届上海市高三英语一模概要写作汇编答案详细解析版.docx

届上海市高三英语一模概要写作汇编答案详细解析版.docx

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届上海市高三英语一模概要写作汇编答案详细解析版

2021年上海高三英语一模概要写作汇编

1.宝山区

BeyondIdentity

Weoftenthinkofourselvesasourbody,mind,andemotions.Wetakethesethreeelementsandmakeacombination.However,wealsooftentalkaboutaperson’ssoul.Isthereanyscientificbasisforthesoul?

Surprisingly,thereis.Eachuniquepersonalityapersonhas（evenincircumstancesofmemorylossandotherillnesses）,thefeelingandidentityoftheselfbeyondage（especiallyexperiencedaswegrowolder）,andourinevitablesubjectiveexperienceasanindividualconsistofascientificfoundationforthesoul.

Despitetheconstantshiftinthelinksbetweenourbraincells,weremainessentiallythesamepersonality.Thisconsistencyismostobviousinthecaseofmentallyillpatientsorpeoplewhohaveexperiencedmemoryloss.AccordingtoScientificAmerican:

Basically,nomatterwhathappenstoourbrain,ouruniquepersonalityseemstoshinethrough.

Besidesone’spersonality,thesoulofapersoncanbeidentifiedthroughone’sconsciousness.Thoughwecommonlyidentifywithourbodyandwhatweseeinthemirror,wealsohaveasensethatwearenotacertainage—asoursenseofselfusuallyleanslessonageandratheronoursubjectivefeelingofwhoweareessentially.

Lastly,eachpersonisinevitablysubjectiveabouthisorherexperience.Despitehumansbeingvery,verysimilartoeachotherinDNAandoverallcomposition,ourunderstandingofrealityisvastlydifferentfromindividualtoindividual.AccordingtoPsychologyToday,“Whilesciencehasmadetremendousprogressexplainingthefunctioningofthebrain,whywehaveasubjectiveexperienceremainsmysterious.Theproblemofthesoulliesexactlyhere,inunderstandingthenatureoftheself,the“I”inexistencethatfeelsandliveslife.

Thesoulofapersonisincrediblychallengingtoprovescientifically.However,wecansaythatthesoulhassomebasisinscience.Theserealitiesofourbehavior,character,andthewayyounoticethingsmightnotbetestedstrictly,buttheyareverydifficulttodeny.

答案：

Onepossibleversion:

Thepersonality,thefeelingandidentityoftheself,andsubjectiveexperiencecompriseascientificbasisforthesoulofaperson.Whateverhappenstothebrain,thepersonalityseemstoexist.Thesoulcanalsoberecognizedmainlythroughthesenseoftheselfandtheirownunderstandingofthenature.Thereisnoreasontodenyitscientifically.60words

原文出处：

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍人格、自我的感觉和身份，以及主观经验构成了一个人的灵魂的科学基础。

不管大脑发生了什么，人格似乎是存在的。

灵魂也可以主要通过自我意识和自己对自然的理解来认识。

没有理由从科学上否认它。

【详解】1.要点摘录

1）Weoftenthinkofourselvesasourbody,mind,andemotions.

2）Despitetheconstantshiftinthelinksbetweenourbraincells,weremainessentiallythesamepersonality.

3）Besidesone’spersonality,thesoulofapersoncanbeidentifiedthroughone’sconsciousness.

4）Lastly,eachpersonisinevitablysubjectiveabouthisorherexperience.

5）Thesoulofapersonisincrediblychallengingtoprovescientifically.However,wecansaythatthesoulhassomebasisinscience.Theserealitiesofourbehavior,character,andthewayyounoticethingsmightnotbetestedstrictly,buttheyareverydifficulttodeny.

2.缜密构思

将第1、2、3、4四个要点综合进行文章主旨概括，将第2个要点单独具体概括，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第5要点总结概括。

3.遣词造句

Thepersonality,thefeelingandidentityoftheself,andsubjectiveexperiencecompriseascientificbasisforthesoulofaperson.

Whateverhappenstothebrain,thepersonalityseemstoexist.

Thesoulcanalsoberecognizedmainlythroughthesenseoftheselfandtheirownunderstandingofthenature.

Thereisnoreasontodenyitscientifically.

【点睛】[高分句型1]Whateverhappenstothebrain,thepersonalityseemstoexist.运用一个复合句对原文第二段进行了概括。

其中Whatever引导的让步状语从句。

[高分句型2]：

Thesoulcanalsoberecognizedmainlythroughthesenseoftheselfandtheirownunderstandingofthenature.用情态动词+被动语态的简单句对第三段和第四段进行了概括。

2.崇明区

TrainYourBrain

Whenwasthelasttimesomethingimportantslippedyourmind?

Fortunately,memorycanbeimproved.People’sabilitytorememberhaslesstodowithnaturaltalentthanitdoeswithtrainingandpractice.

Whenstudentswanttoprepareforatest,theyoftentrytostudybysimplyreadingoverthematerialagain,copyingnotes,etc.Butthesemethodsofrememberingarenotalwayseffective.Peopleremembermorewhentheyactivelyengagewiththematerialtheyarelearningratherthanpassivelyreceivingit.Onegreatwaytodothisistotestyourselfonthematerial.Comeupwithquestionsaboutthetopic,andtrytoanswerthemwithoutlookingatyournotes.Italsohelpstotrytoengagewiththematerialindifferentways.Forexample,youcouldwriteyourownoutlineorstudyguide.Themoreyouusetheinformation,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.

Mymusicinstructorsaidthatit’sbettertopracticeforfiveminutesaday,sevendaysaweek,thanfortwohoursononeday.Thesamegoesforrememberinginformation.Themoreyouspreadoutthetimeyouspendreviewinginformation,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.

Apsychologist,HermannEbbinghaus,madeanimportantdiscoveryaboutmemoryandforgetting.Hefoundthatpeopletendtoforgetinformationinaregularpattern.Theyforgetthemostinformationshortlyafterlearningit.Therateatwhichtheyforgetthenslowsdownovertime.Everytimethepersonreviewstheinformation,itcausesthemtoforgetlessofit—whichmeanstheyremembermore.Soitisessentialtoreviewthingsyouwanttoremembershortlyafterlearningthem.Overtime,youcanreviewthemlessandlessfrequently.

Applyingthesestrategieswillhelpimproveyourmemorysothatyoucanaccesseverythingyoulearnwheneveryouneedit.

答案:

Yourmemorycanimproveifproperlytrainedandpracticed.Firstly,insteadofreceivingwhatyoulearnpassively,useitactivelyandfrequentlyinvariousways,whichhelpsyourememberitbetter.Secondly,spendlesstimereviewingiteachtimebutmorefrequently.Lastly,reviewitsoonafterthelearning.（49words）

题源出处：

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍说，如果训练和练习得当，你的记忆力会提高。

首先，不要被动地接受你所学的东西，而是积极地、频繁地以各种方式使用它，这有助于你更好地记住它。

其次，每次花更少的时间复习，但要更频繁地复习。

最后，在学习后很快复习。

【详解】1要点摘录

①Fortunately,memorycanbeimproved.People’sabilitytorememberhaslesstodowithnaturaltalentthanitdoeswithtrainingandpractice.

②Peopleremembermorewhentheyactivelyengagewiththematerialtheyarelearningratherthanpassivelyreceivingit.Italsohelpstotrytoengagewiththematerialindifferentways.

③Mymusicinstructorsaidthatit’sbettertopracticeforfiveminutesaday,sevendaysaweek,thanfortwohoursononeday.Themoreyouspreadoutthetimeyouspendreviewinginformation,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.

④Everytimethepersonreviewstheinformation,itcausesthemtoforgetlessofit—whichmeanstheyremembermore.

2.缜密构思

将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。

3.遣词造句

Yourmemorycanimproveifproperlytrainedandpracticed.

Firstly,insteadofreceivingwhatyoulearnpassively,useitactivelyandfrequentlyinvariousways,whichhelpsyourememberitbetter.

Secondly,spendlesstimereviewingiteachtimebutmorefrequently.

Lastly,reviewitsoonafterthelearning.

3.奉贤区

PopulationChangeofEuropeanBirds

ThebreedingbirdpopulationsinEuropehaveseenagreatshiftoverthepastthreedecades,drivenbybothclimatecrisisandhumaninterferences,accordingtooneoftheworld’slargestcitizenscienceprojectsonbiodiversity.

Overall,35%ofbirdsincreasedtheirbreedingrange.Dr.IvánRamírez,seniorheadofconservationatBirdLifeEuropeandcentralAsia,said:

“Thosebirdsthathavebeenlegallyprotectedhavebeendoingbetterthanthosewhicharenotprotected.ThisisareallyimportantmessagewithintheEuropeanUnion.Wehaveoneoftheoldestpolicies–theBirdsDirective–andwecanprovethatitworks.”

Inaddition,astheclimatewarms,forestsarestretchingintonorthernandagriculturalregions.InpartsofnorthernEurope,therehasalsobeentreeplanting（mainlyforwoodandpaper）andlandabandonment（specificallyinMediterraneanareas）,whichbenefitedmanywoodlandspeciessuchaswoodpeckersandwarblersbutcauseddamagetoanumberofotherspeciesaswell.Theresearchshowsatotalof25%ofbirdsnowoccupyasmallerarea.

Generally,farmlandbirdsarebiggerlosers,sufferingoveralldeclinesinpopulationandreduceddistributionbecauseagriculturalintensificationmeansthereislessfood,suchasinsectsandremainderfromharvesting.TheStateofNatureintheEU2013-2018assessmentshowed80%ofkeyhabitatswereinpoororbadcondition,andintensivefarmingisamajordriverofdecline.TheUK’sfarmlandbirdshavedeclinedby55%since1970.

“Predictably,therearewinnersandlosers.WecanseehowsomespecieshaveexpandedacrossthecontinentrapidlyandhavebeguntocolonizeUKwetlands.Incontrast,wecanseerangesshrinkingasspeciesofnorthernEuropefeeltheimpactofclimatechange,andspeciessuchasthedotterelaredeclininginnumbersandrangeinnorthernBritain,”hesaid.

答案：

Europeanbirdpopulationshavechangeddramaticallyduetoclimatechangeandhumanintervention.Overone-thirdofbirdshaveexpandedbreedingrange,especiallythoselegallyprotected.Globalwarmingenablesforeststoexpandfurther,benefitingwoodlandinhabitants.However,intensivefarmingandclimatechangecausedreducednumberandrangeofsomebirdspecies,farmlandbirdsinparticular.（54）

题源出处：

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍说，由于气候变化和人