汽车常用术语.docx
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汽车常用术语
汽车--常用术语
常用术语
1、汽车类型:
thetypeofautomobile
汽车:
motorvehicle,automobile
载货车:
truck 微型货车:
mini-truck 轻型货车:
light-truck
中型货车:
mediumtruck 重型货车:
heavytruck 越野车:
off-roadvehicle
自卸车:
dumptruck 牵引车:
towingvehicle
专用汽车:
specialpurposevehicle 客车:
bus 轿车:
passengercar
微型轿车:
mini-car 普通级轿车:
subcompactcar中级轿车:
compactcar
中高级轿车:
intermediatecar 高级轿车:
limousinecar
2、汽车尺寸:
dimensionofvehicle
车长:
vehiclelength 车宽:
vehiclewidth 车高:
vehicleheight
轴距:
wheelspace 轮距:
track 前悬:
frontoverhang
后悬:
rearoverhang 最小离地间隙:
groundclearance
车轮外倾:
camberangle主销内倾:
kingpininclination 前束toe-in
3、发动机:
engine
发动机总体构造和工作原理:
theconstructionandworkingprinciple
汽油机gasolineengine 柴油机dieselengine
四冲程发动机four-strokeengine单(多)缸发动机single(multi)-cylinderengine立(斜、卧)式发动机vertical(inclined、horizontal)engine
工作循环workingprocess
进气(压缩、膨胀、排气)行程suction(compression、expansion、exhaust)stroke点火次序firingorder 上(下)止点top(bottom)deadcentre
活塞行程pistonstroke 气缸工作容积pistonsweptvolume
发动机排量enginesweptvolume 充气系数volumetricefficiency
配气相位valvetiming 压缩比compressionratio
直接喷射directinjection 间接喷射indirectinjection
喷油压力injectionpressure 电控喷射electronic-controlledinjection
雾化atomization 混合气浓度mixtureconcentration
可燃混合气combustiblemixture 空燃比air-fuelratio
过量空气系数excessairratio 燃烧室combustionchamber
压燃compressionignition 点燃sparkignition
抗暴性antiknockquality 增压中冷inter-cooling
负荷load 空载no-load
工况workingcondition
曲柄连杆机构:
connectingrodsandcrankshaft
缸盖cylinderhead 气缸cylinder
缸体cylinderblock 缸套cylinderliner
油底壳oilpan 活塞piston
活塞环(销)pistonring(pin) 气(油)环compression(oilcontrol)ring
连杆connectingrod 曲柄crank
曲轴crankshaft 飞轮flywheel
配气机构:
valvegear
凸轮(轴)cam(camshaft) 进(排)气阀inlet(exhaust)valve
挺柱tappet 推杆push-rod
摇臂rockerarm
燃油供给系统:
fuelsystem
柱塞(转子)式喷油泵jerkfuelinjectionpump
喷油器injector 调速器governor
发动机调速系统:
enginespeedgoverning
排放控制系统:
emissioncontrolsystem
发动机冷却系统:
enginecoolingsystem
发动机润滑系统:
enginelubricationsystem
发动机点火系统:
engineignitionsystem
发动机起动系统:
enginestartingsystem
5
※<标题二>
4、汽车底盘术语
离合器:
clutch
摩擦离合器frictionclutch(单盘singleplate、双盘twindoubleplate、多盘multi-plate、膜片弹簧diaphragmspring、自动automatic、电磁electromagnetic)
离合器操纵机构clutchoperation 压盘pressureplate
分离杆releaselever 分离筒releasesleeve
离合器盖clutchcover 从动盘clutchplate
从动盘毂clutchplatehub 分离弹簧(轴承)releasespring(thrustbearing)
中间压盘centerplate 压紧弹簧pression
减振弹簧dampingspring 摩擦片platefrictionlining
扭转减振器torsionaldampingarrangement
变速器:
transmission,gearbox
机械式变速器mechanicaltransmission自动变速器automatictransmission
主(副)变速器basic(splitter)transmission
行星齿轮变速器planetarytransmission
液力偶合器fluidcoupling 液力变矩器torqueconverter
万向传动装置:
十字轴(非等速、等速、准等速、挠性、双联、球销、球笼)万向节cardan(nonconstantvelocity、constantvelocity、nearconstantvelocity、flexible、doublecardan、ballandtrunnion、rzeppa)universaljoint
十字轴总成crossassembly 万向节叉yoke
驱动桥:
drivingaxle
断开(非断开)式驱动桥divided(rigid)driveaxle
单(双)级主减速器single(double)reductionfinalaxle
齿轮(防滑、自锁、摩擦)差速器gear(limited-slip、self-locking、multi-disc)differential 桥壳axlehousing
全浮(半浮)式半轴full-floating(semi-floating)axleshaft
转向系:
steeringsystem
机械(动力)转向系manual(power)steeringsystem 转向器steeringgear
转向盘(轴、操纵机构)steeringwheel(shaft、controlmechanism)
循环球-齿条齿扇(齿轮齿条)式转向器recirculatingball-rackandsector(rackandpinion)steeringgear
正(逆)效率forward(reverse)efficiency
行驶系:
runningsystem
独立(非独立)悬架indepenndent(rigidaxle)suspension
钢板(螺旋、扭杆、空气、橡胶、油气)弹簧leaf(coil、torsionbar、air、rubber、hydro-pneumatic)spring
减震器shockabsorber 横向稳定器stabilizeranti-rollbar
制动系:
brakingsystem
鼓(盘)式制动器drum(disk)brake驻车制动装置parkingbrakingdevice
制动鼓(蹄、钳)brakedrum(shoe、caliper)
5
※<标题三>
《汽车理论》
1汽车动力性vehicletractiveperformance2加速时间timeofacceleration
3最大爬坡度maximumgradeability 4驱动力tractiveforce
5发动机的调速特性fixedthrottlecharacteristics
6适应性系数adaptivecoefficient 7机械效率mechanicalefficiency
8行驶阻力resistance 9滚动阻力rollingresistance
10弹性迟滞elasticslow-moving 11滚动阻力矩momentofrollingresistance
12滚动阻力系数coefficientofrollingresistance
13切向反力tangentialforce 14法向反力normalforce
15空气阻力aerodynamicresistance
16空气阻力系数aerodynamicresistancecoefficient
17坡道阻力graderesistance 18道路阻力resistanceoftheroad
19加速阻力acceleratingresistance;inertiaforce
20旋转质量换算系数correctioncoefficientofrotatingmass
21附着力adhesiveforce 22切向反作用力tangentialforce
23法向反作用力normalforce 24附着系数coefficientofadhesion
25后备功率powerreserve 26发动机比功率power/massratio
27燃料经济性fueleconomy 28燃油消耗率specificfuelconsumption
29万有特性crosssectionalcharacteristics
30负荷特性partthrottlecharacteristics
31道路循环油耗fueleconomyofroadtestcycles
32制动性brakingperformance 33地面制动力type-groundbrakingforce
34制动器制动力brakingforceoriginatedfrombrakesystem
35制动减速度brakingdeceleration 35制动距离brakingdistance
37同步附着系数synchronizingadhesioncoefficient
38侧倾角速度rollvelocity 39俯仰角速度pitchvelocity
40横摆角速度yawvelocity 41轮胎坐标系tireaxissystem
42轮胎侧偏角side-slip-angle 43侧偏刚度corneringstiffness
44回正力矩aligningtorque 45转向特性steeringcharacteristics
46侧偏力corneringforce 47横摆角速度增益yawvelocitygain
48临界车速criticalspeed 49特征车速characteristicspeed
50不足转向understeer 51过多转向oversteer
52中性转向neutralsteer 53静态储备系数staticmargin
54瞬态响应transientstateresponse 55稳态响应steadiesstateresponse
56汽车平顺性rideoftheautomobile
57路面谱spectrumofroadsurfaceroughness
58空间频率spatialspectraldensity 59空间频率谱spatialspectraldensity
60时间频率谱spectraldensity 61最小离地间隙groundclearance
62汽车的通过性mobilityoverunpreparedterrain
63纵向通过角rampangle 64接近角approachangle
65离地角departureangle 66最小转弯直径diameterofturningcircle
67转弯通道圆turningclearancecircle68功率循环circulationofpower
69牵引阻力tractiveresistance 70牵引力(功率)曲线图tractive-powerchart
71最高车速maximumvelocity 72发动机外特性enginecharacteristicatmaximumopeningofvalve
73制动效能brakeefficiency 74转向稳定性corneringstability
75后轴侧滑sideslipofrearaxle 76甩尾trailswing
77评价指标evaluatedstandard 78操纵稳定性steeringstability
81主销后倾kingpincaster 82主销内倾kingpininclination
83功率平衡图tractiveandresistancepowergraph
84动力因数dynamicalfactor
85制动跑偏brakingdeviationfrom 86制动力分配brakebanlance
87制动防抱死ABS(Anti-lockBrakingSystem)
88动力特性dynamicalcharacteristics
89横向稳定性stabilityoflandscapeorientation
90侧偏特性corneringcharacteristics
91轮胎花纹tirepattern 92汽车技术状况technicalconditionofvehicle
93暴露极限exposureboundary 94发动机测功器enginedynamometer
95发动机综合试验机motoranalyze/engineanalyzer
96底盘测功器chassisdynamometer
97车轮功率平衡机dynamicwheelbalancer
98前束量尺toe-inganger 99外倾测量器cambergauge
100红外线废气分析仪infraredraysexhaustgasanalysisapparatus
疲劳-降低工作效率界限fatigue-decreasedproficiencyboundary
舒适降低界限decreasedcomfortboundary
5
※<标题四>
《汽车设计》
绪论 introduction
全球定位系统 GlobalPositionSystem
计算机辅助设计 ComputerAidedDesign
自适应巡航控制系统 AutonomousIntelligentCruiseControl
电子伺辅开车 Drivebywire
防抱死制动系统 Anti-blockBrakeSystem
主动悬架 ActiveSuspension
被动悬架 PassiveSuspension
半主动悬架 Semi-ActiveSuspension
自动变速器 AutomaticTransmission
电控转向系统 ElectronicControlSteering
通用汽车公司 GeneralMotorsCompany
成本竞争能力 CostCompetitiveness
成本杀手 Costkiller
运动型多用途车 Sport&utilityvehicle
概念设计 ConceptDesign
前置前驱 Front-engineFront-drive
前置后驱 Front-engineRear-drive
后置后驱 Rear-engineRear-drive
中置后驱 Middle-engineRear-drive
全轮驱动 Full-wheel-drive
长头式 Cab-behind-enginetruck
平头式 forwardcontrollayoutcab orcabforwardtype
短头式 shortbonnetedtype
轴距 wheelbase
轮距 wheelcenterdistance
装载量 weight-carryingcapacity
整车整备质量 weightempty
总质量 weightinrunningorder
轴荷分配 axleload(weight)
直接档 directdrive
燃油经济性 fueleconomy
百公里油耗 fuelconsumptionof100km
通过性 throughputcapacity
最小转弯半径 minimumnegotiableradius
总体布置 generalarrangement
纵梁 framesidemember orframegirdermember
横梁 framecrossmember
离合器设计 clutchdesign
从动盘 clutchdrivenplate or clutchspider
膜片弹簧 diaphragmspring
压盘 pressureplate
摩擦片 clutchfacing
从动钢片 clutchcushiondisk or cushionspring
扭转减振器 torsionvibrationdamper or torsiondamper
花键毂 splined hub
变速器设计 transmissiondesign
中间轴式变速器 countershafttransmission
直齿 spurgear
斜齿圆柱齿轮 helicalgear
换档机构 gearshiftmechanism
直齿滑动齿轮 shiftingslidergear
啮合套 shiftercollar
同步器 synchronizer
轴承 bear
飞溅润滑 plashoiling
压力润滑 full pressure oiling
换档位置图 gearshifting diagram
第一轴 inputshaft
中间轴 counter shaft
第二轴 output shaft
万向节设计 univers