虚拟语气详解及练习附答案.docx
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虚拟语气详解及练习附答案
虚拟语气
1）概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2）在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
1真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型：
条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall/will+动词原形
Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.
典型例题
Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.
A. willrain B.rains C.rained D.israined
答案B。
真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，该用shall,will.
（错）Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.
（对）Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.
2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall（will）+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
2非真实条件句
1）时态：
可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。
它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型：
条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should（would）+动词原形
Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.
b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型：
条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should（would）have+过去分词
Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.
Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.
IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.
Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.
含义：
Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.
Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.
含义：
Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.
c. 表示对将来的假想
句型：
条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+动词原形
were+不定式 would+动词原形
should+动词原形
Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.
Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.
Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.
3混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。
）
Ifithadrainedlastnight（过去）,itwouldbeverycoldtoday（现在）.
4虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.
=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.
Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim
=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.
Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.
=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.
注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.
如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.
A.IfwereI B.Iwere C.WereI D.WasI
答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。
但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。
如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren'tItodo.
5特殊的虚拟语气词：
should
1）Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形，should可省略。
句型：
（1）suggested
Itis
（2）important that…+（should）do
（3）apity
（1）suggested,ordered,proposed,required, demanded,requested,insisted；+（should）do
（2）important,necessary,natural,strange
apity, ashame, nowonder
（3）Itissuggestedthatwe（should）holdameetingnextweek.
Itisnecessarythathe（should）cometoourmeetingtomorrow.
2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+（should）do
Isuggestthatwe（should）holdameetingnextweek.
Heinsistedthathe（should）besentthere.
注意：
如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.
判断改错:
（错） Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou（should）beill.
（对） Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.
（错） Iinsistedthatyou（should）bewrong.
（对） Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.
3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
Myideaisthatwe（should）getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.
Imakeaproposalthatwe（should）holdameetingnextweek.
6wish的用法
1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。
其宾语从句的动词形式为：
真实状况 wish后
从句动作先于主句动词动作 现在时 过去时
（be的过去式为were）
从句动作与主句动作同时发生 过去时 过去完成时
（had+过去分词）
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could+
动词原形
IwishIwereastallasyou. 我希望和你一样高。
Hewishedhehadn'tsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话。
Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）Wishtodo表达法。
Wishsb/sthtodo
Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.
Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.（=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.）
7比较ifonly与onlyif
onlyif表示"只有"；ifonly则表示"如果……就好了"。
Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。
Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。
Ifonlyhecomesearly. 但愿他早点回来。
8Itis（high）timethat
Itis（high）timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.
Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.
9need"不必做"和"本不该做"
didn'tneedtodo表示：
过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。
.
needn'thavedone表示：
过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn'tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn'thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。
（Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。
）
典型例题
Therewasplentyoftime.She___.
A.mustn'thavehurried B.couldn'thavehurried C.mustnothurry D.needn'thavehurried
答案D。
needn'thavedone.意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。
Mustn'thavedone用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn'thavedone,"不可能已经"。
mustnotdo不可以（用于一般现在时）。
Theexercisesforsubjunctivemode
1.Heacted____hehadneverlivedinChinabefore.
a.asthoughb.evenifc.asd.since
2.____tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalive.
a.Ifhewentb.Werehegonec.Shouldhehavegoned.Hadhegone
3.Ifyouwereolder,I____youtogothereyesterday.
a.willallowb.shouldallowc.wouldhaveallowedd.hadallowed
4.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey____themeninatonce.
a.hadbroughtb.shouldhavebroughtc.broughtd.bring
5.IwishI____abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.
a.wasb.werec.hadbeend.shouldbe
6.Ifwe____heretenminutesearlier,we___thebus.
a.arrived/wouldcatchb.arrived/wouldhavecaughtc.hadarrived/hadcaughtd.hadarrived/wouldhavecaught
7.IfI____moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.
a.hadb.hadhadc.havehadd.wouldhave
8.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe____tothemeeting.
a.wouldcomeb.camec.wouldhavecomed.hadcome
9.TheJadeEmperororderedthattheMonkeyKing_____rightaway.
a.wouldbearrestedb.mustbearrestedc.bearrestedd.hadtobearrested
10.Jane'suncleinsisted____inthishotelanylonger.
a.notstayingb.nottostayc.thathenotstayd.stayingnot
11.Don'ttouchthesleepingtiger.Ifhewokeup,he_____you.
a.wouldcometob.wouldcomeatc.wouldhavecometowardd.willcometo
12.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.
a.isb.willbec.wouldhavebeend.wouldbe
13.HowIwishI____toreapairthewatch!
Ionlymadeitworse.
a.hadtriedb.hadn'ttriedc.havetriedd.didn'ttry
14.Hedemandedthatthelaboratoryreport___immediatelyaftertheexperimentwasdone.
a.waswrittenb.bewrittenc.mustbewrittend.wouldbewritten
15.Themaninsistedthathe_____there.
a.shouldsendb.wouldbesentc.sentd.besent
16.Ifhehadnotgoneoutinthestorm_____.
a.hewillbealivenowb.hewouldbealivenowc.hewouldhavebeenalivenow
17.Ifit___tomorrow,whatwouldwedo?
a.rainsb.weretorainc.wouldraind.rain
18.Itisrequiredthatyou____atsix.
a.willarriveb.arrivec.arrivedd.wouldarrive
19.IfonlyI_____howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.
a.hadknownb.wouldknowc.shouldknowd.knew
20.Hespokeinaquiet,distinctvoice,asthoughhisthought_____.
a.wasfarawayb.hadbeenfarawayc.werefarawayd.wentfaraway.
21.Ifit___rain,we___getwet.
a.isto,shouldb.wereto,wouldc.weregoingto,wouldd.wasgoingto,should
22.Ifhe___totheteacherattentively,he___theanswertotheproblemnow.
a.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownb.listened,wouldknowc.listened,wouldhaveknown
d.hadlistened,wouldknow
23.Butfortheparty,he___ofhunger30yearsago.
a.wouldhavediedb.woulddiec.musthavediedd.mustdie
24.___today,hewouldgotthereforholiday.
a.Washeleavingb.Werehetoleavec.Wouldheleaved.Ifheleaves
25.Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI___thatyouwerewaitingforme.
a.didn’tknowb.hadn’tknowc.wouldhaveknownd.haven’tknown
26.It’shightimethatwe___toschool.
a.wouldtob.wentc.god.willgo
27.Itseemsasifit___rain.
a.willb.isgoingtoc.istod.weregoingto
28.I’dratheryou___rightaway.
a.leaveb.leftc.willleaved.toleave
29.Heisworkinghardforfearthathe___.
a.failsb.failedc.wouldfaild.fail
30.Itisreallystrangethatthegirl___soearly.
a.hasbeenmarriedb.hasmarriedc.bemarriedd.wouldmarry
31.SupposingI___thisgift,whatwouldhesay?
a.acceptb.acceptedc.shouldacceptd.wouldaccept
32.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents___twoweekstopreparefortheexam.
a.giveb.shouldgivec.begivend.wouldbegiven
33.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI___yourbirthdayparty.
a.attendedb.hadattendedc.wouldattendd.wouldhaveattended
34.Heinsistedthathe___mebefore.
a.seeb.shouldseec.hadseend.saw
35.Thetwostrangers
升级会员 