员工工作满意度外文文献翻译.docx
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员工工作满意度外文文献翻译
文献信息
文献标题:
FactorsInfluencingEmployeeJobSatisfaction:
AConceptualAnalysis(员工工作满意度影响因素的概念分析)
文献作者及出处:
Hee0C,YanLH,RizalAM,etal.FactorsInfluencingEmployeeJobSatisfaction:
AConceptualAnalysis卩].Internation创JournalofAcademicResearchinBusinessandSocialSciences,2018,8(6),331-340.
字数统计:
英文3575单词,20442字符;中文6162汉字
外文文献
FactorsInfluencingEmployeeJobSatisfaction:
A
ConceptualAnalysis
AbstractAsenvironmentbecomeincreasinglydynamic,innovationisgettingmoreandmoreimportant.Themosteffectivesourcesofinnovationareoftenideasemergedfromwithinanorganization,usuallyfromemployees.Highturnoverandlowproductivitywhichbadlyaffectanorganizationcanbetheresultjobdissatisfaction.Understandingthefactorsthatcontributetojobsatisfactionisessentialbecauseithelpstoidentifythereasonsandareaswhichemployeesarenotsatisfiedwith.Throughthisunderstanding,changesandadjustmentsoforganizationalpolicies,organizationstructureandjobdesigncanbealteredtoenhancethelevelofemployeejobsatisfaction.Thisstudyonlyfocusedonthreemostcommonprevailingfactorswhicharejobstress,lackofcommunication,andpaythatinfluencejobsatisfactionatworkplace.Jobstresshasbeengenerallydefinedasafactorwhichhasnegativeimpactonjobsatisfaction.Thehigherthestresslevelis,themorelikelythatanemployeeisnothappyandnotsatisfiedwithhisjob.Lackofcommunicationorbadcommunicationdampensemployees'jobsatisfactionbecauseemployeestendtoperformatalowerlevelwhentheyfeelneglected.Besides,
lackofcommunication
canalsoleadtoconfusionbetweenmanagementandotheremployeesthroughouttheorganizationwhichmightincurfrustrationandresentment.Employeesneedtofeelappreciated,asemployeesandashuman.Employee1sjobsatisfactionandorganizationalretentionratecanbeboostedthroughahealthycompensationplanwithroomforbonusesandpayrises.Throughtheunderstandingofthefactors,organizationscanbeawareofthesymptomsbeforehandandtakeprecautiontosupportandincreasethejobsatisfactionlevelofemployees.Inorderforanorganizationtosustainandgrowitsbusiness,jobsatisfactionisthelongtermsolutionfortalentretentionandincreasedperformanceandproductivity.
Keywords:
EmployeeJobSatisfaction,PerceivedStress,LackOfCommunication,Pay.
Introduction
Therequirementsofindividualshavebeenchangedduetotheincreaseinqualityoflifeandeconomicgrowthinthesocieties(Tutuncu&Kozak,2007).Mostindividualsspendalargepartoftheirlivesatwork;thechangeofrequirementstowardslifehasalsochangedtheirexpectations,emotionsandfeelingstowardstheirjobs(An,Cha,Moon,Ruggiero,&Jang,2014).Thereisgrowinginteresttowardsjobsatisfactioninorganizationsasemployeejobsatisfactioniscrucialtothesuccessofanybusiness.Improvementsofjobsatisfactionhavepositiveeffectonemployees'motivation,performance,andproductivity.Theseareimportantelementsthatanorganizationneedstomaintainacompetitiveworkforceinordertodealwithchallengesarisefromthecompetitivebusinessenvironment(Marzuki,Permadi,&Sunaryo,2012).Jobsatisfactionisalsodirectlyrelatedtoaloweremployeeturnoverrate,lowerobsenteeismrate,higherproductivity,andbetterperformanceswhicharecloselyassociatedtotheorganizationc'osstefficiencyforbusiness(Gazioglu&Tansel,2006).Therelationshipbetweenjobsatisfactionandperformancewasarelativelyrecentstudywhichindicatedthatthedegreeofjobsatisfactionfeltbyemployeesdeterminestheirworkperformance.Thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenjobsatisfactionandperformancevalidatedthecommonbeliefthatuaproductiveworker"(Marzuki,Permadi,&Sunaryo,2012).Inthiscase,increasingandmaintainingthedegreeofemployeejobsatisfactionshouldbeapriorityforeveryemployer(Gregory,2011).Understandingthefactorsthatcontributetojobsatisfactionisessentialbecauseithelpsahappyworkertoidentifythereasonsandareaswhichemployeesarenotsatisfiedwith.Throughthisunderstanding,changesandadjustmentsoforganizationalpolicies,organizationstructureandjob
designcanbealteredtoenhancethelevelofemployeejobsatisfaction.Therearenumerousfactorsthatmightdiscouragetheemployeesandleadtojobdissatisfactionsuchashighstress,lackoforganizationalcommunication,lackofrecognition,limitedopportunityforpersonalandcareergrowth,jobcharacteristics,jobsecurity,pay,socialrelationshipwithinanorganizationandmanymore.However,thisstudyonlyfocusedonthreemostcommonprevailingfactorswhichinfluencejobsatisfactionatworkplace.Thethreefactorsdiscussedinthisstudywerejobstress,lackofcommunication,andpay.Thisstudyintendstoestablishaconceptualframeworkwhichcontributestowardstalentretention,increasedperformanceandproductivityinthedynamicbusinessenvironment.
JobSatisfaction
Jobsatisfactionreferstoanemployee'esmotionalstatewhichcoversthecompleterangeofemotionsfrompositivetonegative(Zhang,Yao,&Cheong,2011).Thus,jobsatisfactioncanalsobedefinedaspleasantnessorunpleasantnessofemployeesduringtheirwork.Besides,jobsatisfactioncanalsobedescribedasapositivefeelingaboutajoborjobexperience(Tutuncu&Kozak,2007).Ontheotherhand,Fisher(2000)claimedthatjobsatisfactionisakindofattitudeandattitudesgenerallycontaintwocomponentswhichareaffectivecomponent(feelingandemotional)andcognitivecomponent(comparison,judgmentandbelief).Jobsatisfactioncanbeseenastheresultofachainreactioninvolvingthemotivationtosatisfyaneed.Thischaincombinesseveralfactorsormotivatorswhichwillinfluenceorinduceanindividualtoperform(Marzuki,Permadi,&Sunaryo,2012).EarlytheoryofmotivationdevelopedbyMaslowwhichistheMaslow'sHierarchyofNeed
hadprovidedgroundforfurtherstudiesonthefactorsthatmotivatehuman.Thetheoryproposedthathumanmotivesarebasedonneedsthatstartinanascendingorderfromthelowestleveltothehighestlevel.Thehierarchymovesfromlowerlevelneedssuchasphysiologicalneeds,safetyandsecurity,socialneedstohigherlevelneedssuchasself-esteemandself-actualizationneeds.Individualscannotmovetothenexthigherleveluntilallneedsatthelowerlevelaresatisfied.Whenonesetofneedsissatisfied,itnolongerservedasamotivator(Marzuki,Permadi,&Sunaryo,2012).AnothertheorywhichcontributedtotherelatedliteratureistheHerzberg'smotivation-hygienetheory.ThistheorydevelopedbyHerzbergisalsoknownastwo-factortheory.Herzberg1smo-htiyvgaiteionnetheoryemphasizedthatsatisfactionanddissatisfactionweretwodistinctvariableswhichwerenotpartofasinglecontinuum.Theoppositeofjobsatisfactionisnojobsatisfaction;similarlytheoppositeofjobdissatisfactionisnojobdissatisfaction.Herzbergidentifiedtwogroupsofneeds;motivatorsrefertohumanneedstoachieveandexperiencepsychologicalgrowthwhicharerelatedtojobsuchasrecognitionforachievement,promotionandetc.Anothergroupwhichiscalledhygienefactorisreferredtothebasichumanbiologicalneedssuchassalary,security,workingconditionsandetc(Marzuki,Permadi,&Sunaryo,2012).Hygienefactorsdeterminetheextenttowhichanemployeecanavoidjobdissatisfaction(Zhang,Yao,&Cheong,2011).Intheliterature,theimportanceofjobsatisfactionisoftenlinkedtoworkperformanceandorganizationalproductivityortootherimportantwork-relatedattitudesandbehaviors—suchasabsenteeism,turnover,andreductionoflitigation(Zhang,Yao,&Cheong,2011).RefertoBranham(2005),Gallupstudiesreportedthatorganizationswithhigheremployeesatisfactionachieved86percentcustomerratings,76percentmoresuccessinloweringturnover,44percenthigherprofitabilityand78percentsafetyrecords.Thusemployeehappinessatworkshouldbepaidattentionbytheemployers.Employeejobdissatisfactioncanbringdisasterstoanorganizationwhichbadlyaffectsthedailyoperation,suchaslackofinterestfortheirresponsibilities,tardinessinshowingupforwork,mildtoseverewithdrawalfromtheirjobsanddiminishingjobperformance.Allthesemayendupwithemployeesleavingtheorganizationwhichcausehighemployeeturnoverintheorganization(Gregory,2011).Putinanotherway,employeeswhoperceivetheirjobsassatisfactoryaremorelikelytoworkandstayinthecurrentjobsandinthecurrentorganizationinthefuture.Otherwise,employeesaremorelikelytoleaveandwhichinturnwillinfluencetheperformanceoftheorganizationanditscosts(Tutuncu&Kozak,2007).Employersarefacedwiththetasktomotivateemployeesandcreatehighjobsatisfactionamongtheiremployees.Thus,understandingofthefactorswhichinfluencejobsatisfactionisessentialforemployers.Throughtheunderstandingofthefactors,organizationswillbeabletomakerelevantchangestopreventemployeefrustrationandlowemployeejobsatisfaction(Dowal&Taha,2006).Inthisstudy,jobsatisfactionhasbeenproposedasthedependentvariableinthetheoreticalframework(RefertoFigure1).Theinfluenceofthethreefactors(jobstress,lackofcommunication,andpay)tojobsatisfactionwouldbediscussedinthefollowingsections.
JobStress
Jobstressisgenerallydefinedas"anemployee'-reslafetedlinhgasrdonfejosbs,
tension,anxiety,frustration,worry,emotionalexhaustion,anddistress(Mnahfood,Pollock,&Longmire,2013).Refertoempiricalstudies(Lambert&Pauline,2008;Mahfood,Pollock&Longmire,2013),stresshadbeen