高口真题.docx

高口真题.docx

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高口真题

0909高口阅读真题、答案、评析与词汇整理合集

0909Section2第一篇

原文

Talkabouttiming.Yourquestionarrivedinourin-boxthesamedaythatwereceivedanotefromanacquaintancewhohadjustbeenletgofromhisjobinpublishing,certainlyoneoftheindustriesthatisfacing,asyouputit,“extremechange.”HedescribedhislayoffasapracticallyOrwellianexperienceinwhichhewasusheredintoaconferenceroomtomeetwithanoutplacementconsultantwho,afterdispensingwithlogistics,informedhimthatshewouldcallhimathomethateveningtomakesureeverythingwasallright.

“IassuredherIhadfriendsandlovedonesandadog,”hewrote,“andsincemyrelationshipwithhercouldbemeasuredintermsofseconds,theycouldtakecareofthatendofthings.”“MemotoHR:

Insteadofsaddlingdismissedemployeeswithsolicitousoutplacementreps,”henotedwryly,“puttheminaroomwithsomecrockeryforafewtherapeuticminutesofsmashingthingsagainstawall.”

Whileweenjoyourfriend’ssenseofhumor,we’dsuggestadifferentmemotoHR.“Layoffsareyourmomentoftruth,”itwouldsay,“whenyourcompanymustshowdepartingemployeesthesamekindofattentivenessanddignitythatwasshowereduponthemwhentheyentered.LayoffsarewhenHRprovesitsmettleanditsworth,demonstratingwhetheracompanyreallycaresaboutitspeople.”

Look,we’vewrittenbeforeaboutHRandthegame-changingrolewebelieveitcan—andshould—playastheengineofanorganization’shiring,appraisal,anddevelopmentprocesses.We’veassertedthattoomanycompaniesrelegateHRtothemundanebusy-workofnewsletters,picnics,andbenefits,andwe’vemadethecasethateveryCEOshouldelevatehisheadofHRtothesamestatureastheCFO.ButiftherewaseveratimetounderscoretheimportanceofHR,ithasarrived.And,sadly,iftherewaseveratimetoseehowfewcompaniesgetHRright,ithasarrived,too,asouracquaintance’sexperienceshows.

So,toyourquestion:

WhatisHR’scorrectrolenow—especiallyintermsoflayoffs?

First,HRhastomakesurepeopleareletgobytheirmanagers,notstrangers.Beingfiredisdehumanizinginanyevent,buttogetthenewsfroma“hiredgun”onlymakesmattersworse.That’swhyHRmustensurethatmanagersaccepttheirduty,whichistobeinontheoneconversationatworkthatmustbepersonal.Pinkslipsshouldbedeliveredface-to-face,eyeball-to-eyeball.

Second,HR’sroleistoserveasthecompany’sarbiterofequity.Nothingraiseshacklesmoreduringalayoffthanthesensethatsomepeople—namelytheloudmouthsandthelitigious—aregettingbetterdealsthanothers.HRcanmitigatethatdynamicbymakingsureacrossunitsanddivisionsthatseverancearrangements,iftheyexist,areappropriateandevenhanded.Yousimplydon’twantpeopletoleavefeelingasiftheygotyou-know-what.Theyneedtowalkoutsaying:

“AtleastIknowiwastreatedfairly.”

Finally,HR’sroleistoabsorbpain.Inthehoursanddaysafterbeingletgo,peopleneedtovent,anditisHR’sjobtobecompletelyavailabletoconsole.Atsomepoint,alloutplacementconsultantcancomeintothemixtoassistwithatransition,butHRcanneverlet“thedeparted”feelasifthey’vebeensenttoalepercolony.Someoneconnectedtoeachlet-goemployee—eitheracolleagueorHRstaffer—shouldcheckinregularly.Andnotjusttoask,“IseverythingO.K.?

”buttolistentotheanswerwithanopenheart,andwhenappropriate,offertoserveasareferencetoprospectiveemployers.

Threeyearsago,wewroteacolumncalled,“SoManyCEOsGetThisWrong,”andwhilemanyletterssupportedourstancethattoomanycompaniesundervalueHR,asignificantminoritypooh-poohedHRasirrelevanttothe“realwork”ofbusiness.Giventhestateofthings,wewonderhowthosesameHR-minimalistsfeelnow.Iftheircompanyisincrisis—ortheirowncareer—perhapsatlastthey’veseenthelight.HRmattersenormouslyingoodtimes.Itdefinesyouinthebad.

1.   Whydoestheauthorsaythathisfriend’snotedisplayeda“senseofhumor”（para.3）?

       （A）Becausehislayoffexperienceshowedvividlytheprocessof”extremechange”.

       （B）Becausehegaveavividdescriptionoftheoutplacementreps’workstyle.

       （C）BecausehesuggestedtoHRhowtotreatdismissedemployeeswhilehehimselfwasfired.

       （D）Becausehewasoptimisticwiththesupportandunderstandingfromhisfriendsandlovedfamilymembersafterbeingdismissed.

2.   Theexpression“momentoftruth”inthesentence“Layoffsareyourmomentoftruth...whentheyentered.”（para.3）mostprobablymeans________.

       （A）criticalmomentofprovingone’sworth

       （B）timeofdismissingtheemployees

       （C）importantmomentoftellingthetruth

       （D）timeoflosingone’sdignity

3.   WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTsupporttheauthor’sstatementthat“HRhastomakesurepeopleareletgobytheirmanagers,notstrangers.”（para.6）?

       （A）Inthatcasethelet-goemployeewouldfeellessdehumanized.

       （B）Bydoingsothemanagerstreattheemployeeswithrespect.

       （C）HRhasthusplayedthepositiveroleintermsoflayoffs.

       （D）Indoingsostrangerswillonlyplaytheroleofa“hiredgun”.

4.   Theexpression“pinkslips”inthesentence“Pinkslipsshouldbedeliveredface-to-face,eyeball-to-eyeball.”（para.6）canbestbeparaphrasedas________.

       （A）aletterofinvitation                            （B）anoticeofdismissal

       （C）acardofcondolences                        （D）amessageofgreetings

5.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

       （A）ThetimetounderscoretheimportanceofHRhasarrived.

       （B）SeverancearrangementsshouldbethefocusofHR’sjob.

       （C）Employeesshouldbetreatedwithequalrespectwhetherhiredorfired.

       （D）ManagersmustleavetheirdutytoHRwhenemployeesaredismissed.

【参考答案】CADBA

【关键词】人力资源在企业中的重要性

【大意】应重新定位人力资源在企业中的定位，包括员工离职安排等，都应由人力资源以更加合理的方式来承担

【词汇积累】

Orwellianexperience类似奥威尔小说中表述的体验，指被置于高压监控下失去人性

outplacementconsultant专门从事离职安排的顾问

saddle这里表示施压

solicitous热心的

wryly嘲弄地

smash砸

mettle勇气

appraisal评估

mundane世俗的

dehumanize使失去人性

hiredgun受雇的枪手

pinkslip解雇通知书

arbiter仲裁人

hackles怒气

loudmouths高声谈话的人，多嘴的人

litigious好争论的，难缠的

mitigate缓解

severancearrangements离职手续

evenhanded公平的

vent发泄

console抚慰

lepercolony麻风病人隔离区

prospective潜在的，未来的

stance立场

pooh-pooh蔑视

irrelevant无关的

HR-minimalist这里表示认为HR职能有限、并不重要的人

0909Section2第二篇

原文

Questions6-10

SenatorBarbaraBoxer（D）ofCaliforniaannouncedthismonthsheintendstomoveaheadwithlegislationdesignedtolowertheemissionofgreenhousegasesthatarelinkedbymanyscientiststoclimatechange.Buttheapproachshe’stakingisflawed,andthecurrentfinancialcrisiscanhelpusunderstandwhy.

Thecenterpieceofthisapproachisthecreationofamarketfortradingcarbonemissioncredits.Thesecreditswouldbeeitherdistributedfreeofchargeorauctionedtomajoremittersofgreenhousegases.Thefirmscouldthenbuyandsellpermitsunderfederallymandatedemissionscaps.Ifacompanyisabletocutemissions,itcansellexcesscreditsforaprofit.Ifitneedstoemitmore,itcanbuypermitsonthemarketfromotherfirnls.

“Capandtrade,”asitiscalled,isadvocatedbyseveralpolicymakers,industryleaders,andactivistswhowanttofightglobalwarming.Butit’sbasedonthetradeofhighlyvolatilefinancialinstruments:

riskyatbest.Thebetterapproachtoclimatechange?

Adirecttaxplacedonemissionsofgreenhousegases.Thetaxwouldcreateamarketpriceforcarbonemissionsandleadtoemissionsreductionsornewtechnologiesthatcutgreenhousegases.Thisisanapproachfavoredbymanyeconomistsasthefinanciallysensiblewaytogo.Anditisgettingacloserlookbysomeindustryprofessionalsandlawmakers.

Atfirstblush,itmightseemcrazytoadvocateataxincreaseduringamajorrecession.Butthereareseveralvirtuesofataxoncarbonemissionsrelativetoacap-and-tradeprogram.Forstarters,thecountryalreadyhasamechanisminplacetodealwithtaxes.Taxcollectionissomethingthegovernmenthasabundantexperiencewith.Acarbontradingscheme,ontheotherhand,requiresthecreationofelaboratenewmarkets,institutions,andregulationstooverseeandenforceit.

Anotherrelativeadvantageofthetaxisitsflexibility.Itiseasiertoadjustthetaxtoadapttochangingeconomic,scientific,orothercircumstances.Ifthetaxistoolowtobeeffective,itcanberaisedeasily.Ifitistooburdensomeitcanberelaxedtemporarily.Incontrast,acap-and-tradeprogramcreatesemissionspermitsthatprovidesubstantialeconomicvaluetofirmsandindustries.Theseassetslimittheprogram’sflexibilityonceunderway,sincemarketactorsthenhaveaninterestinmaintainingthestatusquotopreservethevalueoftheassets.What’smore,theycanbearecipefortrouble.AsmyAmericanEnterpriseInstitutecolleaguesKenGreen,SteveHayward,andKevinHassettpointedouttwoyearsago,“suddenchangesineconomicconditionscouldleadtosignificantpricevolatilityinacap-and-tradeprogramthatwouldbelesslikelyunderacarbon-taxregime.”

Recentexperiencebearsthisout.Europehasinplaceacap-and-tradeprogramthattodaylooksalittleliketheAmericanmortgage-backedsecuritiesmarket—it’satotalmess.Thepriceofcarbonrecentlyfell—plummetingfromover$30toaround$12perton—asEuropeanfirmsunloadedtheirpermitsonthemarketinanefforttoshoreupdeterioratingbalancesheetsduringthecreditcrunch.Itisthisshakyexperiencewithcap-and-tradethatmightexplainanunlikelyadvocateofacarbontax.Earlierthisyear,