新理念英语阅读 第一册 Lesson 4 Government in Australia 中英双语阅读.docx

新理念英语阅读 第一册 Lesson 4 Government in Australia 中英双语阅读.docx

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新理念英语阅读第一册Lesson4GovernmentinAustralia中英双语阅读

新理念英语阅读第一册

Lesson4GovernmentinAustralia

Chapter1Government

Agovernmentisagroupofpeoplewhomakedecisionsaboutthewaypeoplelive.Governmentsmakedecisionsaboutwhatpeoplecanandcan'tdo.

Governmentsalsomakedecisionsabouthowacountry,stateorcommunityruns.

Governmentsareelectedbythepeopletheyrepresent.Peoplevoteforthepersontheywanttorepresenttheminparliament.

Parliamentisthebodythatismadeupofalltherepresentativeswhoaresuccessfulatanelection.

第四课澳大利亚的政府

第一章政府

政府是一群决定人们生活方式的人。

政府决定人们能做什么和不能做什么。

政府还决定一个国家、州或社区如何运作。

政府是由他们所代表的人民选出来的。

人们投票给他们想在议会代表他们的人。

议会是由所有在选举中获胜的代表组成的机构。

Chapter2TheAustraliansystemofgovernment

Australia'ssystemofgovernmentisknownasafederalsystem.Countrieswithfederalsystemswereoncemadeupofdifferentstateswiththeirowngovernments.

Atsomepoints,thestategovernmentshandedoversomeoftheirpowerstoagovernmentthatwouldmakedecisionsforallofthem.

Australia'sfirstfederalgovernmentwasformedinMelbournein1901.

Australia’sfederalsystemofgovernmenthasthreelevels.

第二章澳大利亚的政体

澳大利亚的政府系统被称为联邦系统。

实行联邦制的国家曾经是由不同的州和各自的政府组成的。

在某种程度上，州政府将他们的部分权力移交给一个为他们所有人做决定的政府。

1901年，澳大利亚第一个联邦政府在墨尔本成立。

澳大利亚的联邦政府系统有三个层级。

ThefirstlevelistheAustralian,orfederalparliament.ItmakesdecisionsforthewholeofAustralia.

Atthesecondlevelarethestateandtheterritoryparliaments.Theseparliamentsmakedecisionsfortheirownstateorterritory.

Thethirdlevelislocalgovernment.Localgovernmentsmakedecisionsforlocalcommunities.

Chapter3Australia'sfederalparliament

Australia'sfederalparliamenthastwohouses-alowerhouseandanupperhouse.

第一层级是澳大利亚联邦议会。

它为整个澳大利亚做决定。

第二层级是州议会和地方议会。

这些议会为自己的国家或领土做出决定。

第三层级是地方政府。

地方政府为当地社区做出决定。

第三章澳大利亚联邦议会

澳大利亚联邦议会有上下两院。

ThelowerhouseiscalledtheHouseofRepresentatives.TheroleoftheHouseofRepresentativesistointroducelaws.

TheHouseofRepresentativesisalsoknownastheseatofthegovernment.ThepoliticalpartythathasthemostrepresentativesintheHouseofRepresentativesformsthegovernment.

TheupperhouseiscalledtheSenate.TheroleoftheSenateistoreviewthelawsintroducedintheHouseofRepresentatives.

ThefederalparliamentisresponsibleforareasoflifethataffectallAustralians,suchascustomsandimmigration,defence,foreignaffairsandtelecommunications.

下议院被称为众议院。

众议院的作用是制定法律。

众议院也被称为政府的所在地。

在众议院拥有最多代表的政党组成了政府。

上议院被称为参议院。

参议院的作用是审查众议院制定的法律。

联邦议会负责所有澳大利亚人的生活领域，如海关和移民、国防、外交事务和电信。

Thefederalparliament’sresponsibilityforcustomsandimmigrationmeansthatitdecideswhichpeopleandgoodscanenterAustralia.ItneedstomakesurethatAustraliaisprotectedfrompeopleorgoodsthatmightbeharmful.

Thefederalparliament'sresponsibilityfordefencemeansthatitisinchargeofprotectingAustraliaanditspeoplefromothercountries.

Thefederalparliament'sresponsibilityforforeignaffairsmeansthatitisinchargeofAustralia'srelationshipswithothercountries.

联邦议会对海关和移民的责任意味着它决定哪些人和货物可以进入澳大利亚。

它需要确保澳大利亚不受可能有害的人或物品的侵害。

联邦议会的国防责任意味着它负责保护澳大利亚及其人民不受其他国家的侵犯。

联邦议会对外交事务的责任意味着它负责澳大利亚与其他国家的关系。

ThefederalParliament’sresponsibilityfortelecommunicationsmeansthatitisinchargeoftechnologythathelpspeoplecommunicatewitheachother.

Thistechnologyincludesthetelephonesystem,radio,televisionandtheInternet.

Chapter4Stateandterritoryparliaments

EveryAustralianstateandterritoryhasitsowngovernment.Eachhasitsownparliamentwithanupperhouseandalowerhouse,exceptforQueensland,theAustralianCapitalTerritoryandtheNorthernTerritory,whichonlyhavealowerhouse.

联邦议会对电信的责任意味着它负责帮助人们相互沟通的技术。

这项技术包括电话系统、广播、电视和互联网。

第四章国家和地区议会

澳大利亚的每个州和领地都有自己的政府。

每个州都有自己的议会，有上议院和下议院，除了昆士兰州、澳大利亚首都地区和北领地，都只有一个下议院。

Likefederalparliament,thepoliticalpartywiththemostrepresentativesinparliamentformsthegovernment.

Thestateandtheterritoryparliamentsareresponsibleforareasoflifethataffectpeopleintheirstateorterritory,suchaseducation,emergencyservices,healthandpublictransport.

Theresponsibilityofstateandterritoryparliamentsforeducationmeansthattheyareinchargeofschoolsandwhatistaughtinschools.

Theirresponsibilityforemergencyservicesmeansthattheyareinchargeofpolice,ambulanceandfireservices.

与联邦议会一样，议会中代表人数最多的政党组成了政府。

州议会和领地议会负责其州或领地内影响人民生活的领域，如教育、紧急服务、卫生和公共交通。

国家和地区议会对教育的责任意味着他们负责学校和学校的教学内容。

他们对紧急服务的责任意味着他们负责警察、救护车和消防服务。

Theresponsibilityofstateandterritoryparliamentsforhealthmeansthattheyareinchargeofhospitals.

Theirresponsibilityforpublictransportmeansthattheyareinchargeoftrain,tram,busandferryservices.

Chapter5Localgovernments

Eachlocalgovernmentmakeslawsforalocalcommunity,ratherthanastateoracountry.

Localgovernmentsareresponsibleforareasoflifethatonlyaffectpeopleinthatcommunity,suchasparking,planningandwaste.

国家和地区议会在卫生方面的责任意味着它们负责管理医院。

他们负责公共交通，即负责火车、电车、公共汽车和轮渡服务。

第五章地方政府

每个地方政府为当地社区制定法律，而不是一个州或国家。

地方政府负责那些只会影响当地居民的生活领域，比如停车、规划和垃圾处理。

Theresponsibilityoflocalgovernmentsforparkingmeansthattheydecidewhereandforhowlongpeoplecanparktheircars.

Theresponsibilityoflocalgovernmentsforplanningmeansthattheyareinchargeofbuildingprojectsintheirarea.

Theirresponsibilityforwastemeansthattheyareinchargeofcollectingpeople’srubbish.

地方政府对停车的责任意味着他们决定人们可以在哪里停车以及停车多长时间。

地方政府的规划责任意味着他们要负责本地区的建设项目。

他们对废物的责任意味着他们负责收集人们的垃圾。

Exercises

1.Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTforTrueandFforFalse.

（）1.Governmentsonlymakedecisionsaboutwhatpeoplecandoandcan'tdo.

（）2.Parliamentisthebodythatismadeupofallpeoplewhohavetherighttovote.

（）3.Australia’sfirstfederalgovernmentwasformedinCanberrain1901.

（）4.Australia’sfederalsystemofgovernmenthasthreelevels,i.e.thefederalparliament,thestateandterritoryparliamentsandthelocalgovernment.

（）5.TheSenateisalsoknownasaseatofthegovernment.

2.Choosetherightanswer.

（）1.Australia’sfederalsystemofgovernmenthasthreelevels,thefirstlevelistheAustralianparliament.

A.ofthemB.ofwhichC.amongwhichD.inwhich

（）2.ThefederalgovernmentisresponsibleforareasoflifethatallAustralians.

A.affectB.affectsC.effectD.effects

（）3.ThefederalparliamentneedstomakesurethatAustraliaispeopleorgoodsthatmightbeharmful.

A.savedfromB.protectedfromC.helpedbyD.preventedfrom

（）4.Thefederalparliament’sresponsibilityfordefencemeansthatitisinchargeof.

A.Australia'srelationshipswithothercountries

B.technologythathelpspeoplecommunicatewitheachother

C.protectingAustraliaanditspeoplefromothercountries

D.decidingwhichpeopleandgoodscanenterAustralia

（）5.Whichofthefollowingisnotaresponsibilityofthestateandterritoryparliaments？

A.Theyareinchargeofhospitals.

B.Theyareinchargeofschoolsandwhatistaughtinschools.

C.Theyareinchargeofpolice,ambulanceandfireservices.

D.Theyareinchargeofbuildingprojectsintheirarea.

（）6.Whichofthefollowingisnotaresponsibilityofeachlocalgovernment？

.

A.Theydecidewhereandforhowlongpeoplecanparktheircars.

B.Theyareinchargeofbuildingprojectsinthearea.

C.Theyareinchargeofcollectingpeople'srubbish.

D.Theyareinchargeoftrain,tram,busandferryservices.

（）7.Whatistheroleofthelowerhouse?

A.TointroducelawsB.Toreviewlaws.C.Topasslaws.D.Torejectbills.

（）8.Thefederalgovernmentisformedbythepoliticalpartythathasthemostrepresentativesin.

A.theSenateB.theseatofthegovernmentC.theupperhouseD.theParliament

（）9.Theresponsibilityofstateandterritoryparliamentsformeansthattheyareinchargeoftrain,tram,busandferryservices.

A.educationB.emergencyservicesC.healthD.publictransportation

（）10.Likefederalparliament,thepoliticalpartywiththerepresentativesinthestateandterritoryparliamentsformsthegovernment.

A.smartestB.leastC.mostD.strongest

3.Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestanswer.

Eachlocalgovernmentmakeslawsforalocalcommunity,1astateoracountry.

Localgovernmentsareresponsible2areasoflifethatonlyaffectpeopleinthat3,suchasparking,planningandwaste.

The4oflocalgovernmentsforparkingmeansthattheydecidewhereandfor5peoplecanparktheircars.

Theresponsibilityoflocalgovernmentsfor6meansthattheyare7buildingprojectsintheirarea.

Theirresponsibilityfor8meansthattheyareinchargeofcollectingpeople'srubbish.

（）1.A.insteadB.ratherthanC.inplaceofD.exceptfor

（）2.A.toB.withC.forD.as

（）3.A.countryB.stateC.territoryD.community

（）4.A.roleB.responsibilityC.taskD.work

（）5.A.howmuchB.howsoonC.howlongD.howwell

（）6.A.healthB.planningC.educationD.transportation

（）7.A.inchargeofB.inchargeC.onachargeofD.inapositionof

（）8.A.rainsB.wasteC.garbageD.trash

4.Answerthefollowingquestions.

（1）Whatdecisionsdogovernmentsmake？

（2）WhatarethetwohousesofAustralia’sfederalparliament?

Whataretherolesrespectively?

（3）Whatistheresponsibilityofstateandterritoryparliaments?