最新高中英语定语从句终极版 精品.docx
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最新高中英语定语从句终极版精品
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高中英语定语从句
教学内容:
定语从句
知识要点
1关系代词和关系副词的选用
2限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
3几组的关系词特殊用法
一、定义:
在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
Thehappymanwholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.
YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.
被定语从句修饰的词,叫先行词。
比如上面两句中的man和everything.
引导定语从句的词,叫关系代词和关系副词。
比如who,whom,that,which,where,when,why等
(关系词三重作用:
①连接主从句②指代先行词③在定语从句中担任句子成分)
Themanwholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.
该句中,wholivesnexttome 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man, “who”是引导定语从句的
关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
二、引导词
引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词where,when,
why等。
关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
1、用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句
who指人,用作主语
whom指人,用作宾语
which指物,用作主语、宾语皆可
that指人和物,用作主语、宾语皆可
TheteacherwhovisitsourschooltodayisfromGuangzhou.
MrsReadisthepersonwhomyoushouldwriteto.
Theypalntedsometreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.
Thefish(which)weboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
Thenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.
2、由关系代词whose引导的定语从句:
先行词既可指人,也可指物,一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”,请看例子
Iwenttoseemyfriends,theSmiths,whosechildrenIusedtolookafterwhentheywere
small.
Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.
3、由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句
●when在从句中作时间状语
Octoberlst,1949isthedaywhen(=onwhich)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
●where在从句中作地点状语
Irecentlywenttothetownwhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.
●why在从句中作原因状语
Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslatewasthathemissedthetrain.
高考链接:
高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂,从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“地点的模糊化”。
事实上,对于where这个词,不能只理解为表地点。
当先行词为situation,case,stage,
point等,且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用到关系副词where引导。
way(方式,方法)后常用inwhich或that引导定语从句,也可省略:
Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步了。
Doyouknowtheway(inwhich/that)heworkedouttheproblem?
1几种易混的情况
①I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtogether.
②I’llneverforgetthedays______________wespenttogether.
③Iwenttotheplace______________Iworkedtenyearsago.
④Iwenttotheplace______________Ivisitedtenyearsago.
⑤Thisisthereason_____________hewaslate.
⑥Thisisthereason__________________hegave.
2关系代词和关系副词的选用
①2018年广东高考真题:
Ofcoursewhenevertheyturnedtolookathim,theyhadtolookatMary,_____madeherfeellikeastar.
②2018年广东高考真题:
Nick’sguests,______hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhythey
shouldnotbuysalemorecheaplyiftheycould.
③Salesdirectorisaposition_____communicationabilityisjustasimportantas
salesskills.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
④By16:
30,______wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintinghadbeensold.
A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that
⑤Theprizewillgotothewriter_____storyshowsthemostimagination.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
相同点:
都属于定语从句
不同点:
①形式上:
有无逗号。
限制性定从无逗号。
非限制性定从,有逗号。
②意义上:
限制性定从对先行词起修饰限制作用;非限制性定从起补充说明作用。
Hehasfoundthebook(that)hewaslookingfor.
YesterdayImetLiPing,whoseemedtobeverybusy.
Hetoldmeastoryyesterday,whichIthinkisveryinteresting.
(which指astory)
Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmakesmeveryhappy.
(which指逗号前面整句话意思)
四、几组关系词的特殊用法
⑴限制性定语从句中,用关系代词that不能用which的情况:
①当先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing,none,some
Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?
你有什么要为自己要说的吗?
②当先行词前面有theonly,thevery(恰恰,正好),any,every,some,no,all,few,little,much,theright,thelast,just等修饰时。
ThisistheverybusthatI’mwaitingfor.
③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。
④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.这是去苏州的最后一趟火车。
⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。
Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?
⑥当主句的主语是疑问句who或which时,
Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
哪辆是你丢的自行车?
Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?
赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁?
⑦有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用that.
Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.
⑧当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。
Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
⑨主句是therebe句型且关系词在从句中作主语用,用that不用which引导。
Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillavailable.
⑵当先行词指事或人时,定语从句中关系代词用which不用that的情况:
①在非限制性定语从句中,只用which,不用that
Hebrokemycup,whichmademeangry.
他打破了我的杯子,这使我很生气。
②当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which,不用that.
ThisisahouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.
这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。
注意:
在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。
Thisisthepen(which/that)I’mlookingfor.
这是我正在寻找的那只钢笔。
⑶只用who而不用that引导定语从句的情况
①先行词是指人的不定代词,如one,ones,anyone,noone,those,all,nobody,anybody,
none等时,用who不用that.
Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.
人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
②在therebe结构中,先行词指人时,多用who
TherearesomepeoplewhowanttohaveholidaysinHainan.
有一些想去海南度假的人。
③在非限制定语从句中,指人且作主语时,用who不用that
ProfessorWang,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.
⑷由as引导的定语从句
1such+名词+as…像…一样的,像…之类的
2thesame+名词+as…和…同样的
其中as可作为关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.
我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。
(as作主语)
Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.
这些房子以人们预料的那样的低价出售。
(as作宾语)
Heisnotthesamemanashewas.
他和过去不同了。
(as作表语)
注意such…as…引导的定语从句与such…that…引导的状语从句的区别:
1Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.(定语从句)
他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明孩子。
2Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.(状语从句)
他是一个如此聪明的孩子,以至于人人都喜爱他。
第一个句子中as引导的是定语从句,因为从句中缺成分;而第二个句子中that引导的是状语从句,从句中不缺任何成分。
练习
1、Sheissuchagirl_____isalways_____faultwithotherpeople.
A.A.that;findingB.as;findingC.who;seekingD.as;seeking
2、Themanshowedussuchaheavystone_____nomancouldliftit.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.and
⑸“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句(若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。
关系代词是所有格时用
whose。
方法:
①根据定语从句中动词的固定搭配来确认“介词+关系代词”中的介词
②根据先行词来确认“介词+关系代词”中的关系代词
The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。
We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer_____ whom we have often talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。
注意:
含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
如:
look for, look after,
take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) 这是我正在找的手表。
This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.
(正) 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (误)
练习
1、Thepen(__)whichhewrotewasmadefromChina.(writewith…
2、Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson(__)whomshecouldturnforhelp.
(turntosbforhelp)
3、Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom_____youreceivedgifts?
A.whichB.themC.thatD.whom
4、Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof_____havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.
A.themB.thatC.whichD.what
5、IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without_____helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which
6、Careofthesoulisagradualprocess____eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.
A.whatB.inwhatC.whichD.inwhich
7、Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof_____usesitsomewhat
differently.
A.whichB.whatC.themD.those
8、Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_____Ihadevermetbefore.
A.themB.whoC.whomD.these
典型例题知识运用
定语从句
1.Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear.
A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that
2.Isthisthefactory____computersarebuilt?
A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat
3.pleasepassmethedictionary____coverisred.
A.whose B.its C.whichD.whichof
4.Theman____hasarrived.
A.whomItoldyouB.thatItoldyou
C.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout
5.Doyouknowthecomrade____wearetalking?
A.towhomB.towhoC.whomD.tothat
6.Theyvisitedthehouse___thegreatwriterwasborn.
A.fromwhereB.inwhichC.whichD.inwhere
7.Thecomrade___isspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose
8.Heaskedustowatchcarefullyeverything___hedidinclass.
A.whoB.thatC.whatD.where
9.I’llvisittheprofessortomorrow,___hewillbebackfromShanghai.
A.whoB.thatC.whenD.which
10.Theschool___Istudyisanewone.
A.onwhichB.atwhereC.onthatD.atwhich
课后作业:
历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选
26.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.
A.ofwhom B.whom C.ofwhose D.whose
27.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.
A.it B.which C.this D.that
28.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.that B.who C.fromwhom D.towhom
29.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.
A.what B.which C.that D.it
30.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasa
child.
A.which B.where C.that D.when
31.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.
A.it B.that C.when D.which
32.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.
A.who B.which C.this D.what
33.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.
A.whichprice