”themales.Butsofar,theboysareremainingstrictlywiththeboys.

1.Howmanycountriesarementionedinthepiecesofnews?

A.Six.B.Five.C.Three.D.Seven.

提示:

文中提到美国、中国、法国、芬兰、韩国、德国、瑞典。

答案:

D

37.Whichwillprobablyreachthesalesof735millionunitsin2020?

A.Nokia.B.Motorola.C.Samsung.D.Cellphones.

提示:

571million,684million,735million均指手机销售总量。

答案:

D

38.Fromthefourthpieceofnewsweknowthat_________.

A.thescientistshaven’tsucceededindoingtheirexperiment

B.thescientistshavesuccessfullygotsixfemalepenguinsintobreeding.

C.theSwedengirlsmadetheboysshowinterestinthem

D.Germanboysdon’tlikeSwedenboys

提示:

从shownointerest和boysstaywithboys可知试验没成功。

答案:

A

39.Whichofthefollowingarethesuitableheadlinesforthepiecesofnews?

A.a.USDefenseSecretaryVisitLikelyb.FranceConfirms“MadGoatCase”

c.MobilePhoneSalesd.MalePenguinsandFemalePenguins

B.a.USDefenseSecretaryVisitLikelyb.FranceConfirms“MadGoatCase”

c.NokiaStaysonTopd.BirdsofaFeather

C.a.Defens