H3C网络学院路由互换第四卷实验指导书.docx

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H3C网络学院路由互换第四卷实验指导书.docx

H3C网络学院路由互换第四卷实验指导书

实验1配置GREVPN

实验任务一:

GREVPN大体配置

步骤一:

搭建实验环境

在SWA上配置VLAN2,将接口E1/0/2加入VLAN2:

[SWA]vlan2

[SWA-vlan2]portEthernet1/0/2

步骤二:

检测公网连通性

查看SWA的路由表和端口状态,确认其工作正常。

[SWA]displayipinterfacebrief

*down:

administrativelydown

(s):

spoofing

InterfacePhysicalProtocolIPAddressDescription

Vlan-interface1upup.2Vlan-inte...

Vlan-interface2upup.2Vlan-inte...

[SWA]displayiprouting-table

RoutingTables:

Public

Destinations:

6Routes:

6

Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface

.0/24Direct00.2Vlan1

.2/32Direct00InLoop0

.0/24Direct00.2Vlan2

.2/32Direct00InLoop0

Direct00InLoop0

Direct00InLoop0

也能够利用displayinterface命令。

在RTA和RTB上配置公网接口互通所需的静态路由。

[RTA]interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0

[RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipaddressGigabitEthernet0/1

[RTA-GigabitEthernet0/1]ipaddress.1route-static.0GigabitEthernet0/0

[RTB-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipaddressGigabitEthernet0/1

步骤三:

[RTB-GigabitEthernet0/1]ipaddress.1route-static.0配置GRE隧道接口

[RTA]interfaceTunnel0

[RTA-Tunnel0]ipaddresssource.1

[RTA-Tunnel0]destination.1

[RTB]interfaceTunnel0

[RTB-Tunnel0]ipaddresssource.1

[RTB-Tunnel0]destination.1

步骤四:

为私网配置静态路由

[RTA]iproute-staticTunnel0

[RTB]iproute-staticTunnel0

配置时也能够用下一跳地址。

步骤五:

查验隧道工作状况

查看RTA与RTB的路由表,可见公网、私网路由均存在于路由表中:

[RTB]displayiprouting-table

RoutingTables:

Public

Destinations:

10Routes:

10

Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface

.0/24Static600.2GE0/1

.0/24Direct00.1GE0/1

.1/32Direct00InLoop0

Direct00InLoop0

Direct00InLoop0

Static600Tun0

Direct00GE0/0

Direct00InLoop0

Direct00Tun0

Direct00InLoop0

查看RTA和RTB的隧道接口状态,可见其利用GRE封装,状态为UP:

[RTB]displayinterfaceTunnel0

Tunnel0currentstate:

UP

Lineprotocolcurrentstate:

UP

Description:

Tunnel0Interface

TheMaximumTransmitUnitis1476

InternetAddressisPrimary

EncapsulationisTUNNEL,service-loopback-groupIDnotset.

Tunnelsource.1,destinationkeepalivedisable

Tunnelprotocol/transportGRE/IP

GREkeydisabled

ChecksummingofGREpacketsdisabled

Outputqueue:

(Urgentqueuing:

Size/Length/Discards)0/100/0

Outputqueue:

(Protocolqueuing:

Size/Length/Discards)0/500/0

Outputqueue:

(FIFOqueuing:

Size/Length/Discards)0/75/0

Last300secondsinput:

15bytes/sec,0packets/sec

Last300secondsoutput:

21bytes/sec,0packets/sec

133packetsinput,5701bytes

0inputerror

124packetsoutput,7469bytes

0outputerror

在RTA上打开GRE协议调试开关用debugging命令查验路由器实际收发的报文,说明其地址已经改变。

terminalmonitor

terminaldebugging

debugginggrepacket

在PCA上对RTB运行ping命令,但只发送一个ICMP包:

C:

\DocumentsandSettings\User>ping-n1with32bytesofdata:

Replyfrombytes=32time<1msTTL=254

PingstatisticsforPackets:

Sent=1,Received=1,Lost=0(0%loss),

Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:

Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms

观看RTA上的输出信息:

*Jun2616:

15:

30:

4432020RTAGRE/7/debug:

Tunnel0packet:

Afterencapsulation,

Outgoingpacketheader.1->=84)

*Jun2616:

15:

30:

4432020RTAGRE/7/debug:

Output:

Grepackethasbeenfast-switc

hedsuccessfully,interfaceindexis0x2f0000.

可见RTA从Tunnel0接口发出了一个包,源地址为.1,目的地址为。

因为发送的包已经被GRE封装后在公网发送了。

步骤六:

清除静态路由

用undoiproute-static命令。

步骤七:

为公网配置动态路由

[RTA]ospf1

[RTA-ospf-1]

[]network1

[RTB-ospf-1]

[]network1

[SWA-ospf-1]

步骤八:

[]network为私网配置动态路由

[RTA]rip1

[RTA-rip-1]version2

[RTA-rip-1]network2

步骤九:

[RTB-rip-1]network再次查验隧道工作状况

查看RTA与RTB的路由表:

displayiprouting-table

RoutingTables:

Public

Destinations:

10Routes:

10

Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface

.0/24OSPF102.2GE0/1

.0/24Direct00.1GE0/1

.1/32Direct00InLoop0

Direct00InLoop0

Direct00InLoop0

RIP1001Tun0

Direct00GE0/0

Direct00InLoop0

Direct00Tun0

Direct00InLoop0

转入下一实验任务。

实验任务二:

GREVPN隧道验证

步骤一:

单方配置隧道验证

第一在RTA上单方启动隧道验证:

[RTA-Tunnel0]grekey1234

步骤二:

查验隧道连通性

用ping命令验证PCA与PCB之间的连通性。

由于仅单方配置了隧道验证,现在应该无法连通。

C:

\DocumentsandSettings\User>pingwith32bytesofdata:

Requesttimedout.

Requesttimedout.

Requesttimedout.

Requesttimedout.

PingstatisticsforPackets:

Sent=4,Received=0,Lost=4(100%loss),

步骤三:

配置错误的隧道验证

在RTB上也启动隧道验证,但验证值配置与RTA不同:

[RTB-Tunnel0]grekey12345

步骤四:

查验隧道连通性

用ping命令验证PCA与PCB之间的连通性。

由于配置的隧道验证值错误,现在应该无法连通。

C:

\DocumentsandSettings\User>pingwith32bytesofdata:

Requesttimedout.

Requesttimedout.

Requesttimedout.

Requesttimedout.

PingstatisticsforPackets:

Sent=4,Received=0,Lost=4(100%loss),

步骤五:

正确配置隧道验证

在RTB上配置与RTA相同的验证值:

[RTB-Tunnel0]grekey1234

步骤六:

查验隧道连通性

用ping命令验证PCA与PCB之间的连通性。

由于配置的隧道验证正确,现在应该能够连通。

C:

\DocumentsandSettings\User>pingwith32bytesofdata:

Replyfrombytes=32time=1msTTL=254

Replyfrombytes=32time<1msTTL=254

Replyfrombytes=32time<1msTTL=254

Replyfrombytes=32time<1msTTL=254

PingstatisticsforPackets:

Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0(0%loss),

Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:

Minimum=0ms,Maximum=1ms,Average=0ms

注意:

由于RTA和RTB上配置了RIP路由,若是隧道验证值长时刻不匹配,RIP会删除来自对方的私网路由。

在这种情形下,配置了正确的隧道验证值后需要等待RIP从头学习路由。

实验任务三:

GREVPN隧道Keepalive

步骤一:

恢复静态路由配置

[RTA]undorip

Warning:

UndoRIPprocess?

[Y/N]:

y

[RTA]undoospf

Warning:

UndoOSPFprocess?

[Y/N]:

y

[RTA]iproute-staticTunnel0

[RTA]iproute-static.0rip

Warning:

UndoRIPprocess?

[Y/N]:

y

[RTB]undoospf

Warning:

UndoOSPFprocess?

[Y/N]:

y

[RTB]iproute-staticTunnel0

步骤二:

[RTB]iproute-static.0模拟网络故障

[SWA-Vlan-interface2]shutdown

步骤三:

检查RTA上的隧道接口状态

在RTA上检查隧道接口状态,发觉隧道接口状态仍然正常:

[RTA]displayinterfaceTunnel0

Tunnel0currentstate:

UP

Lineprotocolcurrentstate:

UP

Description:

Tunnel0Interface

TheMaximumTransmitUnitis1472

InternetAddressisPrimary

EncapsulationisTUNNEL,service-loopback-groupIDnotset.

Tunnelsource.1,destinationkeepalivedisable

Tunnelprotocol/transportGRE/IP

GREkeyvalueis1234

ChecksummingofGREpacketsdisabled

Outputqueue:

(Urgentqueuing:

Size/Length/Discards)0/100/0

Outputqueue:

(Protocolqueuing:

Size/Length/Discards)0/500/0

Outputqueue:

(FIFOqueuing:

Size/Length/Discards)0/75/0

Last300secondsinput:

0bytes/sec,0packets/sec

Last300secondsoutput:

0bytes/sec,0packets/sec

1016packetsinput,100223bytes

10inputerror

981packetsoutput,41128bytes

0outputerror

这说明其无法了解对端转变情形。

这是因为在RTA上,隧道源地址所属接口正常,隧道目的地址所需的路由仍然存在。

步骤四:

恢复网络故障

[SWA-Vlan-interface2]undoshutdown

步骤五:

配置隧道Keepalive

[RTA]interfaceTunnel0

[RTA-Tunnel0]keepalive

[RTB]interfaceTunnel0

[RTB-Tunnel0]keepalive

步骤六:

模拟网络故障

在RTA上启动debugging开关:

terminalmonitor

terminaldebugging

debugginggreall

debuggingtunnelall

关闭SWA的VLAN2接口,模拟公网路由突然发生故障。

[SWA-Vlan-interface2]shutdown

步骤七:

观看成效,查验隧道连通性

在RTA上观看debugging信息。

输出信息形如:

*Jun2617:

31:

54:

7942020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Tunnel0linkstateisUP,nochange.

*Jun2617:

31:

55:

5082020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Beforeencapsulation,thepacket'sulLoopTimesis0.

......

......

*Jun2617:

32:

55:

9682020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Beforeencapsulation,thepacket'sulLoopTimesis0.

*Jun2617:

33:

00:

2932020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Tunnel0linkstateisUP,nochange.

*Jun2617:

33:

05:

3322020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Tunnel0linkstateisUP,nochange.

*Jun2617:

33:

06:

452020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Beforeencapsulation,thepacket'sulLoopTimesis0.

*Jun2617:

33:

10:

3692020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Tunnel0linkstateisUP,nochange.

*Jun2617:

33:

15:

4082020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Tunnel0linkstateisUP,nochange.

%Jun2617:

33:

16:

1682020RTATUNNEL/4/LINKUPDOWN:

Tunnel0:

linkstatusisDOWN

%Jun2617:

33:

16:

1682020RTAIFNET/4/UPDOWN:

LineprotocolontheinterfaceTunnel0isDOWN

*Jun2617:

33:

16:

1682020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Tunnel0down,becausekeepaliveisnotreached.

*Jun2617:

33:

16:

1692020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

CannotgettunnelIDwhentunnel(index=0x2f0000)stateisdown.

*Jun2617:

33:

16:

1692020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Tunnel_DelTunnInUpTunnTbl:

Thetunnel(0x2f0000)stateisdown.

*Jun2617:

33:

16:

1692020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Beforeencapsulation,thepacket'sulLoopTimesis0.

*Jun2617:

33:

20:

4512020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Tunnel0down,becausekeepaliveisnotreached.

*Jun2617:

33:

20:

4512020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Tunnel0linkstateisDOWN,nochange.

*Jun2617:

33:

25:

4902020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Tunnel0down,becausekeepaliveisnotreached.

*Jun2617:

33:

25:

4902020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

Tunnel0linkstateisDOWN,nochange.

*Jun2617:

33:

26:

2032020RTATUNNEL/7/debug:

可见通过一段时刻后,Tunnel0接口状态变成DOWN,依照debugging信息,缘故是keepalive消息丢失。

关闭debugging开关,查看Tunnel0接口信息:

undodebuggingall

Allpossibledebugginghasbeenturnedoff

displayinterfacetunnel0

Tunnel0currentstate:

DOWN

Lineprotocolcurrentstate:

DOWN

Description:

Tunnel0Interface

TheMaximumTransmitUnitis1472

InternetAddressisPrimary

EncapsulationisTUNNEL,service-loopback-groupIDnotset.

Tunnelsource.1,destinationkeepaliveenable,Period(10s),Retries(3)

Tunnelprotocol/transportGRE/IP

GREkeyvalueis1234

ChecksummingofGREpacketsdisabled

Outputqueue:

(Urgentqueuing:

Size/Length/Discards)0/100/0

Outputqueue:

(Protocolqueuing:

Size/Length/Discards)0/500/0

Outputqueue:

(FIFOqueuing:

Size/Length/Discards)0/75/0

Last300secondsinput:

2bytes/sec,0packets/sec

Last300secondsoutput:

2bytes/sec,0packets/sec

1115packetsinput,101679bytes

10inputerror

1084packetsoutput,44012bytes

0outputerror

可见Tunnel0接口状态确实已经变成DOWN。

在SWA上从头打开VLAN2接口,过一段时刻以后,Tunnel0接口状态和PCA与PCB之间的连通性能够恢复正常。

实验2配置L2TPVPN

实验任务一:

配置独立LAC模式

步骤一:

搭建实验环境

连接设备。

在SWA上配置VLAN2,将接口E1/0/2加入VLAN2。

[SWA]vlan2

[SWA-vlan2]portEthernet1/0/2

步骤二:

检测公网连通性

查看SWA的路由表和端口状态,确认其工作正常。

[SWA]displayipinterfacebrief

*down:

administrativelydown

(s):

spoofing

Interfa

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