Automatic English.docx

1、Automatic EnglishUnit OneStructure of AutomobileThe car is one of the most fascinating devices that a person can own. Cars are also one of the most pervasive devices, with a typical American family owning two cars.A car contains dozens of different technologies. Everything from the engine to the tir

2、es is its own special universe of design and engineering. But any automobiles are made up of four basic sections: engine, chassis, body and electrical system.The automobile engine is an internal combustion engine which converts the heat energy of fuel into mechanical energy to make the car move. In

3、the internal combustion engine, combustible mixture is compressed and then burned inside the engine cylinders. The burning of air-fuel mixture produces high pressure which forces piston to move downward. The movement is transmitted to the crankshaft by the connecting rod. The crankshaft is made to r

4、otate then. The rotary motion is carried through the power train to the car wheels so that they run and the car moves. As the source of power, the engine requires a fuel system to supply it with the mixture of air and fuel or fuel. It plays a vital role in the power-producing process. Suppose the en

5、gine is a gasoline engine, the fuel system pumps liquid gasoline from a tank into the carburetor where the gasoline can be mixed with air. The mixture is delivered to the engine where it is burned. If engine is EFI engine, fuel is delivered from the tank to the injector by means of an electric fuel

6、pump. The fuel injectors, which directly control fuel metering to the intake manifold, are pulsed by the ECU. The ECU determines air/fuel ratio of the engine according to engine condition.The engine also needs a cooling system, because the combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the engine creates a v

7、ery high temperature (as high as 2000 to 2700). The cooling system takes heat away from the engine by either circulating a liquid coolant (water mixed with antifreeze) between the engine and a radiator, or passing air through the radiator. Today, liquid-cooled engines are common. It cools off as it

8、goes through the radiator. Thus, the coolant continually takes heat away from the engine, where it could do damage and delivers it to the radiator. The engine also includes a lubricating system. The purpose of the lubricating system is to supply all moving parts inside the engine with lubricating oi

9、l; the oil keeps moving parts from wearing excessively.The fourth is starting system and its purpose is to change the electrical current into the mechanical energy to push the crankshaft around. By means of this, the engine can be started.Because the way to produce the heat energy is different betwe

10、en gasoline and diesel engines, there is only the ignition system in gasoline engine. The ignition system provides high-voltage electric sparks that set fire to the charges of air-fuel mixture in the engine combustion chambers. However, the heat energy for igniting the charges is created within the

11、diesel engine by compressing pure air to a degree that will initiate combustion and then injecting the fuel at the right time in relation to the movement of the crankshaft.A chassis which is considered as a support frame for an auto body is used to assemble all auto spare parts on it. In fact, when

12、power from engine continues to be transmitted to chassis, it begins with power train, goes on to steering, wheel suspension, brakes and tires. These individual components interact with each other closely. Therefore, a chassis itself can be divided into following systems: Driving system connects the

13、transmission with the driving axle. In effect, the driving system works by transmitting engine power to the driving wheels. The driving system consists of the clutch, transmission, universal joint, driving axle, etc.Steering system is used to control the driving direction of an automobile. It is com

14、posed of the steering wheel, steering column, worm gear sector, steering drop arm and worm.Brake system is a balanced set of mechanical and hydraulic devices used to retard the motion of the vehicle by means of friction. It consists of the drum or disc brake assembly, brake lever assembly, etc.An an

15、ti-lock brake system (ABS) is a computer-controlled brake system that helps prevent wheel lockup during braking. ABS system can maintain control of the vehicle. It works by limiting the pressure to any wheel, which decelerates too rapidly. This allows maximum stopping force to be applied without bra

16、ke lockup. ASR stands for Acceleration Slip Regulation and it is the way of guarantying that the wheels have equal traction when you need to accelerate quickly.The automobile body which is regarded as the framework is seated on the chassis. Its function is obvious for occupants to provide comfort, p

17、rotection and shelter. The automobile body is generally divided into four sections: the front, the upper or top, rear and the underbody. These sections are further divided into small units, such as the hood, the fenders, the roof panels, the door, the instrument panel, the bumpers and the luggage co

18、mpartment.The electrical system is considered an auto electric power source supplies lighting power for the automobile. The electrical system contains battery, lights, generator, engine ignition, lighting circuit, and various switches that control their use.With the rapid development of automobile i

19、ndustry, the new models of automobiles are becoming better and better in design and performance. When automobiles are very popular with people, many negative problems corresponding to the facts have to be considered by scientists, such as energy crisis, air pollution and traffic jam. So scientists a

20、nd auto manufacturers are doing their best to improve fuel economy, control exhaust emissions, the governments are taking active measures to resolve traffic problems at the same time.New Words1.fascinating adj迷人的，吸引人的 2.pervasive adj.遍及的,弥漫的 3.engine n.发动机4.chassis n.底盘5.body n.车身bustion n. 燃烧 busti

21、ble adj.易燃的，易激动的 8.cylinder n.汽缸9.piston n.活塞 10.crankshaft n.曲轴11.rotate v.旋转12.vital adj.至关重要的13.tank n.油箱14.suppose v.假定，推测 15.pulse vt.用脉冲输送16.coolant n.制冷剂，冷却液17.radiator n.散热器，水箱18.lubricate v.润滑 19.wear v.磨损20.gasoline n.汽油 21.diesel n.柴油机22.ignition n.点火,着火23.voltage n.电压24.spark n.火花25.char

22、ge n.填充物26.suspension n.悬架27.brake n.制动器，刹车28.tire n.轮胎29.interact v.相互作用，相互影响 30.transmission n.变速器31.clutch n.离合器32.hydraulic adj.液压的33.drum n.鼓34.disc n.盘35.lockup n.锁定，锁住36.decelerate v.（使）减速37.guaranty v.保证, 抵押, 担保38.hood n.发动机罩39.fender n. 挡泥板40.underbody n.底板41.bumper n.保险杠42.luggage n.行李43.b

23、attery n.蓄电池44.generator n.发电机Phrases and Expressions1. electrical system 电气系统2. internal combustion engine 内燃机3. combustible mixture 可燃混合物4. connecting rod 连杆5. EFI engine 电喷发动机6. fuel injector 喷油器7. intake manifold 进气歧管8. ECU 电子控制单元9. air/fuel ratio 空燃比10. cooling system 制冷系11. lubricating system

24、润滑系12. lubricating oil 润滑油13. electrical current 电流14. starting system 起动系15. ignition system 点火系16. auto spare part 汽车零部件17. power train 传动系18. driving system 传动系19. universal joint 万向节20. driving axle 驱动桥，传动轴21. steering system 转向系22. steering wheel 方向盘23. steering column 转向柱24. worm gear sector 扇

25、形轮25. steering drop arm 转向垂臂26. brake lever assembly 制动杆总成27. anti-lock brake system (ABS) 制动防抱死系统28. acceleration slip regulation（ASR） 驱动防滑转系统29. roof panel （车身）顶板30. lighting circuit 照明电路31. traffic jam 交通堵塞32. fuel economy 燃油经济性33. exhaust emission 尾气排放污染物Notes to Text1. A car contains dozens of

26、different technologies. Everything from the engine to the tires is its own special universe of design and engineering.一辆车包含了许多不同的技术。从发动机到轮胎，每一个零部件都有自己专门的设计和工程技术领域。dozens of 许多，几十例如：for dozens of years许多年以来，好几十年以来。2. Suppose the engine is a gasoline engine, the fuel system pumps liquid gasoline from

27、a tank into the carburetor where the gasoline can be mixed with air.假如发动机为汽油机，燃油供给系会把油箱里的液态汽油泵到化油器，并在此处将汽油与空气混合。3. The purpose of the lubricating system is to supply all moving parts inside the engine with lubricating oil; the oil keeps moving parts from wearing excessively.润滑系的作用是给发动机内部的运动件提供润滑油；润滑

28、油可使运动件避免过度的磨损。keepfrom 阻止，使免于4. The ignition system provides high-voltage electric sparks that set fire to the charges of air-fuel mixture in the engine combustion chambers.点火系产生高压电火花点燃发动机燃烧室内的可燃混合物。set fire to 使燃烧；点燃，该短语中to的词性为介词，后面要跟名词。5. However, the heat energy for igniting the charge is created

29、 within the diesel engine by compressing pure air to a degree that will initiate combustion and then injecting the fuel at the right time in relation to the movement of the crankshaft.可是，在柴油发动机中，燃油点火的热能是靠将空气压缩到可以引燃的程度来产生的，并在对应于曲轴转动的恰当时刻喷入燃料。that will initiate combustion为定语从句，修饰degree。6. A chassis wh

30、ich is considered as a support frame for an auto body is used to assemble all auto spare parts on it.底盘被用来总装汽车零部件，它被认为是车身的支架。7. ASR stands for Acceleration Slip Regulation and it is the way of guarantying that the wheels have equal traction when you need to accelerate quickly.ASR代表驱动防滑转，它是保证当你要急加速时，每个车轮有相等的地面附着力的措施。Exercises1. Questions to the text（1）What is the function of the automobile engine？（2）What is the steering system composed of？（3）What do ABS and ASR mean？（4）Is the way to produce the heat energy different between gasoline and diesel engines？Why？（5）