版初中英语语法13 基本句型.docx
《版初中英语语法13 基本句型.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《版初中英语语法13 基本句型.docx(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
版初中英语语法13基本句型
第13章基本句型
Ⅰ.句子的种类
i.句子按用途和目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
1.陈述句:
用来叙述一件事情或说明一个事实,包括肯定和否定形式;陈述句句末用句号,句末用降调。
2.疑问句:
用来提出疑问,句末用句号。
根据提问的形式,疑问句又可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1)一般疑问句:
通常可用yes或no回答问题的问句,句末用升调。
2)特殊疑问句:
就句子中某一部分进行提问的问句。
特殊疑问句以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,句末用降调。
3)选择疑问句:
提供对方两种或两种以上情况,要求选择其中之一来回答的问句。
选择疑问句or前面半句用升调,句末用降调。
4)反意疑问句:
对陈述句所讲的情况提出相反疑问的问句。
反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是省略的问句(tag-question)。
如前一部分用肯定是,后一部分则用否定式;如前一部分用否定式,后一部分则用肯定式。
如前半句中有never,seldom和hardly等含否定意义的副词时,tag-question一般用肯定形式。
在表示对所问的情况把握不大时句末用升调,如把握较大时句末可用降调。
3.祈使句:
用来表示请求、命令或劝告等。
它的主语you通常省略。
祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,句末用降调。
4.感叹句:
用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情。
感叹句一般有①“What+名词短语+陈述句”和②“How+形容词/副词+陈述句”两种形式,也有③“How+陈述句”的形式。
感叹句句末用感叹号,句末用降调。
Eg.
1.Thetowngovernmentsetupanewmodernhospitalforfarmers,__________?
A.doesitB.doesn’titC.diditD.didn’tit
2.__________doesaflyingsaucerlooklike?
A.HowB.WhatC.WhichD.Who
3.MybrothernevergetsupearlyonSundaymornings,__________?
A.doesheB.doesn’theC.canheD.isn’the
4.__________surprisingnewstheyhavegot!
A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Whatpieceof
5.Thereisnothingimportantintoday’snewspaper,__________?
A.isn’tthereB.isthereC.isn’titD.isit
6.__________interestingitistochatwithyouontheInterneteveryday!
A.WhatanB.HowanC.WhatD.How
7.Theyhardlyhavetimetolistentomusic,__________?
A.dotheyB.havethey
C.don’ttheyD.haven’tthey
8.__________isitfromheretothenearestpostoffice?
A.HowfastB.Howmany
C.HowfarD.Howlong
9.__________enjoyabletriptheSpringOutingwas!
A.WhatB.Whata
C.WhatanD.How
10.-__________willthenextlightrailtraincome?
-Intenminutes.
A.HowlongB.Howfar
C.HowoftenD.Howsoon
按要求改写句子,每空限填一词。
1.DavidstayedathomealldaylastSaturday.(改为反意疑问句)
DavidstayedathomealldaylastSaturday,____________________?
2.Mymotherdoesn’tlikehamburgers.(改为反意疑问句)
Mymotherdoesn’tlikehamburgers,____________________?
3.Thestudentscouldhardlyhearthelecturer.(改为反意疑问句)
Thestudentscouldhardlyhearthelecturer,____________________?
4.Alicehasmadelittleprogressthisterm.(改为反意疑问句)
Alicehasmadelittleprogressthisterm,____________________?
5.Idon’tthinkitisdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(改为反意疑问句)
Idon’tthinkitisdifficulttolearnEnglishwell,____________________?
6.ShelooksverybeautifulInherpinkhat.(改为感叹句)
__________beautifulshe__________inherpinkhat!
7.Youhavetakenverygoodadvice.(改为感叹句)
____________________adviceyouhavetaken!
8.She’stoldusaveryinterestingstory.(改为感叹句)
____________________interestingstoryshe’stoldus!
9.Biisaveryhonestboy.(改为感叹句)
____________________Billis!
10.TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears.(对划线部分提问)
____________________aretheOlympicGamesheld?
【答案】1.didn’the2.doesshe3.couldthey4.hasshe5.isit
6.How,looks7.Whatgood8.Whatan9.Howhonest10.Howoften
ii.句子结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句
1.简单句:
只有一个主谓结构的句子。
2.并列句:
由两个语法上互不修饰的主谓结构的句子组成,常由and,but,so,or等并列连词连接。
3.复合句:
由一个主句和一个以上的从句组成,常由从属连词连接。
复合句可以是主句和状语从句、主句和宾语从句、主句和表语从句、主句和主语从句、主句和定语从句等组成。
专项训练2
按要求改写句子,每空限填一词。
1.Theydidn’tgoforawalkbecauseoftherain.(改为复合句)
Theydidn’tgoforawalkbecause____________________
2.Theartgallerywastoocrowdedforustogetin.(改为复合句)
Theartgallerywas__________crowdedthatwe__________getinit.
3.Tomknowshowtouseacomputer.(改为复合句)
Tomknowshow____________________useacomputer.
4.Thedriverkeptsilentabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.(改为复合句)
Thedriverkeptsilentabouttheaccident____________________hemightnotlosehisjob.
5.Wehaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayaton.holiday.(改为复合句).
Wehaven’tdecidedwhichhotel____________________stayatonholiday.
6.Somepeoplelikewoodenchairsbetterthansofas.(改为.简单句)
Somepeople__________woodenchairs__________sofas..
7.Thismathsproblemissodifficultthatnobodycanworkitout.(改为简单句)
Thismathsproblemistoodifficult____________________toworkout.
8.Thegirlissocleverthatshecanmemorizenewwordsquickly(.改为简单句)
Thegirlisclever____________________memorizenewwordsquickly.
9.Youmustgeteverythingreadyassoonyoucan.(改为简单句)
Youmustgeteverythingreadyassoon.____________________.
10.Youwillfailthetestagainifyoudon’tstudyhard.(改为简单句)
Youwillfailthetestagain__________hard__________.
11Weenjoyedthedinner.And.wealsoenjoyedtheparty.(合并为一句)
Weenjoyed__________thedinner__________theparty.
12.ProfessorLidoesn’tsmoke.Hedoesn’tdrink,either.(合并为一句)
ProfessorLi__________smokes___________drinks.
13.Theywon’twatchtelevisionthisevening.Theywillplaycardsinstead.(合并为一句)
Theywillplaycardsinstead____________________televisionthisevening.
14.DothestudentsoftenspeakEnglishafterclass?
Sheasked...(合并为一句)
Sheasked__________thestudentsoften__________Englishafterclass.
【答案】1.didn’the2.doesshe3.couldthey4.hasshe5.isit
6.How,looks7.Whatgood8.Whatan9.Howhonest10.Howoften
Ⅱ.基本句型
i.主语+连系动词(link-v.)+表语
1.谓语由连系动词和表语构成,连系动词有:
be,keep,seem,appear;get,turn,grow,become;look,sound,smell,taste,feel等。
2.表语可以由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、动词不定式、分词和句子等充当。
3.有些动词既可以是连系动词,也可以是及物动词或不及物动词。
比较下面两组例句。
A组的谓语动词都是连系动词,B组的谓语动词是不及物动词或及物动词。
(A)(B)
Thegirllookedworried.Thegirllookedaround.
女孩看起来烦恼。
女孩环顾四周。
Theflowerssmellsweet.Heissmellingtheflowers.
花闻起来香甜。
他正在闻花的香味。
专项训练3
用所给单词的适当形式填空,每空限填一词。
1.Playingcomputergamesis__________toyoureyesight.(harm)
2.Jacklooked__________whenheknewhehadfailedagain.(happily)
3.Ifwewanttokeep__________,wemusthelpfightpollution,(health)
4.It’s__________toletyoungchildrentoplaywithelectricalappliances.(danger)
5.Areyou__________withmystory?
(boring)
6.MrSmithisvery__________inbusinessmatters.(honesty)
7.Whyareyouso__________thesedays?
(forget)
8.Thenewteacher’sfirstlessonwasexcellent.Itwasreallyagood__________.(begin)
9.Afterthestrongtsunami(海啸),thousandsofpeoplebecame__________.(home)
10.It’s__________togivechildrenmoneyinredpacketsatChineseNewYear.(tradition)
【答案】1.harmful2.unhappy3.healthy4.dangerous5.bored
6.honest7.forgetful8.beginning9.homeless10.traditional
ii.主语+不及物动词(vi.)
1.谓语由不及物动词构成。
2.常见不及物动词有:
come,go,arrive,appear,fall等。
专项训练4
用所给动词的适当时态填空。
1.Classes__________(begin)at8a.m.inschools.
2.Theearth__________(move)aroundthesun.
3.Theplane__________offiftheweatherisbad.(nottake):
.
4.Thetemperature__________below0°Clastnight.(drop)
5.Thepriceofmeat________(rise)sincelastmonth.
6.Thetelephoneservices__________(develop)quicklynotonlyincitiesbutalsoinvillagesnow.
7.It__________(snow)heavilywhenwe__________(set)outthismorning..
8.WhenMissLi__________(arrive)attherailwaystation,thetrain__________(leave)
9.__________(nottalk)tohimnow.He__________(work)onthedifficultmathsproblem.
10.Marco__________(work)asanengineerinajointventuresincehe__________(come)toChinalastyear.
【答案】1.begin2.moves3.won’ttake4.dropped5.hasrisen6.aredeveloping
7.wassnowing,set8.arrived,hadleft9.Don’ttalk,isworking10.hasworked,came
iii.主语+不及物动词(vi.)+状语
1.谓语由不及物动词和状语构成。
2.状语可以由副词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、名词词组和句子等充当。
专项训练5
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Mypartnerruns__________thanI.(fast)
2.Whattimedoyou__________gotobed?
(general)
3.Thestudentswillgo__________thisweekend.(camp)
4.HecanspeakEnglishas__________ashisfather.(fluent)
5.ShespeaksEnglish__________inherclass.(good)
6.Mybrothertravels__________thanI.(far)
7.Whenweheardourfootballteamwonthematch,wealljumped__________.(happy)
8.Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom__________.(excite)
9.IrangmyparentsandtoldthemIhadarrived__________.(safe)
10.Thestudentshavetothinkabouttheirfuture__________.(individual)
Answers:
1.faster2.generally3.camping4.fluently5.best6.farther7.happily8.excitedly9.safely10.individually
iv.主语+及物动词(vt.)+宾语
1.谓语由及物动词和宾语构成。
2.常见单宾语及物动词有:
open,make,buy,order,read,see,do,drive,hear等。
3.宾语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式和句子充当。
专项训练6
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Myfriendsenjoyed__________atmybirthdaypartylastweek.(their)
2.We’llhavea__________onhowtospeedChristmasDaysoon.(discuss)
3.Stop__________mewhenI’mtalking.(interrupt)
4.ProfessorQianmadea__________atyesterday’smeeting.(speak)
5.Hefeltno__________aboutdoinghisduty.(hesitate)
6.Wehave__________thatthismancommittedthecrime.(prove)
7.Thesepeoplehad__________ofvariouskindsalltheyearround.(amuse)
8.Istillremember__________withmyuncleonthelakeforthefirsttime.(skate)
9.Thereceiverfoundthe__________ofthemoneyatlast.(send)
10.MrSmithgavea__________fromShakespeareattheEnglishEveningyesterday.(recite)
Answers:
1.themselves2.discussions3.interrupting4.speech5.hesitation6.proof7.amusement8.skating9.sender10.recitation
v.主语+及物动词(vt.)+宾sth/sb.+状语
1.谓语由及物动词、宾语和状语构成
2.宾语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式和句子充当。
3.状语可以由副词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、名词词组和句子等充当。
专项训练7
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Heshookhishead__________.(sad)
2.Tellme__________whatyoumean.(straight)
3.Motherwascuttingsandwiches__________atthemoment.(busy)
4.Youshouldtellyourstory__________.(honesty)
5.Somevillagers__________theriveronbamboorafts.(across)
6.Luckily,thenewswasnotyet__________known