Automatic English.docx

Automatic English.docx

《Automatic English.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Automatic English.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

AutomaticEnglish

UnitOne

StructureofAutomobile

Thecarisoneofthemostfascinatingdevicesthatapersoncanown.Carsarealsooneofthemostpervasivedevices,withatypicalAmericanfamilyowningtwocars.

Acarcontainsdozensofdifferenttechnologies.Everythingfromtheenginetothetiresisitsownspecialuniverseofdesignandengineering.Butanyautomobilesaremadeupoffourbasicsections:

engine,chassis,bodyandelectricalsystem.

Theautomobileengineisaninternalcombustionenginewhichconvertstheheatenergyoffuelintomechanicalenergytomakethecarmove.Intheinternalcombustionengine,combustiblemixtureiscompressedandthenburnedinsidetheenginecylinders.Theburningofair-fuelmixtureproduceshighpressurewhichforcespistontomovedownward.Themovementistransmittedtothecrankshaftbytheconnectingrod.Thecrankshaftismadetorotatethen.Therotarymotioniscarriedthroughthepowertraintothecarwheelssothattheyrunandthecarmoves.

Asthesourceofpower,theenginerequiresafuelsystemtosupplyitwiththemixtureofairandfuelorfuel.Itplaysavitalroleinthepower-producingprocess.Supposetheengineisagasolineengine,thefuelsystempumpsliquidgasolinefromatankintothecarburetorwherethegasolinecanbemixedwithair.Themixtureisdeliveredtotheenginewhereitisburned.IfengineisEFIengine,fuelisdeliveredfromthetanktotheinjectorbymeansofanelectricfuelpump.Thefuelinjectors,whichdirectlycontrolfuelmeteringtotheintakemanifold,arepulsedbytheECU.TheECUdeterminesair/fuelratiooftheengineaccordingtoenginecondition.

Theenginealsoneedsacoolingsystem,becausethecombustionoftheair-fuelmixtureintheenginecreatesaveryhightemperature（ashighas2000to2700℃）.Thecoolingsystemtakesheatawayfromtheenginebyeithercirculatingaliquidcoolant（watermixedwithantifreeze）betweentheengineandaradiator,orpassingairthroughtheradiator.Today,liquid-cooledenginesarecommon.Itcoolsoffasitgoesthroughtheradiator.Thus,thecoolantcontinuallytakesheatawayfromtheengine,whereitcoulddodamageanddeliversittotheradiator.

Theenginealsoincludesalubricatingsystem.Thepurposeofthelubricatingsystemistosupplyallmovingpartsinsidetheenginewithlubricatingoil;theoilkeepsmovingpartsfromwearingexcessively.

Thefourthisstartingsystemanditspurposeistochangetheelectricalcurrentintothemechanicalenergytopushthecrankshaftaround.Bymeansofthis,theenginecanbestarted.

Becausethewaytoproducetheheatenergyisdifferentbetweengasolineanddieselengines,thereisonlytheignitionsystemingasolineengine.Theignitionsystemprovideshigh-voltageelectricsparksthatsetfiretothechargesofair-fuelmixtureintheenginecombustionchambers.However,theheatenergyforignitingthechargesiscreatedwithinthedieselenginebycompressingpureairtoadegreethatwillinitiatecombustionandtheninjectingthefuelattherighttimeinrelationtothemovementofthecrankshaft.

Achassiswhichisconsideredasasupportframeforanautobodyisusedtoassembleallautosparepartsonit.Infact,whenpowerfromenginecontinuestobetransmittedtochassis,itbeginswithpowertrain,goesontosteering,wheelsuspension,brakesandtires.Theseindividualcomponentsinteractwitheachotherclosely.Therefore,achassisitselfcanbedividedintofollowingsystems:

Drivingsystemconnectsthetransmissionwiththedrivingaxle.Ineffect,thedrivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.Thedrivingsystemconsistsoftheclutch,transmission,universaljoint,drivingaxle,etc.

Steeringsystemisusedtocontrolthedrivingdirectionofanautomobile.Itiscomposedofthesteeringwheel,steeringcolumn,wormgearsector,steeringdroparmandworm.

Brakesystemisabalancedsetofmechanicalandhydraulicdevicesusedtoretardthemotionofthevehiclebymeansoffriction.Itconsistsofthedrumordiscbrakeassembly,brakeleverassembly,etc.

Ananti-lockbrakesystem（ABS）isacomputer-controlledbrakesystemthathelpspreventwheellockupduringbraking.ABSsystemcanmaintaincontrolofthevehicle.Itworksbylimitingthepressuretoanywheel,whichdeceleratestoorapidly.Thisallowsmaximumstoppingforcetobeappliedwithoutbrakelockup.ASRstandsfor"AccelerationSlipRegulation"anditisthewayofguarantyingthatthewheelshaveequaltractionwhenyouneedtoacceleratequickly.

Theautomobilebodywhichisregardedastheframeworkisseatedonthechassis.Itsfunctionisobviousforoccupantstoprovidecomfort,protectionandshelter.Theautomobilebodyisgenerallydividedintofoursections:

thefront,theupperortop,rearandtheunderbody.Thesesectionsarefurtherdividedintosmallunits,suchasthehood,thefenders,theroofpanels,thedoor,theinstrumentpanel,thebumpersandtheluggagecompartment.

Theelectricalsystemisconsideredanautoelectricpowersourcesupplieslightingpowerfortheautomobile.Theelectricalsystemcontainsbattery,lights,generator,engineignition,lightingcircuit,andvariousswitchesthatcontroltheiruse.

Withtherapiddevelopmentofautomobileindustry,thenewmodelsofautomobilesarebecomingbetterandbetterindesignandperformance.Whenautomobilesareverypopularwithpeople,manynegativeproblemscorrespondingtothefactshavetobeconsideredbyscientists,suchasenergycrisis,airpollutionandtrafficjam.Soscientistsandautomanufacturersaredoingtheirbesttoimprovefueleconomy,controlexhaustemissions,thegovernmentsaretakingactivemeasurestoresolvetrafficproblemsatthesametime.

NewWords

1.fascinating[]adj．迷人的，吸引人的

2.pervasive[]adj.遍及的,弥漫的

3.engine[]n.发动机

4.chassis[]n.底盘

5.body[]n.车身

bustion[]n.燃烧

bustible[]adj.易燃的，易激动的

8.cylinder[]n.汽缸

9.piston[]n.活塞

10.crankshaft[]n.曲轴

11.rotate[]v.旋转

12.vital[]adj.至关重要的

13.tank[]n.油箱

14.suppose[]v.假定，推测

15.pulse[]vt.用脉冲输送

16.coolant[]n.制冷剂，冷却液

17.radiator[]n.散热器，水箱

18.lubricate[]v.润滑

19.wear[]v.磨损

20.gasoline[]n.汽油

21.diesel[]n.柴油机

22.ignition[]n.点火,着火

23.voltage[]n.电压

24.spark[]n.火花

25.charge[]n.填充物

26.suspension[]n.悬架

27.brake[]n.制动器，刹车

28.tire[]n.轮胎

29.interact[]v.相互作用，相互影响

30.transmission[]n.变速器

31.clutch[]n.离合器

32.hydraulic[]adj.液压的

33.drum[]n.鼓

34.disc[]n.盘

35.lockup[]n.锁定，锁住

36.decelerate[]v.（使）减速

37.guaranty[]v.保证,抵押,担保

38.hood[]n.发动机罩

39.fender[]n.挡泥板

40.underbody[]n.底板

41.bumper[]n.保险杠

42.luggage[]n.行李

43.battery[]n.蓄电池

44.generator[]n.发电机

PhrasesandExpressions

1.electricalsystem电气系统

2.internalcombustionengine内燃机

3.combustiblemixture可燃混合物

4.connectingrod连杆

5.EFIengine电喷发动机

6.fuelinjector喷油器

7.intakemanifold进气歧管

8.ECU电子控制单元

9.air/fuelratio空燃比

10.coolingsystem制冷系

11.lubricatingsystem润滑系

12.lubricatingoil润滑油

13.electricalcurrent电流

14.startingsystem起动系

15.ignitionsystem点火系

16.autosparepart汽车零部件

17.powertrain传动系

18.drivingsystem传动系

19.universaljoint万向节

20.drivingaxle驱动桥，传动轴

21.steeringsystem转向系

22.steeringwheel方向盘

23.steeringcolumn转向柱

24.wormgearsector扇形轮

25.steeringdroparm转向垂臂

26.brakeleverassembly制动杆总成

27.anti-lockbrakesystem（ABS）制动防抱死系统

28.accelerationslipregulation（ASR）驱动防滑转系统

29.roofpanel（车身）顶板

30.lightingcircuit照明电路

31.trafficjam交通堵塞

32.fueleconomy燃油经济性

33.exhaustemission尾气排放污染物

NotestoText

1.Acarcontainsdozensofdifferenttechnologies.Everythingfromtheenginetothetiresisitsownspecialuniverseofdesignandengineering.

一辆车包含了许多不同的技术。

从发动机到轮胎，每一个零部件都有自己专门的设计和工程技术领域。

dozensof许多，几十

例如：

fordozensofyears许多年以来，好几十年以来。

2.Supposetheengineisagasolineengine,thefuelsystempumpsliquidgasolinefromatankintothecarburetorwherethegasolinecanbemixedwithair.

假如发动机为汽油机，燃油供给系会把油箱里的液态汽油泵到化油器，并在此处将汽油与空气混合。

3.Thepurposeofthelubricatingsystemistosupplyallmovingpartsinsidetheenginewithlubricatingoil;theoilkeepsmovingpartsfromwearingexcessively.

润滑系的作用是给发动机内部的运动件提供润滑油；润滑油可使运动件避免过度的磨损。

keep…from阻止，使免于

4.Theignitionsystemprovideshigh-voltageelectricsparksthatsetfiretothechargesofair-fuelmixtureintheenginecombustionchambers.

点火系产生高压电火花点燃发动机燃烧室内的可燃混合物。

setfireto使燃烧；点燃，该短语中to的词性为介词，后面要跟名词。

5.However,theheatenergyforignitingthechargeiscreatedwithinthedieselenginebycompressingpureairtoadegreethatwillinitiatecombustionandtheninjectingthefuelattherighttimeinrelationtothemovementofthecrankshaft.

可是，在柴油发动机中，燃油点火的热能是靠将空气压缩到可以引燃的程度来产生的，并在对应于曲轴转动的恰当时刻喷入燃料。

thatwillinitiatecombustion为定语从句，修饰degree。

6.Achassiswhichisconsideredasasupportframeforanautobodyisusedtoassembleallautosparepartsonit.

底盘被用来总装汽车零部件，它被认为是车身的支架。

7.ASRstandsfor"AccelerationSlipRegulation"anditisthewayofguarantyingthatthewheelshaveequaltractionwhenyouneedtoacceleratequickly.

ASR代表驱动防滑转，它是保证当你要急加速时，每个车轮有相等的地面附着力的措施。

Exercises

1.Questionstothetext

（1）Whatisthefunctionoftheautomobileengine？

（2）Whatisthesteeringsystemcomposedof？

（3）WhatdoABSandASRmean？

（4）Isthewaytoproducetheheatenergydifferentbetweengasolineanddieselengines？

Why？

（5）