自考英语本科高级英语上下册课后短文翻译.docx

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自考英语本科高级英语上下册课后短文翻译.docx

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自考英语本科高级英语上下册课后短文翻译.docx

自考英语本科高级英语上下册课后短文翻译

RockmusicbeganinAmericainthelate1950’s.Itwasnotonlyanewmusicalform,butaforumfortheAmericanyouthtoexpresstheirideasoftheworldandlife.Inthisforum,thestarssangouttheattitudesoftheyouthtowardscivilrights,warandpeace,thedisaffectionoftheirsociety,andarangeofemotionsbetweenloveandhate.Allinall,inthisforum,theAmericanyouthredefinedthebeliefsandfeelingsoftheirsociety.ThetypicalrepresentativesoftheearlyrockmusicwereElvisPresley,singerandpoetBobDylan,theBealtles,therollingStonesandsoon.Theywerethecultureheroeswhomtheyoungpeopleworshipped.

TheAmericanyoungpeoplein1960’swereagenerationofrebellion.TheyfoundthattheaffluentAmericansocietywasfilledwithpoverty,injusticeandgypocrisy.Theydidn’ttrusttheadultworldthatdidn’tbelongtothemandrefusedtotaketheirbeliefsandvalues.Manyyoungpeopletookactivepartinthestrugglewhichprotestedagainstpoverty,racialdiscriminationandVietnamWar.Someyoungpeopleeventriedtooverthrowthisworldbyarmedrevolution.Manyotheryoungtookpassivewaystoshowtheirdisaffections.Theytookdrugs,refusedtotakeanyresponsibilitiesandlivedaparasiticwayoflife.Ortheyescapedtothefrontiersandlivedaprimitivewayoflife.

Mathildahadbeenillforthreedays.Hermotherhadgivenhersomemedicine,butitdidn’tdoanygood.Sotheyhadtoaskthedoctortocome.TherehadbeenanumberofcasesofdiphtheriainMathilda’sschoolandtwoofthemhadbeendead.WhenthedoctorarrivedatOlson’shome,hewantedtoexamineMthilda’sthroatfirst.Butnomatterhowhecoaxed,,Shewouldn’topenhermouth.Sothedoctorhadtogetthetonguedepressorintohermouth.ButMathildareducedittosplinters.InordertoprotectMathildaherselfandotherchildren,thedoctorhadtomakesurewhethershehaddiphtheriaornot,sothathecouldtreatherintime.LettingMathilda‘sfatherholdherwristshetriedhisbesttoopenhermouthandfoundshereallyhaddiphtheria.Thisstorymadeuscanthinksuchaquestionthatsomethinginlifecan’tonlydependonselfwillingness.Undersomecircumstances,certainforceseemsnecessary.

Theneedforlawsoneuthanasiacan’tbedodgedformuchlonger.Euthanasiaisatabooinmostcountries.Inthesecountriesdoctorscanonlypractiseitsecretly.Butitisopenlypracticedinsomecountries,suchasHolland.Rightnowmoreandmorecountriesaregoingovertheargumentsaboutlegalizingeuthanasia.

Whenapatientsuffersfromillnessforalongtimeandthereisnohopeofcuringit,whydowelethimpolongthethroes?

Whycan’twepractiseeuthanasiatostopthethroes?

Butifwelegalizeeuthanasia,therewillbeadangerSomeonemayuseitforkilling.Allinall,euthanasiaisquestionwecan’tdodge.

TheAmericanwomenmadegreatcontributionstothenation’sdevelopment,buttheyreceiveddifferentformsofprejudicesbecauseoftheirsex.Inpolitics,theydidallthetediousdetailsthatmadethedifferenebetweenvictoryanddefeatonelectiondayandseldomhadthechancetoreachabetterposition,whilethemenreapedtherewards.Ineconomy,mostwomendidthelower-payinganddead–endjobsandtheywerepaidlessthanthemenforthesamejob.ManyAmericanpeopledidn’tadmititwasprejudiceagainstwomen.Theysaiditwasonlyadifferentdivisionoflabourinsociety.Evenmanywomenwerecontentwiththeirrolesassecond-classcitizens.Sotheauthorsaiditwasalongpainfulstruggleforthewomentogetrealequality.

WhenIknewMagpiegotascholarshipofaCaliforniaUniversityandcouldgototheFineArtsSchooltostudy,Iwasverypleasedforhim.Iknewhewantedtobecomeapoetallthetime.Ialsoknewhehadagoodtalent.Itwasaverygoodchanceforhim.SoIwentbacktoCrowCreektotellhimaboutthegoodnewsandlethimfilloutsomepapers.ButIdidn’tfindhimathishome.HiswifesaidtheyhadnotbeentogetherforawhileandonlyheardhewasinChamberlain.ThenIwentforSalinaandaskedhertohelpmefindMagpie.SalinasaidMagpiehadchangedalotsincehewastakenintoprison.Shethoughthewasnotinterestedingoingtotheuniversityofwhitepeople.ButIsaidMagpiehadarighttoknowthisnewsandmakethedecisionwhethertogoornotbyhimself.Sheagreedandtookmetohisgoodfriend,Elgie.ButwhenIcouldreallyseeMagpieatlast,hehadbeenshotbythepolice.

MissBrillwasanEnglishwholivedinacoastalcityinFrance.Shewasoldandpoor.ShewouldgototheparkoneverySundayafternoon.Shealwayssatonthesamebench,listeningpeoplearoundhertalk,orwatchingotherpeople’slivesinfrontofher.ShesuddenlyhadafeelingonthatSundayafternoon.Shefeltthelifewaslikeaplayandshewasonepartofthecommunity.Shehadapartintheperformance.Atthistime,thefeelingoflonelinessbegantoescapeher.

Butjustatthistimesheheardacoupleofyoungpeopletalkaboutherwithcontempt.Eventheyoungmanaskedhertoleaveinalowvoice.Theshortfeelingofhappinessdisappeared.shewenthomewithabrokenheart.

Mancreatedlanguage.Itwasman’swayofcommunicatingwithhisfellowman.Thedifferencebetweenoralandwrittenlanguagewasthatorallanguagecouldtakethehumanvoicetoinfuseitwiththeshadesofdeepermeaning.FlowerswasnearlysingingwhenshereadATaleofTwoCities.Itsoundedbeautiful.Herreadingmademerealizethewonderoflanguage.Mrs.Flowersgavemenovelsandpoems.Ilearnedvalueoflifefromthesebooksandrealizedhowbeautifulthelanguageofliteratureworkswas.

Peoplehaveashortattentionspan.Soinordertocapturetheviewer’sattention,televisionmustprovideconstantstimulationthroughvariety,novelty,actionandmovement.Theresultofdoingsoisthatnewsistoobriefandresultsininefficientcommunication.Manynewsprogramsarelike“machine–gunningwithscraps“andfightcoherenceofmind.Theappealtotheshortattentionspanwilldecivilizeaswell.Toavoidcomplexitymeanstogiveupthinking.The“functionallyilliterates“amongadultAmericansarecontinuallyincreasing.Theyevendonotknowhowtoanswerthewantad.Orunderstandtheinstructionsonamedicinebottle.Atleasttelevisionshouldberesponsibleforpartofit.

Onenight,twoGermanmilitaryofficersweremurderedbyFrenchmen.Thenextday,aGermanofficerdeclaredtothirtyFrenchprisoners,“Myorderisthatonemanineverytenshallbeselectedandshottomorrow.Thatistosay,threeofyouthirtypeoplewilldietomorrow.Weareindifferentastowhichthree.Youcanchooseforyourselves.”

Theprisonershadaheateddiscussionaboutwhoshoulddie.Someonesaidtheoldpeopleshouldgofirst.Thiswasthewayofnature.Somepeoplesaidtheunmarriedshouldgofirstbecausetheyhadnoresponsibilities.Atlast,allconsentedtodrawinglotstodecidewhichthreewenttodie.Arichlawyerunfortunatelygotthedeathdraw.Hesaid,“I‘llgiveahundredthousandfrancstoanyonewhowilldieforme.“

Somepeoplewillfallasleepassoonastheirheadstouchthepillows.Somepeoplecan’tgotosleepalthoughtheyhavebeenlyinginbedseveralhours.Themorehewantstogotosleep,themorewakefulheis.Ibelongtothelatter.WhenIwriteanessay,Ifeelanoverpoweringdesireforsleep.ButwhenIgotobed,Icandoanythingbutsleep.Icancomposegrandsymphonies,paintmagnificentpicturesandwritegoodessays.Theartificialwaysofinducingsleeparelegion,buttheyareofnoavail.WhenIcan’tgotosleepatnight,IimagineadialoguewithafriendtillIeitherlaughorfallasleep.Ifindthisisagoodwaytogotosleep.

Asaverysmallchild,Imadeupmymindtobecomeawriterinfuture.WhenIbecomeawriter,whatIhavemostwantedtodoistomakepoliticalwritingintoaworkofart.Theopinionthatartshouldhavenothingtodowithpoliticsiswrong.Writingisexposinglies,protectingtruthandalsoanaestheticexperience.AnimalFarmwasthebookinwhichItriedtofusepoliticalpurposeandartisticpurposeintoonewhole.Writingshouldservethesocietyandthepublic.ThisistheprincipleImustfollow.Ifawriterlackspoliticalpurpose,hewillonlywritesomepurplepassages,evensomehumbug.

ThefirstthingRussellthinksisthemostordinaryfunctionofwork,namelythereliefoftedium.Hethinkseventhedullestworkislesspainfulthanidlenesstomostpeople.Thenhetalksabouthowtheworkcanprovidethepeoplewithopportunitiesfortheirambitions.Man,asamemberofthesociety,hopesthathecanprocuremoreandmoresocialachievements.Hepointsoutthatmostwomenaresounfortunatethattheycannotworkoutsidetheirhomes.Theyaredeprivedofthischance.

Itseemsthatdifferentkindsofworkgivepeoplesatisfactiontodifferentdegrees.Russellstudiestheconcerningtwochiefelements,thatistheexerciseofskillandconstruction.Whenheanalyzesthelatter

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