跨文化交际中英文化对比Unit 4 Keys and transcripts.docx

跨文化交际中英文化对比Unit 4 Keys and transcripts.docx

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跨文化交际中英文化对比Unit4Keysandtranscripts

KeystoUnit4Alcoholicdrinksanddrinkingculture

SectionAChinesealcoholicdrinksanddrinkingculture

Passage1

Readingcomprehension

11F2F3T4T5T

2略

Verbalexpression

1略

2略

Criticalthinkingandculturalexploration

1Chineseliquorvsvodkaandwhisky

Transcript

Vodka isa distilledbeverage composedprimarilyofwaterand ethanol,sometimeswithtracesofimpuritiesandflavorings.Traditionally,vodkaismadebythedistillationof cerealgrains or potatoes thathavebeen fermented,thoughsomemodernbrandsuseothersubstances,suchasfruitsorsugar.Sincethe1890s,thestandardPolish,Russian,Belarusian,Ukrainian,Estonian,Latvian,LithuanianandCzechvodkasare40% alcoholbyvolume,abbreviatedasABV.The EuropeanUnion hasestablishedaminimumof37.5%ABVforany“Europeanvodka”tobenamedassuch.Productssoldas“vodka”intheUnitedStatesmusthaveaminimumalcoholcontentof40%. Evenwiththeselooserestrictions,mostvodkasoldcontains40%ABV.Vodkaistraditionallydrunk neat,whichmeansnotmixedwithanywater,ice,orothermixer,thoughitisoftenservedchilledinthe vodkabelt countries:

Russia,Belarus,Poland,Ukraine,Lithuania,Latvia,Estonia,Sweden,Norway,Finland,andIceland.Itisalsocommonlyusedin cocktails andmixeddrinks.

Whisky isatypeof distilledalcoholicbeverage madefrom fermented grain mash.Variousgrains,whichmaybe malted,areusedfordifferentvarieties,including barley, corn, rye,andwheat.Whiskyistypicallyagedinwooden barrels,generallymadeofcharred whiteoak.Itisastrictlyregulatedspiritworldwidewithmanyclassesandtypes.Thetypicalunifyingcharacteristicsofthedifferentclassesandtypesarethefermentationofgrains,distillation,andaginginwoodenbarrels.

（240words）

2Baijiuseekingoverseasmarketexpansion

InthecityofLuzhouinSichuan,attheconfluenceofYangtzeandTuorivers,isoneofthecoreareasofChinesealcoholindustry.

Over200liquorproductsfromLuzhouarelistedasnationalandprovincial-levelproducts,withmanyoftheproducersnowattemptingtoexpandoverseas.

Chinesealcohol,orbaijiu,isthemostwidelyconsumedspiritintheworld,with5billionlitressoldin2016.

Thelateststatisticsshowsbaijiumadeupnearly40%ofthespiritsproducedworldwidelastyear.

However,baijiuonlymakesup8%ofglobalalcoholsales.

LinFeng,thegeneralmanagerofLuzhouLaojiao,awell-knownLuzhou-basedbaijiuproducer,saysforeignmarketsarestillwide-openforChineseliquorproducers,arguingthedomesticmarketisoverlysaturated.

LuzhouLaojiaowastheonlyChinesealcoholservedatthe2018FIFAWorldCupinRussia.

LinFengsaystoattractmorecustomersinRussia,thebrandintegratedChineseliquorintococktailstoboostsales.

“WedisplayedourliquorproductsineveryboxofthestadiumsattheWorldCup,aswellasdemonstratingChinesealcoholculturewithsomeliveshows.Weespeciallywantedtousetheeventtotestourcocktailproductsandseehowconsumerswouldacceptit.Surprisinglyitwassopopularthatoursupplywasn’tevenenough.”

LinFengsaysLuzhouLaojiaohasspeduptheinternationalizationofitsbrand.

"Forthepasttwoyears,wehavebroughtChinesealcoholtosomeoftheBeltandRoadcountriesanddemonstratedourproductswithmultiplepromotionactivities.Lastyear,forexample,wepromotedbaijiuinRussiawithaspecialfireworksdisplayattheRedSquare.WealsodidpromotionsinNewYorkandplacesinCanadaandAustralia;thisyearisfocusedonSouthAfrica,aswellasmanyEuropeancountriesliketheUK.WehaveconsistentlymadeeffortstoshowothersChinesealcoholcultureandincreaseoverseasconsumption."

Inrecentyears,notonlyLuzhouLaojiao,butotherChinesealcoholproducershavechosentobecreative,developingnewalcoholproducts.

SomeareturningtofruitmixedalcoholsandhealthcareChinesewinewhichareamongthefavoriteitemsnowbeinggeneratedinanefforttoopenuptheoverseasmarkets.

（368words）

Passage2

Readingcomprehension

11T2T3F4F5T

2略

Verbalexpression

1Introducingagame:

Rock-paper-scissors

Transcript

Rock-paper-scissors isa handgame usuallyplayedbetweentwopeople,inwhicheachplayersimultaneouslyformsoneofthreeshapeswithanoutstretchedhand.Theseshapesare“rock”（asimplefist）,“paper”（aflathand）,and“scissors”（afistwiththeindexandmiddlefingersextended,formingaV）.Thegamehasonlytwopossibleoutcomesotherthanatie:

oneofthetwoplayerswins,andtheotherplayerloses.

Aplayerwhodecidestoplayrockwillbeatanotherplayerwhohaschosenscissorsbecause“rockcrushesscissors”,butwilllosetoonewhohasplayedpaperbecause“papercoversrock”;aplayerofpaperwilllosetoaplayerofscissorsbecause“scissorscutpaper”.Ifbothplayerschoosethesameshape,thegameistiedandisusuallyimmediatelyreplayedtobreakthetie.

Rock-paper-scissorsisoftenusedasachoosingmethodinawaysimilarto coinflipping,drawingstraws,orthrowing dice.Unliketruly random selectionmethods,however,rock–paper–scissorscanbeplayedwithadegreeofskillbyrecognizingandexploitingnon-randombehaviorinopponents.

（183words）

2略

Criticalthinkingandculturalexploration

1ChangesinthedrinkingcustomsinChina

Transcript

Alcoholcanlubricatedeal-makingandconsensus-buildingaroundtheworld,butitseemsparticularlypowerfulinChina.Accordingtoa2013ChinaYouthDailysurvey,82% ofyoungChinesesaythatdrinkingisessentialforcareerdevelopment.

Traditionally,businessdrinkersinChinagatheraroundthedinnertable（whichmeansthedrinkingdoesn’tenduntilthemealisover）andeveryonehastomakeatleastonetoast. First,thehostmaymakeawelcomingtoast,followedbydifferentinterestgroups“cross-toasting”throughoutthemeal.

YetasChinagrowsandchanges,manyyoungpeoplearebeginningtorejecttheintricateetiquetteoftheprofessionaldrinking“game.”InthesameChinaYouthDailysurvey,84%ofpeoplealsonotedthat theyhatebeingobligedtodrink. Ratherthanbeingforcedtoplayalong,thisnewgenerationwantstowriterulesoftheirown.They’retakingdrinkingculturefromgrandioserestaurantstobars,casualsalons,andtheirlivingrooms.

Theold-fashionedbusinessdrinkingculture,whichsolidifiestheideaofhierarchy,resemblesthewayChinesedrinkatfamilydinners,whereyoungpeopleareexpectedtoshowrespectandhumilitytotheirolderrelatives.ButthenewgenerationofChineseadultsvaluespersonalidentityanddon’talwaysfollowtherulesastheirparentsdid.

QiushiJin,24,whorunsane-commercestartupinHangzhou,acityineasternChina,alwaysmeetsclientsincafesorattheofficeinsteadofatanalcohol-fueleddinner.“Thespeedofdeal-makingisfasterthanever,especiallyfore-commerce.Everyminutecounts.Insteadofwastingmytimeondrinking,I’drathercutthecrapandgostraighttorealbusiness.”hesays.

Thoughthecustomischanging,Chinesepeoplearen’tactuallydrinking less.Infact,thecountry’spercapitaalcoholconsumptionisincreasing.It’swhatpeopledrink,wheretheydrink,andwhytheydrinkthatischanging.

（307words）

2ApopularUSdrinkinggame:

“NeverHaveIEver”

Transcript

Theverbalgame isstartedwiththeplayersgettingintoacircle.Then,thefirstplayersaysasimplestatementstartingwith“NeverhaveIever…”Anyonewhoatsomepointintheirliveshasdonetheactionthatthefirstplayersays,mustdrink. Playthencontinuesaroundthecircle,andthenextpersonmakesastatement.

Anadditionalrule–uncommon,butbeneficialtothegame–isthatifthereisnoonetakingadrink,thentheonewhosaidtheparticular“NeverhaveIever…”musttakeadrink.Thisruleoftenforcestheplayerstostrategizemoreandmakesforlesspointlesssuggestions.

Afurthervariationholdsthatwheneveronlyonepersonisdrinking,thatpersonmustgiveadetailedaccountofwhyheorsheisdrinking.Anothervariationofthisgameinvolvesputtingupfiveortenfingers,puttingonedownwheneversomethingmentionedhasbeendone.Thosewhoendupputtingdownalloftheirfingersmusttakeseveralsuccessivedrinks.

Keepingthegameafloatwithgoodquestionscanbechallenging.Toavoidawkwardsilencesandkeepthegamegoing,someofthebest“NeverHaveIEver”questionsareputtogetherbelow:

1）NeverhaveIevercalledinsicktoworkbecauseIwashungover.

2）NeverhaveIeverhadaneardeathexperience.

3）NeverhaveIevereatenfoodoutofatrashcan.

4）NeverhaveIevertalkedtomyselfoutloudinpublic.

（249words）

SectionBWineandwineetiquette

Passage3

Readingcomprehension

1

1F2F3F4F5F6F

2略

Verbalexpression

1

1Redwines:

1）B2）D3）C

2Whitewines:

1）F2）A3）E

2

1What’sthebestglass?

2WhatwinesshouldIserveataparty?

3HowdoIremovelabels?

4ShouldIdecant?

5DoIhavetostoremywineinatemperature-controlledcellar?

Criticalthinkingandculturalexploration

1Howbasicwinecharacteristicshelpyoufindyourfavourites

Transcript

Thebestwaytolearnaboutyourtasteistoclassifywinesbytheirfundamentaltraitsandthenpickwhatyoulikethebest.Tounderstandthebasiccharacteristicsofwineit’simportanttolearnhow totastewine. Sobyunderstandingthe5characteristicsbelowyou’llhaveabetterchanceofgettingwhatyoulove.

1Sweetness:

Alsoknownas“Levelofdryness”

Ourperceptionofsweetstartsatthetipofourtongue.Often,theveryfirstimpressionofawineisitslevelofsweetness.Totastesweet,focusyouratte