自考英语二复习1.docx
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自考英语二复习1
2011年自考英语
(二)复习资料汇总
重点单词扩充讲解:
1.organizational:
a组织上的
由此我们可以联想到:
organize:
v组织;organization:
n组织;organizer:
n组织者
请看下列习题,选择该组词里恰当的词填空:
1).Lastweek,ourschool________aspringouting.
2).Thetaskcallsforthehighest_________skill.
3).ChinahasjoinedWorldTrade__________.
4).Heisthe__________ofthespeechcontest.
Answers:
organized,organizational,Organization,organizer
2.objective:
n目标;a客观的,反义词subjective:
主观的
3.predict:
v预言、预示;
由此我们可以联想到:
prediction:
n预言;predictable:
a可预测的;predictor:
n预言家
4.simplify:
v简化
由此我们可以联想到:
simple:
a简单的;simply:
ad简单地,仅仅地;simplification:
n简化;simplified:
a被简化的。
Exercisesfortheabovewords:
1).Themachineis_____inoperationbutcomplexinstructure.
2).Shakespeare’sRomeoandJulietintheoriginalisbeyondourcapacitywhile____editionisquiteeasy.
3).Thereisnopointinarguingaboutit,becauseitis_______aquestionofprocedure.
4).The______ofworkingprocessfreedtheworkersfroheavylabor.
Answers:
simple;simplified;simply;simplification
5.tendency:
n趋势、倾向;tend:
v倾向于…,tendtodosth
e.g.oldpeoplehavethetendencyofgettingfatter.
Oroldpeopletendtogetfatter.
6.managerial:
a经理的、经营上的;
由此我们可以联想到:
manage:
v管理、经营;management:
n;manager:
n经营者,管理者;manageable:
a可管理的、可经营的。
7.argue:
v争辩、争论,常用固定搭配:
arguwithsbabout/oversth由于某事而同某人争论;arguesbintodoingsth说服某人做某事;arguesboutofdoingsth说服某人不要做某事。
e.g.1>.Theyoungcouplealwaysarguewitheachotherovertheirchild’s
education.
2>.Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.
8.define:
v给…下定义;definition:
n定义
9.profitability:
n赚钱,获利
由此我们可以联想到:
profit:
n利润;profitable:
a有利可图的,有好处的;
profitless:
a没有利润的。
1).Hehasmadea_____fromrunningasmallrestaurant.
2).Thedealwas______toallofus.
3).Theyvalued_______differently,whichledtodisagreementastothecorrectnessofdecision.
Answer:
profit,profitable;profitability.
10.correctness:
n正确性;字根:
correct:
a正确的;v纠正,correction:
n纠正;incorrect:
a不正确的。
11.unintended:
a非计划中的,
由此我们可以联想到:
intend:
v打算,计划;intention:
n;intended:
a计划中的
课文难句讲解、分析
1.Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.(p1)
译:
决策就是从几种可以选择的做法中作出选择。
分析:
该句是主系表结构。
madefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable是过去分词短语做定语修饰achoice;其中thatareavailable是定语从句修饰coursesofaction.
2.Thereasonformakingadecisionisthataproblemexists,goalsorobjectivesarewrong,orsomethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem.(p1)
译:
做出决策的原因是因为存在问题,目标或目的有错误,或者有某种东西防碍着它们的实现。
3.Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance,butsinceuncertaintyisalwaysthere,riskaccompaniesdecisions.(p2)
译:
通常管理者必须对未来的情况做出最佳预测,从而使偶然性尽可能少地发生,但因为不确定性总是存在,所以决策常伴随着风险。
4.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.(p3)
译:
如果没有选择,就不会有决策。
5.Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.(p3)
译:
对于管理者而言,每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律以及惯例等因素制约。
6.Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.(p4)
译:
但是这种简化的倾向使得他们看不到其他可供选择的方法。
7.Becauseindividuals(andorganizations)frequentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.(p6line4--6)
译:
因为个人(和组织)关于如何达到目的常有不同的观点,哪种是最优的选择可能要看是谁做出决策。
8.Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryfrompersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.(p7line2--4)
译:
其中有一些目标比其它的更重要,但其顺序和重要程度因人和不同的部门而异。
9.Whenpresentedwithacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblems,productionmanagersseeproductionproblems,andsoon.(p7line5--7)
译:
当面对同一件日常事情时,销售经理倾向于看销售问题,而生产经理则会看生产相关的问题,等等。
分析:
前半部分为常考内容,它是when+过去分词短语,构成时间状语部分。
其中词组:
bepresentedwith=befacedwith当面对…
Whenfacedwithdifficulties,weshouldbebrave..
10.Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.(p9)
译:
人们经常假设一项决策是孤立的现象。
分析:
句子结构简单:
主谓宾(从句)。
其中assume:
=imagine;isolated:
adj孤立的。
phenomenon:
n现象;复数变化较特殊:
phenomena
重点单词、词组详讲
1.interview:
n/v采访、面试;interviewer:
n采访者;interviewee:
n被采访者
e.g.1>.Who'sthemostfamouspersonyou'veeverinterviewedonTV?
2>.InaTVinterviewlastnight,shedeniedshehadanyintentionofresigning.
2.criticism:
n批评,评论;criticize:
v批评;critical:
a批评的、挑剔的、关键的;critic:
n评论家,请填填看。
1>Heisaliterary______.
2>Weareata_______timeinourhistory.
3>Hecan'ttake________.
4>Theboywas______byhisfatherforbeinglateforschool.
Answers:
critic,critical,criticism,criticized
3.indifference:
n冷漠、漠不关心;indifferent:
a冷漠的,反义词:
enthusiastic:
热情的
cf:
different:
a不同的,名词:
difference;反义词:
same.
4.inefficiency:
n无效,由此联想得到:
efficient:
a高效率的;efficiency:
ninefficient:
a低效率的
5.conservative:
a保守的、保存的;conserve:
v保存;conservation:
n
6.applytosbforsth:
向某人申请某物
e.g.Thestudentappliedtotheembassyforavisa.
7.takethetroubletodosth:
不辞劳苦、费力地做某事
e.g.IfyoutookthetroubletolistentowhatIwassaying,you'dknowwhatIwastalkingabout.
8.putoneselfinsomebody'splace:
设身处地…
Ifyouputyourselfinyourmother'splace,youwillunderstandwhysheissoworriedaboutyou.
9.inhand:
手头上有,进行中
I'vegotenoughmoneyinhandtobuyanewcar.
10.turndown:
调小,降低,拒绝
TurndowntheTV,forthebabyissleeping.
Heturneddownthejobbecausethepayisn'tgoodenough.
课文难句分析
1.Thekeywordsherearepreparationandconfidence,whichwillcarryyoufar.(p2)
译:
这里的关键词是准备和自信,它们将使你前程远大。
2.Findoutallyoucanaboutthejobyouareapplyingforandtheoriginationyouhopetoworkfor.(p4)
译:
了解你所申请的工作和你希望为之工作的组织。
分析:
youareapplyingfor定语,修饰thejob;youhopetoworkfor定语修饰theorigination。
词组:
applytosbforsth向某人申请什么。
3.Itshowsanunattractiveindifferencetoyouremployerandtoyourjob.(p6)
译:
它表明你对雇主和你的工作的态度冷漠,不感兴趣。
4.Hewantssomebodywhoishard-workingwithapleasantpersonalityandarealinterestinthejob.(p7)
分析:
whoishard-workingwithapleasantpersonalityandarealinterestinthejob全部都是定语,修饰somebody。
注意介词with表示带有。
。
;haveinterestinsth对…有兴趣。
5.Anythingthatyoufindoutabouttheprospectiveemployercanbeusedtoyouradvantageduringtheinterviewtoshowthatyouhavebotheredtomastersomefactsaboutthepeoplewhoyouhopetoworkfor.(p8)
译:
你找到的任何有关未来雇主的信息在面试中都能为你所用,以表示你费了心思去掌握一些关于你希望为其工作的人的事实。
6.Donotbeafraidtoaskforclarificationofsomethingthathasbeensaidduringtheinterviewifyouwanttobesurewhatwasimplied,butdobepolite.(p10)
译:
面试中如果你想确切地知道某些话的含义,不要害怕请对方解释清楚,但一定要有礼貌。
分析:
基本句型:
notbeafraidtodosth;不要害怕去做某事;askforclarification要求澄清;thathasbeensaidduringtheinterview定语,修饰something;whatwasimplied宾语;dobepolite:
其中do为了强调,如:
dobecareful!
Idoloveyou!
Hedoeslietous!
7.Havetheletterinvitingyouforaninterviewreadytoshowincasethereisanydifficultyincommunication.(p16)
译:
拿着邀请你面试的通知书,以防万一交谈出现困难时显示。
分析:
这是一个祈使句。
Have动词,拿着;theletter宾语;invitingyouforaninterview现在分词做定语;readytoshow状语;incasethereisanydifficultyincommunication条件状语从句;词组:
thereissomedifficultyinsth/doingsth在…方面有困难。
如:
WehavesomedifficultyspeakingEnglishfluently.
8.Thereislittlelikelihoodthatapaneloffivewantstogothroughtheprocessofallshakinghandswithyouinturn.(p20)
译:
由五个人构成的专门小组几乎不可能轮流与你握手。
9.Wouldyoumindrephrasingthequestion,please?
(p23)
译:
您介意换个说法来问这个问题吗?
分析:
考点minddoingsth.如:
WouldyoumindturningdowntheTV?
请看下列例句,并请分析出as的具体用法。
1.IworkasanEnglishteacherinamiddleschool.
2.Runasfastasyoucan.
3.Youngasheis,heknowsmorethanI.
4.JustasIwasleaving,thetelephonerang.
5.PleasedoasIhavetoldyou.
6.AsIamtheoldestchildinmyfamily,Imusttakecareoftheotherchildren.
7.SuchpeopleasyouhavedescribedarerarenowLearnnewwordsandphrases
1.astronomer:
n天文学家;astronomy:
n天文学
2.explode:
v爆炸,由此联想:
explosive:
a爆炸性的/n炸药;explosion:
n爆炸
1).Whenthebomb______,manypeoplewereseriouslywounded.
2).Theunexpected________frightenedthelittlegirl.
3).Itmightbepossibletoconvert_____energyintoheat.
Answers:
exploded,explosion,explosive
3.density:
n密度;联想产生:
dense:
a密度大的,反义词:
sparse;
densely:
ad高密度地;densely-populated人口稠密的;sparsely-populated人口稀疏的
1).The____fogkeptthetravelersfromfindingthecorrectdirection.1
2).Thebusinessareaofthecityis_____populated.
3).Thisliquidhasamuchgreater____thanwater.
Answers:
dense,densely,density
4.shrink:
v收缩、退缩、缩水
1).Asaresultofcarelesswashing,thejackethasshrunktoachild'ssize.
2).Thegirlshrinksatthesightofblood.
5.measurement:
n衡量、测量;
由此联想:
measure:
n措施/v衡量、测量;measurable:
a可衡量的,可测量的
1).Wemusttake_____toprotectourenvironment.
2).Wehavecomewithin______distanceofsuccess.
3).Clocksgiveusa______oftime
4).Theretherainfallis______notininchesbutinfeet.
Answers:
measures,measurable,measurement,measured
6.implication:
n含义、暗示;imply:
v暗示
7.basis:
n基础、根据,
由此可以联想得到:
base:
n底部;v以…为底,为根据;basic:
a基础的,根本的;
basically:
ad根本上来说,
1).IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youmusthaveasolid______.
2).Thefurnitureofoutdormisreally_____:
twobeds,twochairsandtables.
3).Thechargesarefalsefortheyarenot______onprovenfacts.
4).Sincenobetterplancanbeworkedout,wehavetoadoptthe____workableone.
Answers:
basis,basic,based,basically
8.observ