Java程序设计的常用类.docx
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Java程序设计的常用类
Java程序设计的常用类
一.常用类的继承关系
1.异常处理的类继承关系
Object
-----------Throwable
---------Error
----------LinkageError
---------VirtualMachineError
---------AWTError
---------Exception
----------RuntimeException
-----------ArithmeticException
-----------IndexOutofBoundsException
-----------InterrupedException
----------IOException
----------FileNotFoundException
----------EOFException
----------CharConversionException
----------AWTException
----------ClassNotFoundException
……….
2.I/O类的继承关系
java.lang.object
------File
------InputStream(抽象类)
--------ObjectInputStream
---------FileInputStream(基于字节的文件I/O)
--------FilterInputStream(提供更多功能的抽象类)
----------DataInputStream
----------BufferedInputStream(提高I/O性能)
-------OutputStream(抽象类)
--------ObjectOutputStream
---------FileOutputStream
--------FilterOutputStream
----------DataOutputStream
----------BufferedOutputStream
----------PrintStream
-------RandomAccessFile
-------Reader(抽象类)
---------InputStreamReader(将字节流转换为字符流)
----------FileReader(从文件中读入字符)
---------BufferedReader(提高I/O性能,按行读取)
----------LineNumberReader(可获取行号)
--------Writer(抽象类)
--------OutputStreamWriter
----------FileWriter
---------BufferedWriter
---------PrintWriter
-------Scanner
--------System三个静态对象:
publicstaticPrintStreamerr;//标准错误
publicstaticPrintStreamout;//标准输出
publicstaticInputStreamin;//标准输入
3.图形用户界面的类的继承关系
Object
--------Componet
--------Container
-------Window
----------Frame
----------JFrame
----------Dialog
----------FileDialog
----------JDialog
-------ScrollPane
-------Panel
----------Applet
---------JApplet
-------Javax.Swing.Jcomponent
--------AbstractButton
------JButton
------JMenuItem
------JToggleButton
-------JRadioButton
-------JCheckBox
--------JComboBox
--------JLabel
--------JList
--------JMenuBar
--------JPanel
--------JScrollBar
--------JTextComponet
-------JTextArea
-------JTextField
--------JPasswordField
--------JScrollPane
-------JOptionPane
-------JTable
-------JLayeredPane
-------JDesktopPane
-------JInternalFrame
--------Button
--------Label
--------CheckBox
--------Scrollbar
--------List
--------Canvas
-------TextComponet
-------TextField
-------TextArea
-------AbstractTableModel
---------DefaultTableModel
-------CheckboxGroup
-------Image
----------BufferedImage
-------ImageIcon
-------ToolKit
-------Color
-------EventObject
---------AWTEvent
---------ActionEvent
---------ComponentEvent
-------------FocusEvent
------------InputEvent
------------MouseEvent
------------KeyEvent
-----------WindowEvent
---------AdjustmentEvent
---------ItemEvent
----------ListSelectionEvent
-------Font
------Graphics
------FlowLayout
------BorderLayout
------BoxLayout
------GridLayout
------GridBagLayout
------CardLayout
------MenuComponet
----------MenuItem
---------Menu
----------PopupMenu
---------CheckBoxMenuItem
----------MenuBar
-----ComponentAdapter
-----FocusAdapter
-----KeyAdapter
-----MouseAdapter
-----MouseMotionAdapter
-----WindowAdapter
-----MemoryImageSource
-----FilteredImageSource
-----ImageFilter
-----ImageIO
二、包java.lang(自动引入)
1.String类:
(1).构造函数:
publicString() 构造一个空串
publicString(char[]value,intoffset,intcount)根据一个字符数组构造一个非空串
(2).publicintlength()字符串长度
(3).publiccharcharAt(intindex)返回index处字符
(4).publicintindexOf(intch)返回ch在串中的第一次出现的位置
(5).publicvoidgetChars(intsrcBegin,intsrcEnd,char[]dst,intdstBegin)
从当前字符串中拷贝若干字符到字符数组dst[]
(6).publicStringconcat(Stringstr)当前对象与str连接起来
(7).publicStringreplace(charoldChar,charnewChar)用新字符替换旧字符
(8).publicStringsubstring(intbeginIndex)
publicStringsubstring(intbeginIndex,intendIndex)取子串
(9).publicStringtoLowerCase()变小写
(10).publicStringtoUpperCase()变大写
(11).publicbooleanendsWith(Stringsuffix)
如果suffix所表示的字符串是当前字符串对象的后缀,返回true,否则false
(12).publicbooleanequals(ObjectanObject)
当当前对象与字符串对象anObject表示相同的字符串时,返回true,否则false
(13).publicstaticStringvalueOf(inti)整型值转为字符串
(14).publicstaticStringvalueOf(floatf)浮点数转为字符串
2.StringBuffer类
(1).构造函数:
publicStringBuffer()构造一个空串缓冲区,长度为16
publicStringBuffer(intlength)构造一个长度为length缓冲区
publicStringBuffer(Stringstr)构造一个缓冲区,初始化为str
(2).publicintlength()返回字符串缓冲区包含的字符数
(3).publiccharcharAt(intindex)返回index处字符
(4).publicvoidgetChars(intsrcBegin,intsrcEnd,char[]dst,intdstBegin)
从当前字符串中拷贝若干字符到字符数组dst[]
(5).publicintcapacity()返回缓冲区的容量.
(6).publicsynchronizedStringBufferappend(Stringstr)在已有串尾添加一个串str
(7).publicsynchronizedStringBufferinsert(intoffset,Stringstr)在offset处插入字符串str
3.类Integer
(1).构造方法:
publicInteger(intvalue)构造整数对象
(2).publicintintValue()返回Integer对象对应的整数值
(3).publicstaticIntegervalueOf(Strings)throwsNumberFormayException
根据s构造一个Integer对象返回
(4)publicstaticintparseInt(Strings)throwsNumberFormatException
4.类System
(1).成员变量:
staticPrintStreamerr;
staticInputStreamin;
staticPrintStreamout;
(2).publicstaticvoidexit(intstatus)终止当前正在运行的JAVA虚拟机
5.类Thread
(1).构造方法:
publicThread(ThreadGroupgroup,Runnabletarget,Stringname)
publicThread(Runnabletarget,Stringname)
publicThread(Stringname)
(2).publicstaticThreadcurrentThread()返回当前正在执行的线程
(3).publicfinalStringgetName()返回当前线程的名字
(4).publicfinalintgetPriority()返回当前线程的优先数
(5).publicfinalbooleanisAlive()当前线程是否处于活动状态
(6).publicfinalvoidjoin()throwsInterruptedException等待当前线程进入死亡状态
(7).publicvoidrun()定义线程体
(8).publicfinalvoidsetPriority(intnewPriority)改变线程优先级
(9).publicstaticvoidsleep(longmillions)throwsInterruptedException当前正在执行的线程休眠
(10).publicvoidstart()启动线程
(11).publicstaticvoidyield()暂停当前正在执行线程的执行
(12).voidstop()结束当前进程
6.类Object
(1).publicfinalvoidwait()throwsInterruptedException
使当前线程处于等待状态
(2).publicfinalvoidnotify()
唤醒线程
7.类Throwable
(1).publicvoidprintStackTrace()打印调用栈内容
8.类Error
9.类Exception
10.类ThreadGroup
(1).publicThreadGroup(Stringname)
11.类Class
(1).publicstaticClass
>forName(String className)throwsClassNotFoundException
三、包java.io
1.抽象类InputStream
(1).publicvoidclose()throwsIOException关闭输入流
(2).publicabstractintread()throwsIOException从输入流读入一个字节,返回字节值.若遇到流尾,返回-1
(3).publicintread(byte[]b,intoff,intlen)throwsIOException
从输入流中尽可能读len个字节到数组b,放在off起始处开始的位置.返回实际读取的字节数.若遇到流尾,返回-1
2.抽象类OutputStream
(1).publicvoidclose()throwsIOException关闭输出流
(2).publicabstractvoidwrite(intb)throwsIOException
向输出流写出一个字节,即b的低8位.
(3).publicvoidwrite(byte[]b,intoff,intlen)throwsIOException
向输出流写数组b的off起始处len个字节.
(4).publicvoidflushthrowsIOException清空输出流
3.类File
(1).构造方法:
publicFile(Stringpath);
publicFile(Stringpath,Stringname)
(2).publicbooleandelete()删除文件
(3).publicbooleanisFile()是否文件
(4).publicString[]list()返回目录的文件及子目录
(5).publicString[]list(FilenameFilterfilter)返回目录中符合过滤器的文件及子目录
4.接口FilenameFilter
(1).publicbooleanaccept(Filedir,Stringname)
检测指定的文件是否包含于文件列表.当包含于文件列表时,返回true,否则false.
5.类FileInputStream
(1).构造方法:
publicFileInputStream(Stringname)throwsFileNotFoundException
publicFileInputStream(Filefile)throwsFileNotFoundException
(2).publicvoidclose()throwsIOException关闭输入流
(3).publicintread()throwsIOException
从输入流读入一个字节,返回字节值.若遇到流尾,返回-1
(4).publicintread(byte[]b,intoff,intlen)throwsIOException
从输入流中尽可能读len个字节到数组b,放在off起始处开始的位置.返回实际读取的字节数.若遇到流尾,返回-1
6.类FileOutputStream
(1).构造方法:
publicFileOutputStream(Stringname)throwsFileNotFoundException
publicFileOutputStream(Filefile)throwsIOException
(2).publicvoidclose()throwsIOException关闭输出流
(3).publicvoidwrite(intb)throwsIOException
向输出流写出一个字节,即b的低8位.
(4).publicvoidwrite(byte[]b,intoff,intlen)throwsIOException
向输出流写数组b的off起始处len个字节.
(5)voidclose()关闭文件
7.类RandomAccessFile
(1).构造方法:
publicRandomAccessFile(Stringname,Stringmode)throwsFileNotFoundException
mode取值”r”指打开文件用于输入
mode取值”rw”指打开文件用于输入及输出
(2).publiclonggetFilePointer()throwsIOException
获取文件当前偏移量
(3).publicvoidseek(longpos)throwsIOException
文件指针移到pos处
8.接口DataInput
(1).publicbooleanreadBoolean()throwsIOException
读取一个输入字节,当这个字节非0时为真,否则为0.适合读DataOutput接口的writeBoolean方法写入的值.
(2).publicbytereadByte()throwsIOException
读并返回一个输入的字节.适合读DataOutput接口的writeByte方法写入的值.
(3).publiccharreadChar()throwsIOException
读并返回一个输入的字符.适合读DataOutput接口的writeChar方法写入的值.
(4).publicdoublereadDouble()throwsIOException
读并返回一个输入的double值.适合读DataOutput接口的writeDouble方法写入的值.
(5).publicfloatreadFloat()throwsIOException
读并返回一个float值.适合读DataOutput接口的writeFloat方法写入的值.
(6).publicintreadInt()throwsIOException
读并返回一个int值.适合读DataOutput接口的writeInt方法写入的值.
(7).publicStringreadLine()throwsIOException
读入一行文本.如果在读第一个字节之前就遇到文件尾,将返回空.
(8).publiclongreadLong()throwsIOException
读并返回一个long值.适合读DataOutput接口的writeLong方法写入的值.
(9).publicshortreadShort()throwsIOException
读并返回一个short值.适合读DataOutput接口的writeShort方法写入的值.
(10).publicStringreadUTF()throwsIOException
从一个以UTF-8格式记录的字符串中读取.适合读DataOutput接口的writeUTF方法写入的数据.
9.接口DataOutput
(1).publicvoidwriteBoolean(booleanv)throwsIOException
将一个boolean值写入输出流.
(2).publicvoidwriteByte(intv)throwsIOException
将v的低8位写入输出流.
(3).publicvoidwriteChar(intv)throwsIOException
写一个char类型值到输出流.此值包含2个字节.
(4).publicvoidwriteDouble(doublev)throwsIOException
写一个double类型值到输出流.
(5).publicvoidwriteFloat(floatv)throwsIOException
写一个float类型值到输出流.
(6).publicvoidwriteInt()throwsIOException
写一个int类型值到输出流.
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