医学英语内科学词汇.docx
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医学英语内科学词汇
1.呼吸系统
鼻nose
鼻腔nasalcavity
鼻旁窦paranasalsinus
喉larynx
主支气管bronchi
肺lung
胸膜pleura
胸廓chestcast
纵隔mediastinum
气管trachea
环状软骨cricoidcartilage
甲状软骨thyroidcartilage
严重急性呼吸器官综合症SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromeSARS
急性上呼吸道感染acuteupperrespiratorytractinfection
普通感冒commoncold
流行性感冒influenza
慢性支气管炎chronicbronchitis
慢性喘息性支气管炎chronicasthmaticbronchitis
代偿性肺气肿compensatoryemphysema
慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease,COPD
阻塞性肺气肿obstructivepulmonaryemphysema
气肿型pinkpuffer
紫肿型bluebloater
肺大疱pulmonarybullae
大疱性肺气肿bullousemphysema
慢性肺源型心脏病chronicpulmonaryheartdisease
肺性脑病pulmonaryencephalopathy
纵隔气肿mediastinalemphysema
戒烟smokingcessation
过敏性肉芽肿allergicgranulmatosis
速尿furosemide
肺动脉栓塞pulmonaryembolism
肺栓塞pulmonaleembolism
支气管哮喘bronchialasthma
气道高反应性airwayhyperresponsiveness
运动性哮喘exercise-inducedasthma
气道重塑airwayremodeling
咳嗽变异性哮喘coughvariantasthma
支气管激发试验bronchialprovocationtest
沙丁胺醇salbutamol
特布他林terbutaline
沙美特罗salmeterol
布地奈德budesonide
哮喘持续状态statusasthmaticus
全球性哮喘防治建议
GlobalInitiativeforAsthma,GINA
支气管扩张症bronchiectasis
巨大气管—支气管tracheobronchomegaly
异物foreignbody
肺容积basallungvolume
基础肺容量basallungcapacity
潮气容积tidalvolume,TV
补呼吸容积expiratoryreservevolume,ERV
深吸气量inspiratorycapacity,IC
肺活量vitalcapacity,VC
功能残气量functionalresidualcapacity
肺总量totallungcapacity,TLC
残气容积residualvolume,RV
每分钟静息通气量minuteventilation,MV
最大通气量maximalvoluntaryventilation,MVV
用力肺活量forcedvitalcapacity,FVC
第1秒用力呼气量forcedexpiratoryvolumein1second,FEV1
最大呼气中段流量maximalmid-expiratoryflowcurve,MMEF
肺泡通气量alveolarventilation
生理无效腔deadspaceventilation
最大呼气中段时间maximalmid-expiratorytime
最大呼气流量peakexpiratoryflow,PEF
通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusionratio
弥散量diffusingcapacity
闭合容积closingvolume
最大呼气流量-容积曲线maximumexpiratoryflow-volumecurve,MEFV
静态肺顺应性staticlungcompliance
动态肺顺应性dynamiclungcompliance
实际碳酸氢actualbicarbonate,AB
标准碳酸氢standardbicarbonate,SB
缓冲碱bufferbases
剩余碱basesexcess
血浆CO2含量totalplasmaCO2content
CO2结合力carbondioxidecombiningpower,CO2-CP
阴离子间隙aniongap,AG
高碳酸血症后碱中毒posthypercapnicalkalosis
支气管灌洗bronchiallavage(BL)
支气管肺泡灌洗bronchial-alveolarlavage(BAL)
呼吸衰竭respiratoryfailure
氧气oxygen
低氧血症hypoxemia
高碳酸血症hypercapnia
高通气综合征hyperventilationsyndrome
急性低氧性呼吸衰竭acutehypoxemicrespiratoryfailure
肺泡低通气综合征alveolarhypoventilationsyndrome
急性呼吸窘迫综合症acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome,ARDS
急性肺损伤acutelunginjury,ALI
限制性通气不足restrictivehypoventilation
阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征obstructivesleepapneasyndrome,OSA
肺动脉高压pulmonaryarterialhypertension
呼气延长expiratoryretard
气管内插管术endotrachealintubation
trachealcannula(套管、插管)
trachealintubation
撤离机械通气weanfrommachineventilation
允许性高碳酸血症permissivehypercapnia
保护性肺通气策略lungprotectiveventilationstrategy
无创正压通气non-invasivepositivepressureventilation,NIPPV
双气道正压biphasicpositiveairwaypressure,Bi-PAP
控制通气contralmechanicalventilation,CMV
辅助通气assistmechanicalventilation,AMV
同步、间歇强制通气synchronizedintermittentmandatoryventilation,SIMV
呼气末正压positiveendexpiratorypressure,PEEP
反比通气inverseratioventilation,IRV
肺炎pneumonia
吸入性肺炎inhalationpneumonia
大叶性肺炎lobarpneumonia
小叶性肺炎lobularpneumonia
社区获得性肺炎communityacquiredpneumonia,CAP
医院获得性肺炎hospitalacquriedpneumonia,HAP
呼吸机相关性肺炎ventilatorassociatedpneumonia,VAP
肺炎球菌肺炎pneumococcalpneumonia
肺炎链球菌肺炎streptococcuspneumonia
葡萄球菌肺炎staphylococcuspneumonia
克雷白杆菌肺炎Klebsiellarpneumonia
军团菌肺炎Legionellapneumonia
支原体肺炎mycoplasmalpneumonia
衣原体肺炎chlamydiapneumonia
念珠菌病candidiasis
肺脓肿lungabscess
肺曲菌病pulmonaryaspergillosis
变应性支气管肺曲病allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis
厌氧菌anaerobe
胸膜粘连pleuraladhesion
胸膜增厚pleuralthickening
正电子发射体层成像positronemissiontomography,PET
脓胸pyothorax,empyema
艾滋病acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome,AIDS
肺结核pulmonarytuberculosis
咯血hemoptysis
原发型肺结核primarytuberculosis
原发综合征primarycomplex
血行播散型肺结核hematogenouspulmonarytuberculosis
慢性血行播散型肺结核chronicdisseminatedtuberculosis
浸润型肺结核infiltrativepulmonarytuberculosis
慢性纤维空洞型肺结核chronicfibro-cavitativepulmonarytuberculosis
急性粟粒性肺结核acutemiliarypulmonarytuberculosis
干酪样坏死caseousnecrosis
结素的纯蛋白衍生物
PurifiedProteinDerivative,PPD
旧结素oldtuberculinOT
异烟肼isoniazid
利福平rifampin
链霉素streptomycin
吡嗪酰胺pyrazinamide
对氨基水杨酸钠sodiumpara-aminosalicylate
间质性肺疾病interstitiallungdiseaseILD
特发性肺纤维化idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosisIPF
肺泡蛋白质沉积症pulmonaryalveolarproteinosisPAP
特发性肺含铁血黄素沉积症idiopathicpulmonaryhemosiderosis
外源性变应性肺泡炎extrinsicallergicalveolitis
矽肺silicosis
结节病sarcoidosis
尘肺pneumoconiosis
原发性支气管肺癌primarybronchogeniccarcinoma
错构瘤hamartoma
肺癌lungcancer
自发性气胸spontaneouspneumothorax
闭合性气胸closedpneumothorax
开放性气胸openpneumothorax
张力性气胸tensionpneumothorax
液气胸hydropneumothorax
胸腔积液pleumonia,pleuraleffusion
包裹性积液interlobulareffusion
肺不张atelectasis
阻塞性肺不张obstructiveatelectasis
钙化calcification
渗出性病变exudation
空洞cavity
纵隔mediastinum
纵隔肿瘤mediastinaltumor
磁共振显像magneticresonanceimaging,MRI
2.循环系统
动脉artery
静脉vein
毛细血管capillary
体循环greatcirculation
肺循环lessercirculation(pulmonarycirculation)
心底cardiacbase
心尖cardiacapex
右心房rightatrium
右心室rightventricle
左心房leftatrium
左心室leftventricle
心内膜endocardium
心外膜epicardium
心肌层myocardium
房间隔interatrialseptum
室间隔interventricularseptum
心传导系统conductionsystemoftheheart
窦房结sinoatrialnode
房室结atrioventricularnode
房室束atrioventricularbundle
心包pericardium
动脉artery
静脉vein
脾spleen
超声心动ultrasoundcardiogram
心力衰竭heartfailure
充血性心力衰竭congestiveheartfailure
难治性心力衰竭intractableheartfailure
心功能障碍cardiacdysfunction
收缩功能不全性心力衰竭Systolicinsufficiencyheartfailure
舒张功能不全性心力衰竭Diastolicinsufficiencyheartfailure
左室射血分数leftventricularejectionfractor,LVEF
心室重塑remodeling
心钠素atrialnatriureticfactor,ANF
脑钠素brainnatriureticpeptide,BNP
血管加压素(抗利尿激素)vasopressin
缓激肽bradykinin
硝酸甘油nitroglycerin
乌拉地尔urapidil
氨力农amrinone
硝普钠sodiumnitroprusside
节律rhythm
心律失常cardiacarrhythmia
触发活动triggeredactivity
后除极Afterdepolarization
心室晚电位lateventricularpotential
窦房结恢复时间sinusnoderecoverytime,SNRT
窦房传导时间sinoatrialconductiontime,SACT
窦性心动过缓sinusbradycardia
窦性停搏sinuspauseorsinusarrest
窦性阻滞sinoatrialblock
病态窦房结综合征sicksinussyndrome
固有心率intrinsicheartrate
外源性的……extrinsic
房性早搏atrialprematurebeats
房性心动过速atrialtachycardia
自律性房性心动过速autematicatrialtachycardia
折返性房性心动过速reentrantatrialtachycardia
混乱性房性心动过速chaoticatrialtachycardia
多源性房性心动过速multifocalatrialtachycardia
心房扑动atrialflutter
心房颤动atrialfibrillation
房室交界性过早搏动prematureatrioventricularjunctionalbeats
房室交界性逸搏AVjunctionalescapebeats
房室交界性心律AVjunctionalrhythm
非阵发性房室交界性心动过速
nonparoxysmalatrioventricularjunctiontachycardia
阵发性室上性心动过速
paroxysmalsupraventriculartachycardia,PSVT
房室结折返性心动过速AVnodalreentranttachycardia
预激综合征preexcitationsyndrome
房室旁路通道accessoryatrioventricularpathways
房—希斯束atriohisiantracts
结室纤维nondoventricularfibers
分支室纤维fasciculoventricularfibers
室性期前收缩,室性早搏prematureventricualrcontraction
室性早搏prematureventricularbeats
室性并行心律ventricularparasystole
室性心动过速ventriculartachycardia
加速性室性自主节律acceleratedidioventricularrhythm
尖端扭转型室性心动过速torsadesdepointes
心室扑动ventricularflutter
心室颤动ventricularfibrillation
房室传导阻滞atrioventricularblock
室内传导阻滞intraventricularblock
右束支传导阻滞rightbundlebranchblock
左前(后)分支阻滞leftanterior(posterior)fascicularblock
双分支阻滞和三分支阻滞bifascicularblockandtrifascicularblock
心脏性猝死suddencardiacdeath
心源性休克cardiogenicshock
过敏性休克anaphylacticshock
心脏骤停Cardiacarrest
无脉性电活动Pulselesselectricalactivity(PEA)
电机械分离electromechanicaldissociation
捶击复律thumpversion
胸按压chestcompression
心肺复苏cardiopulmonaryresuscitation,CPR
人工心脏起搏artificialcardiacpacing
起搏器pacemaker
埋藏式心内复律除颤器implantablecardioverterdefibrillator
心脏电复律cardioversion
心脏电除颤defibrillation
血管重建Revascularization
埋藏式自动心脏复律除颤器
automaticimplantablecardioverteranddefibrillator(AICD)
心血管病介入治疗
interventionaltherapyforcardiovasculardiseases
经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术
percutaneoustransluminalcoronaryangioplasty,PTCA
经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术
percutaneousballoonpulmonicvalvuloplastyPBPV
经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣交界分离术
percutaneousballoonmitralvalvecommissurotomyPBMV
冠状动脉旁路移植术coronaryarteriabypassgrafting
心导管消蚀catheterablation
先天性心血管病congenitalcardiovasculardisease
肺动脉狭窄Pulmonicstenosis
单纯肺动脉口狭窄Isolatedpulmonicstenosis
主动脉缩窄Coarctationoftheaorta
单纯肺动脉扩张Idiopathicdilatationofthepulmonaryartery
原发性肺动脉高压Primarypulmonaryhypertension
双侧上腔静脉(左上腔静脉残存)Persistentleftsuperiorvenacava
孤立性右位心Isolateddextrocardia
房间隔缺损Atrialseptaldefect
部分性肺静脉畸形引流Partialanomalouspulmonaryvenousdrainage
室间隔缺损Ventricularseptaldefect(VSD)
艾森门格综合征Eisenmenger’ssyndrome
动脉导管未闭Patentductusarteriosus(PDA)
法洛四联症TetralogyofFallot
法洛三联症TrilogyofFallot
完全性大血管错位Completetranspositionofthegreatvessels
房间隔缺损Atrialseptaldefect(ASD)
高血压hypertension
原发性高血压essentialhypertension
继发性高血压secondaryhypertension
高血压急症Hypertensiveurgencies
高血压危象Hypertensivecrisis
高血压危症Hypertensiveemergencies
白大衣性高血压“Whitecoat”hypertension
单纯收缩期高血压Isolatedsystolichypertension
小动脉硬化Arteriolosclerosis
体重指数bodymassindexBMI
动态血压监测
ambulatorybloodpressuremonitoring
Vasodilator血管扩张剂
phlebectasis静脉扩张
arteriectasis动脉扩张
Diuretic利尿剂
thiazidediuretic噻嗪类利尿剂
loopdiuretic袢利尿剂;
potassium-sparingdiuretics保钾利尿剂
inotropicagent正性肌力药
digitalispreparation洋地黄制剂;
adrenergicreceptorstimulant肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂;
phosphodiesteraseinhibitor磷酸二酯酶抑制剂
Bradykinin缓激肽
血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂angiotensinconvertingenz