Introduction of Britain.docx

Introduction of Britain.docx

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IntroductionofBritain

IntroductiontoGreatBritain

GreatBritain（England,ScotlandandWales）issurroundedbyseasonallsidesandisseparatedfromtheEuropeancontinentbytheNorthSeaandtheEnglishChannel.Itisjust1,000kilometresfromthesouthcoasttothefarnorthandjustunder500kilometresinthewidestpart.NoplaceinGreatBritainismorethan120kilometresfromtidalwater.

GreatBritainisoneofthemostdenselypopulatedcountriesofEurope,withthesouthernpartsofthecountryreachingthehighestdensityfiguresofEuropeasawhole.

ThemainmountainregionsaretheCornishHeights,theCambrianinWales,theCambrianMountains（inLakeDistrict）andthePennies.ThehighestmountaininGreatBritainisBenNevisinScotland.

TherearemanyriversinGreatBritain.AmongthemostimportantriversistheThames,whichflowsintotheNorthSea.Itslengthis336kmanditisthedeepestriveinBritain.ItisnavigableasfarasthecapitalofGreatBritain–London.ThelongestriverinBritainistheSevern.Itslengthis354km（220miles）.OtherimportantriversincludetheTrent,theTayandtheTweed.（PoliticalmapofBritainshowingriversandmaintownsandcities）

Thecapitalandlargestcity,London,isinthesoutheastandissituatedatbothsidesoftheRiverThames.GreaterLondonhasatotallandareaof1,580squarekilometreswithapopulationof6.6millioninhabitants.Itisdividedin32boroughs.

WhyisEnglandortheUKsometimescalledBritain?

WheredoesthenameBritain

comefrom?

'WhenpeoplesayEngland,theysometimesmeanGreatBritain,sometimestheUnitedKingdom,sometimestheBritishIsles-butneverEngland.'

'HowtobeanAlien'byGeorgeMikes

GreatBritain

EnglandispartofanislandcalledGreatBritain,thelargestislandinEurope.GreatBritainistheofficialnamegiventothethetwokingdomsofEnglandandScotland,andtheprincipalityofWales.ItalsoincludesthesmalladjacentislandsexcepttheChannelIslandsandtheIsleofMan.SometimespeopleusetheshortennameBritaininsteadofGreatBritain.

Theterm"GreatBritain"wasusedforthefirsttimewhenEnglandandScotlandbecameasinglekingdomunderKingJamesVIofScotlandwhobecameKingJamesIofEnglandin1603.

GreatBritainismadeupof:

England-ThecapitalisLondon.

Scotland-ThecapitalisEdinburgh.

Wales-ThecapitalisCardiff.

UnitedKingdom

TogetherwiththeprovinceofNorthernIreland,GreatBritainispartoftheUnitedKingdom.TheofficialnameoftheUKisthe"UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland."TheUkisamemberoftheEuropeanUnion（EU）.

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland（UK）wasformedin1801andconstitutesthegreaterpartoftheBritishIsles.ThelargestoftheislandsisGreatBritain,whichcomprisesEngland,ScotlandandWales.Thenext

largestisIreland,comprisingNorthernIreland,whichispartoftheUK,and,inthesouth,theIrishRepublic.

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland（UK）issituatednorth-westoftheEuropeancontinentbetweentheAtlanticOceanandtheNorthSea.Ithasatotallandareaof244,100squarekilometres,ofwhichnearly99%islandandtheremainderinlandwater.Fromnorthtosouthitisabout1,000kilometreslong.

TheUnitedKingdomismadeupof:

England-ThecapitalisLondon.

Scotland-ThecapitalisEdinburgh.

Wales-ThecapitalisCardiff.

NorthernIreland-ThecapitalisBelfast.

（ThecapitaloftheUKisLondon.）

TheBritishIsles

GreatBritain,andotherislandsoffthenorthwestcoastofEuropearepartofagroupofislandscalledtheBritishIsles.

TheBritishIslesconsistsof:

∙GreatBritain（England,ScotlandandWales）

∙ThewholeofIreland

∙TheOrkneyandShetlandIslands

∙TheIsleofMan

∙TheInnerandOuterHebrides

∙TheIsleofWight

∙ScillyIslands

∙LundyIsland

∙TheChannelIslands

∙Plusmanyotheroffshoreislands.

TheBritishIslesismadeupof:

England-ThecapitalisLondon.

Scotland-ThecapitalisEdinburgh.

Wales-ThecapitalisCardiff.

NorthernIreland-ThecapitalisBelfast.

RepublicofIreland-ThecapitalisDublin.

andaboutfivethousandsmallislands.

WheredoesthenameBritaincomefrom?

Thename'Britain'isderivedfromtheLatinnameBritannia.ThecountriesEngland,ScotlandandWales,werecalledBritanniabytheRomans.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.theinhabitantswereknownasPritaniandunderRomanoccupationtheywereknownasBritones.

Theterm'GreatBritain'wasfirstofficiallyusedin1603whenKingJamesIofEngland（JamesVIofScotland）wasproclaimed'KingofGreatBritain'.Priortothis,itwasusedbysomewriterstodistinguishBritainfromBrittany,inFrance.

WheredoesthenameEnglandcomefrom?

EnglandusedtobeknownasEnglaland,meaningthelandoftheAngles,peoplefromcontinentalGermany,whobegantoinvadeBritaininthelate5thcentury,alongwiththeSaxonsandJute.

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Answers

EnchantedL

LabeltheBritishIsles

LabeltheBritishIslesonthemapbelow.

Geography

Printouts

AtlanticOcean-thebodyofwaterinwhichtheBritishIslesarelocated

Belfast-thecapitalofNorthernIreland

Cardiff-thecapitalofWales

CelticSea-theseasouthofIreland

Dublin-thecapitalofIreland

England-thelargestareaintheUnitedKingdom;itisattachedtoScotlandandWales

Edindurgh-thecapitalofScotland

EnglishChannel-thebodyofwateroffsouthernEnglandwhichseparatesitfromFrance

Hebrides-islandsoffthenorthwestcoastofScotland

Ireland-（theRepublicofIreland）-acountrywestofEnglandacrosstheIrishSea（notpartoftheUnitedKingdom）

IrishSea-thebodyofwaterthatseparatesEnglandandIreland

IsleofMan-anislandintheIrishSea（partoftheUnitedKingdom）

IsleofWight-anislandoffthesoutherncoastofEngland

London-thecapitalofEngland（andthecapitaloftheUnitedKingdom）

NorthSea-thebodyofwaternortheastoftheBritishIslesseparatingitfromnorthwesternEurope

NorthernIreland-apartoftheUnitedKingdomborderingtheRepublicofIrelandonthenortheast

OrkneyIslands-islandsoffthenortheastcoastofScotland

Scotland-apartoftheUnitedKingdomborderingEnglandonthenorth

ShetlandIslands-islandsfaroffthenortheastcoastofScotland

Wales-apartoftheUnitedKingdomborderingEnglandonthesouthwest

Answers-LabeltheBritishIsles

Geography

Printouts

Britainisinnorth-westEuropeandisanislandcountry

（Seemap）.Itisonly35kmfromFranceandisnowlinkedbyatunnelundertheEnglishChannel.ThesouthofBritainismostlylow-lyingland,withhillsandagriculturalland;thenorthofEngland,WalesandScotlandaremostlycoveredinmoorlandandmountains.

QuickFactsaboutourAmazingCountry!

Geographiccoordinates:

 5400N,200W

 Landarea:

 243,000sqkm（93,000sqmiles）.

 Coastline:

 12,429km

 Length:

Justunder1,000km（600miles）fromNorthtoSouth

 Width:

 About480Kmfromeasttowest

 Landuse:

arableland:

25%

permanentcrops:

0%

permanentpastures:

46%

forestsandwoodland:

10%

other:

19%（1993est.）

 Naturalresources:

coal,petroleum,naturalgas,tin,limestone,ironore,salt,clay,chalk,gypsum,lead,silica,arableland

 CapitalCity:

 LondonisthecapitaloftheUKandofEngland.EdinburghisthecapitalofScotland.BelfastisthecapitalofNorthernIreland.CardiffisthecapitalofWales.

 MainCities:

London,Manchester,Birmingham,Liverpool,Glasgow,Edinburgh,Cardiff

OfficialLanguage:

 English

 MainReligion:

 Christianity

Continent:

 Europe

NumberofcountriesinEurope:

 48

Highestmountain:

 BenNevisinScotland,at1,343m（4,406ft） abovesealevel.

 LowestPoint:

ThelowestpointintheUKistheFenlands,whichis4mbelowsealevel.

 Longestriver:

TheSevern,322kmlong,whichrisesincentralWalesandflowsthroughShrewsbury,WorcesterandGloucesterinEnglandtotheBristolChannel

London'spopulation:

 6,770,400

PopulationofUK:

about59,647,790（July2001est.）

England'sclimate:

Mild,normallynotgoingmuchbelowzeroeveninthedepthsofwinter,andnevermuchabove25degreesCelciusinsummer.Mostofthetimeitisbetween10and20degreesCelcius.

Currency:

 poundsterling

Symbolsassociated

withLondonandEngland:

∙RiverThames

∙BigBen

∙WestminsterAbbey

∙HousesofParliament

∙RoyalFamily-BuckinghamPalace

∙UnionJack（OfficialflagofUK）

∙HighTea（drinkingteainthelateafternoon）

∙Bobbies（nicknameforpoliceman）

∙Doubledeckerbus

∙Blacktaxis

HistoricBritish

∙TheBeatles,rock-and-rollbandfrom1962to1970

∙SirWinstonChurchill（1874-1965）,primeministerfrom1940to1945and1951to1955

 Electricity

ElectricityinEnglandis240VoltsAC（50Hz）.

Food&Drink

 Findoutmorehere

Britainisinnorth-westEuropeandisanislandcountry（seemapbelow）.Itisonly35kmfromFranceandisnowlinkedbyatunnelundertheEnglishChannel.ThesouthofBritainismostlylow-lyingland,withhillsandagriculturalland;thenorthofEngland,WalesandScotlandaremostlycoveredinmoorlandandmountains.

QuickFactsabouttheUK

∙Geographiccoordinates:

5400N,200W

∙Landarea:

244,820sqkm

water:

3,230sqkm

note:

includesRockallandShetlandIslands

land:

241,590sqkm

∙Area-comparative:

slightlysmallerthanOregon

∙Landboundaries:

total:

360km

∙Bordercountries:

Ireland360km

∙Coastline:

12,429km

∙Length:

Justunder1,000km（600miles）fromNorthtoSouth

∙Width:

About480Kmfromeasttowest

∙Main