人教版必修五第10讲Unit5First aid语法篇学生版.docx
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人教版必修五第10讲Unit5Firstaid语法篇学生版
Unit5Firstaid-语法篇
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1.学会if引导的省略句的用法||;
2.能够使用if引导的省略句的知识点作对相关题目||,灵活使用。
省略句
种类
例句
说明
主语的省略
Beautifulday(=Itisabeautifulday)||,isn’tit?
Pitywelivesofarfromthesea.(Itisapitywelivesofarfromthesea.)
有时也可省略整个句子的主语和谓语||,只保留次要成分。
Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.
--Didyouknowanythingabouttheaccident?
--Notuntilyoutoldme.(=Ididn’tknowanythingaboutituntilyoutoldme.)
谓语的省略
--whatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?
--Losinghernewbicycle(madeMarysoupset).
状语从句的省略
Seenfromtheplane(whenitisseenfromtheplane)||,thehouselooksliketinytoys.
If(itis)possible||,I’llgotherewithyou.
注意状语从句中的主语同主句主语的一致性。
不定式的省略
Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet||,buthismothertoldhimnotto.(nottoridehisbicycleinthestreet.)
--Alice||,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?
--Iwasgoingto(comeyesterday)||,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.
若不定式后面是完成时||,省略时应保留have||;不定式后含有动词be的结构时||,也要保留be动词。
--Didyoutellhimthenews?
--Ioughttohave(toldhimthenews)||,butIdidn’tknowhowtospeak.
--Areyouanengineer?
--No||,butIwanttobe.
状语从句中的省略用法
一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致||,且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式(am/is/are/was/were)可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
1.when||,while引导的时间状语从句
e.g.当你过马路的时候一定要小心。
Dobecarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.
在我去工作的路上||,我遇见了她。
When/While(Iwas)onmywaytowork||,Imether.
2.if||,unless||,once引导的条件状语从句
e.g.If(itis)properlytreated||,wastewilldonoharmtotheenvironment.
我不会去晚会的||,除非我被邀请。
I’llnotgotothepartyunless(Iam)invited.
一旦你在超市里被抓到偷东西||,你会受到惩罚的。
Once(youare)caughtstealinginasupermarket||,youwillbepunished.
3.though||,although||,whether||,nomatterwhether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句
e.g.他很开心||,尽管他很贫穷。
Hewashappy||,though/although(hewas)poor.
他虽然年轻但懂得很多。
Though(heis)young||,heknowsalot.
Nomatterhow/Howeverhardthetask(is)||,wemustfulfillitintime.
(注:
从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时||,只省略从句中的be动词形式)
4.asif||,asthough引导的方式状语从句
e.g. Shelaythere||,asif(shewas)dead.(省略的主语和主句的主语一致)
Heopenedhislipsasif(heweregoing)tosaysomething.他张开嘴唇||,好像要说什么话似的。
Hestoodupasif/though(hewanted)toleave.(asif/though+todo表示一个将来的动作)
二、than||,as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法:
当不同的主语进行比较时||,一般省略从句中的谓语||;当从句中的主语与谓语(be动词除外)和主句中的主语与谓语相同时||,通常省略从句中的主语和谓语||,只保留比较部分。
e.g.Heistallerthanhisbrother(is).
Ihaveasmuchasconfidenceinyouas(Ihaveconfidence)inhim.
三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:
通常省略了itis||,thatis||,thereis/are。
E.g.如果有必要的话||,这个老庙会被重新修建。
If(itis)possible/necessary||,thisoldtemplewillberebuilt.
If(thatis)so||,Iwillcallyoubackat5:
00pm.
Thereareonlyafewbooksinourschoollibrary||,if(thereare)any.
四、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略
关系代词that||,which||,whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时||,可以省略||;inwhich或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
e.g.你昨天拜访的那个人是我的祖父。
Theman(that/who/whom)youvisitedlastnightismygrandpa.
我不喜欢你对待这个女孩的方式。
Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)youtreatthegirl.
五、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1.当条件状语从句中有were||,had||,should等时省略if||,把它们提至句首||,形成倒装句。
e.g.IfIwereateacher||,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.
=WereIateacher||,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.
2.Suggest||,insist||,order||,require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中||,谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”||,should可以省略。
e.g.医生建议他尽力去减肥。
Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytoloseweight.
六、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容||,替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。
可与believe||,do||,expect||,fear||,guess||,hope||,say||,speak||,suppose||,think||,I’mafraid等连用
e.g.–Doyousupposeheisgoingtoattendthemeeting?
–Isupposenot.
—Canyoufinishyourworktoday?
—我认为能。
Ithinkso.
—我认为不能。
Idon'tthinkso./Ithinknot.
七、日常交际中的省略
在情景会话中||,答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分||,而只保留对方希望了解的内容。
在复合句或并列句中||,也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。
e.g.–Howmanycopiesdoyouwant?
--(Iwant)Threecopies||,please.
--HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?
--No||,(Ihave)never(beentotheGreatWall).
注意:
1.感官动词see||,hear||,feel||,watch等和使役动词have||,make||,let等后接不定式作宾语时||,不定式省略to。
2.donothingbut||,can’thelpbut等结构常接省略to的不定式。
e.g.我们昨天只是仅仅呆在家里看电视了。
Wedidn’tdoanythingbutstayathomewatchingTVyesterday.
听到这个消息||,她禁不住哭了。
Hearingthenews||,shecouldn’thelpbutcry.
3.在特定语境中为了避免重复||,当不定式再次出现时||,在want||,wish||,hope||,try||,plan||,like||,love||,hate后往往只保留to||,而省略后面的动词。
但不定式后有be||,have时||,也保留be和have。
e.g.Myparentsencouragedmetogotocollege||,(但是我不想去)butIdidn’twantto.
1.(2019·哈尔滨师范大学附属中学月考)Alloftheclothesintheshoparesoldathalfprice||,________otherwisenoted.
A.asB.if
C.untilD.unless
2.(2019·陕西咸阳高考模拟考试二)Justnowthepatientopenedhermouthasif________somethingtoherhusband.
A.saidB.say
C.tosayD.tohavesaid
3.(2019·哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁实验中学一联)—Hi||,areyouanengineerinLenovoGroup?
—No||,butI________.
A.wanttoB.wanttobe
C.wantsoD.wantit
4.(2019·济宁模拟)Asisoftenthecase||,littleTom||,if________||,ismostlikelytostopcryingsoon.
A.leftignoring B.leftignored
C.leavingignoringD.leavingignored
5.(2019·佳木斯一中高三第四次调研)Heisreadytohelpothers||,seldom||,________refusingthemwhentheyturntohim.
A.ifneverB.ifever
C.ifnotD.ifany
基础演练
一、单项填空
1.—What’sthematterwithDella?
—Well||,herparentswouldn’tallowhertogototheparty||,butshestill________.
A.hopesto B.hopesso
C.hopesnotD.hopesfor
2.SomeofyoumayhavefinishedUnitone.________||,youcangoontoUnittwo.
A.IfyoumayB.Ifyoudo
C.IfnotD.Ifso
3.—Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?
—Yes.________||,I’mgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.
A.IfeverB.IfbusyC.IfanythingD.Ifpossible
4.ThehouseIgrewup________hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.
A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich
5.—WilltheSmithsleaveforAustraliathisspring?
—No||,theyfinallydecided________.
A.nottoleaveB.notleavingC.nottoD.nottobeleaving
6.Hedecidednottosayanythingatthemeetingunless________.
A.askingtoB.toasktoC.askedtoD.askto
7.—Haveyouwateredtheflowers?
—No||,but________.
A.IamB.I’mgoingC.I’mjustgoingtoD.Iwillgo
8.________hecometomorrow||,Iwouldletyouknow.
A.WouldB.ShouldC.ShallD.If
9.—DidyouhaveagoodtimeinThailandlastweek?
—________.Itwastoohot.
A.NotreallyB.Yeah||,whynotC.Oh||,greatD.You’reright
10.—IlistentoEnglisheverydayovertheradio.
—________interesting.
A.SoundsB.SoundingC.ItissoundedD.Sound
11.—Doyouthinkwewillhavealongholidaynextmonth?
—________.
A.IbelievenotB.IbelievenotsoC.Idon’tbelieveitD.Idon’tbelieve
12.Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow||,and________.
A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhite
C.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite
13.Ifthefoodtastesnice||,we’llbuysome||;if________||,________.
A.no||;noB.not||;not
C.not||;noD.no||;not
14.—Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?
—Theboss||,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder________.
A.astoldB.asaretold
C.astellingD.astheytold
15.—Mymotherispreparingmyfavoritedishes.Gowithmeandhaveataste||,okay?
—________.AndI’llbegladtomeetyourparents.
A.IthinksoB.I’dloveto
C.I’msureD.Ihopeso
巩固提高
一、句型转换(使用省略来改写句子)
1.Sheworkshard.Itisnowonderthatshepassedtheexam.
Sheworkshard.____________________________________________.
2.Theyhaven’tcompletedtheproject||,buttheyoughttohavecompletedit.
Theyhaven’tcompletedtheproject||,______________________________________.
3.Itiswelldone.
________________.
4.Errors||,ifthereareany||,shouldbecorrected.
Errors||,________________||,shouldbecorrected.
5.Ifwehadgonetotheparty||,wewouldhaveknownthefact.
________________________________________________||,wewouldhaveknownthefact.
二、用省略结构翻译句子
1.她想学好英语||,但不知道怎么学。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2.他建议我们去看电影。
________________________________________________________________________
3.他不像过去那样早起床了。
________________________________________________________________________
4.她除了等待另一个机会什么也不能做。
________________________________________________________________________
5.尽管被告知了很多次||,她仍然犯了同样的错误。
________________________________________________________________________
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三、短文改错
WhenIfirstlearnedtowriteinEnglish||,Iranintomuchdifficulties.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.Ifollowedheradviceandshouldputdown100wordsorsoeachday.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.Allsaidthestorywasagoodone.Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.
1.Whenfirst________tothemarket||,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.
A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced
2.Itshamesmetosayit||,butItoldaliewhen________atthemeetingbymyboss.
A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned
3.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.
A.seeingB.havingseenC