Unit 3 Inventors and inventions.docx
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Unit3Inventorsandinventions
Ⅰ.阅读词汇语境认知
1.（2019·浙江6月卷）Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.n.线
2.（2019·浙江6月卷）Hundredsoffansjammedtheairporttogreetthem.v.堵塞
3.（2019·北京卷）Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.adj.当前的
4.（2019·天津卷）Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.adj.稳固的
5.（2019·全国卷Ⅲ）Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.n.延长，延期
6.I’mafraidtheworkisbeyondhiscompetence.n.能力
7.Hewenttotherefrigeratorandremovedabottleofwine.n.冰箱
8.Thesecountriesarecharacterizedbyhighlydynamiceconomies.adj.充满活力的
Ⅱ.核心词汇语境识记
1.（2019·全国卷Ⅰ）Itendsabruptly（突然地）at3，000meters,givingwaytolandsoflowgrowingplants.
2.（2018·浙江6月卷）Plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproducts（产品）arenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.
3.（2019·天津卷）Iwasreadytopayformybananasatthegroceryonenight,whenfearseized（抓住）me.
4.（2019·天津卷）Welearnto__bear（忍受；忍耐）withthethingswecan’tchange.
5.Twenty-fivepercentofthestudentsclaimed（声称）thatitisthefamilygenesthataretoblame.
6.Ifyouassociate（联系）withpositive-thinkingpeople，youaredefinitelygoingtoachievesuccess.
7.（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtapping（tap）herontheshoulder.
8.（2019·江苏卷）That’snotourdailystyle.Besides,it’snotveryconvenient（convenience）.
9.（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact（影响）oncollegeadmissionsandpractical（practice）lifeskills.
10.（全国卷Ⅱ）Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezing（freeze）water,inthedamagedwoodenship.
11.（2018·浙江6月卷）Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptedandvaluable（value）partofyournewneighborhood.
12.Readinggoodbookscannotonlyenrichourmindsbutalsoteachusto__distinguish（distinguish）betweenrightandwrong.
Ⅲ.必会短语听写背诵
1.call__up 给……打电话；使想起
2.now__and__then偶尔；有时
3.set__about开始；着手
4.dive__into迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5.set__out__（to__do）开始（做）
6.hang__on不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
7.out__of__order次序颠倒；发生故障
8.get__through设法联系上（尤指打通电话）;（设法）做完；通过；度过
9.ring__back回复电话
10.ring__off挂断电话
Ⅳ.单元佳句仿写运用
1.句型公式：
so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句
Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.
[仿写]（全国卷）Hisplanwasso__practical__that__we__all__agreed__to__accept__it.
他的计划如此实用以至于我们大家都同意接受它。
2.句型公式：
“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构
Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.
[仿写]（北京卷）Hope__to__meet__youatthetrainingcampthissummer,and__we__can__have__funtogether.
希望今年夏天在训练营见到你，我们可以一起玩得很开心。
1.bearvt.（bore,borne）忍受；忍耐；负担；生育；结果实
（1）can’tbeardoing/todosth 不能忍受做某事
can’tbearsb/sb’sdoingsth不能忍受某人做某事
（2）bear/keepsthinmind记住……
bear/keepinmindthat...记住……
（3）unbearableadj.难以忍受的
单句语法填空
①They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbearletting/to__let（let）ithappenagain.
②Bear/Keepinmindthatsuccesscomesfromhardwork.
写作实践运用
③Ican’t__bear__young__people__casting__away__their__youth.
我无法忍受年轻人虚掷青春。
2.associatevt.联想；联系n.同伴，伙伴
（1）associate...with... 使……与……联系起来；合伙
associatewithsb与某人交往/共事
beassociatedwith与……有关
（2）associationn.联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
inassociationwith与……联合，与……合作
单句语法填空
①Weareworkinginassociation（associate）withalocalcompanytoraisemoneyforthehomeless.
②Theypreferassociating/toassociatewithyoungpeople.
写作实践运用
③Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsinassociationwithsmoking.（句式升级）
→Therearemanyserioushealthproblemswhich__are__associated__with__smoking.（associate）
3.distinguishvt.&vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
（1）distinguishbetweenAandB 区分A和B
distinguish...from...把……与……区分开来
（2）distinguishedadj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的
bedistinguishedfor...因……而出名
bedistinguishedas...作为……而出名
单句语法填空
①It’simportantforchildrentodistinguishrightfromwrong.
②Elephantsare__distinguished（distinguish）fromotheranimalsbytheirlongnoses.
写作实践运用
③Hewasfamousforhisknowledgeofeconomicsandwaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.（词汇升级）
→Hewas__distinguished__forhisknowledgeofeconomicsandwaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.
4.setabout开始；着手；出发；动身
setabout 开始，着手（与setout意思相近，后加v.-ing形式）
setoff出发（侧重于去某个地方）
setout出发；开始（侧重于开始做某事，后加不定式）
单句语法填空
①Thateveninghesetaboutwriting（write）areportonpollution.
②Ontheirarrival,theysetoutto__read（read）theEnglishbookstheybroughtwiththemselves.
③Ifyouwanttocatchthattrain,we’dbettersetoff/outforthestationimmediately.
5.callup召唤；使回忆起；调出；给……打电话；征召入伍
callsbback 给某人回电话
calloff取消；停止
callfor要求；呼吁；需要；去接（某人）
callon/upon拜访（某人）；号召；需求
callonsbtodosth号召某人做某事
单句语法填空
①Thepictureoftheparkcalledupmemoriesofourclasstriplastyear.
②Successinschoolcallsformuchhardwork.
写作实践运用
③Thegovernmentcalls__on__the__citizens__to__lead__a__green__life.
政府号召市民绿色生活。
1.currentn.（水或气）流；电流adj.现在的；当前的
写出下列句中加黑部分的词性与词义
①（2018·天津卷）Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.adj.当前的；现在的
②Shewasshockedbycurrentsandpassedout.n.电流
③（广东卷）Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents.n.（水或气）流
2.getthrough完成；通过；接通电话；度过（时间）；用完
写出下列句中getthrough的含义
①Mynewsecretaryisveryquick.Shegotthroughalotofworkinonemorning.完成；（设法）做完
②Icouldn’tgetthroughtohimbecausehistelephonewasoutofordernowandthen.打通电话
③Luckily,thegapinthefencewasjustwideenoughforthesheeptogetthrough.通过
④Thelittleboygotthroughallhismoneyinjustoneweekandhadtoaskhismomforsomemore.用完
句型公式：
祈使句＋and＋陈述句
Followitup,exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.
跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。
（1）祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句
（2）祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句
（3）名词词组＋and＋陈述句
单句语法填空
①Followyourteacher’sadvice,andyou’llsucceedintheend.
写作实践运用 句式升级
②Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfailinyourexams.
→Work__hard,__oryouwillfailinyourexams.
③Ifhetakesonemorestep,thebabywillfallintothewell.
→One__more__step,__andthebabywillfallintothewell.
④Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.
→Work__hard,__andyouwillsucceed.
【名师点津】 and/or之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你从当地一家网站上看到一则招聘设计部助手的广告，请你给负责人写一封求职信，内容包括：
①自我介绍；②个人优势；③希望得到回复。
补充要点句（加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇）
①得知你的设计部需要助手，我想申请这个职位。
Ihavelearnedthatyour__designing__department__is__in__need__of__an__assistant.I’dliketoapplyfortheposition.
②自从童年开始，我就着手设计东西。
I__have__set__about__designing/set__out__to__designthingssincemychildhood.
③在过去的两年中，我一直潜心设计并在设计大赛中获得一等奖。
Inthepasttwoyears，I__have__been__diving__into__designingandhavewonfirstprizeinthedesigningcompetition.
④我能忍受艰苦的训练而且喜欢与人交往。
I__can__bear__the__hard__trainingandlike__to__associate__with__others.
⑤我对电脑操作和办公软件运用自如，这可以帮我顺利完成工作。
Ifeelcomfortablewithcomputeroperationandofficesoftware，which__can__help__me__get__through__my__work__well.
⑥如果被雇佣，我将竭尽全力以不辜负您的期望。
IfIamemployed，I__will__spare__no__effort__to__live__up__to__your__expectations.
⑦如果你考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。
I__would__appreciate__it__if__you__could__consider__my__application.
升级平淡句
1.利用分词作状语升级句①
Learning__that__your__designing__department__is__in__need__of__an__assistant，I’d__like__to__apply__for__the__position.
2.利用省略句升级句⑥
If__employed，I__will__spare__no__efforts__to__live__up__to__your__expectations.
衔接成美文（利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：
inaddition，meanwhile等）
Dear__Sir/Madam，
Learningthatyourdesigningdepartmentisinneedofanassistant，I’dliketoapplyfortheposition.
Ihavesetaboutdesigningthingssincemychildhood.Inthepasttwoyears，Ihavebeendivingintodesigningandhavewonfirstprizeinthedesigningcompetition.Inaddition，Icanbearthehardtrainingandliketoassociatewithothers.Meanwhile，Ifeelcomfortablewithcomputeroperationandofficesoftware，whichcanhelpmegetthroughmyworkwell.Ifemployed，Iwillsparenoefforttoliveuptoyourexpectations.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldconsidermyapplication.
Yours，
Li__Hua
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2020·北京四中模拟）Dogsareourbestfriends.That’sespeciallytrueafteradisaster，suchasanearthquake.Whenbuildingsfalldown，searchandrescuedogshelpfindtrappedpeople.Dogs’amazingnosescanpickupthesmellofsurvivors.Nowscientistshavedevelopedanelectronictoolthatdoesthesamething.It’stakingsmelldetection（探测）toawholenewlevel.
Thenewinventionisasortofelectronicnose，whichcandetectextremelylowlevelsofmanycompounds（化合物）frompeople’sskin.Thisisn’tthefirsttimeengineershavedevelopedsuchanobject.Earliermodels，however，havebeenbulkyandexpensive.Theycouldnotdetectlowlevelsoftargetcompoundseither.Thenewoneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofitinsidehandheldequipment.
Theelectronicnosecandetectextremelyslightsmellofmorethanonecompoundatthesametime.“Beingabletodothis，insuchasmallobject，isthesignificantdiscovery，”saysSotirisE.Pratsinis，ProfessorofProcessEngineering&MaterialsScienceattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinZurich.Histeamtesteditinspecialspaces.Theywerelikethesmallspaceswherepeoplemightbetrapped.Chemicalsgivenoffbythevolunteersbuiltupinside.Theelectronicequipmentdetectedthosecompoundsatunbelievablylowlevels.
Theresultsweregoodnewsfortheresearchteam.Buttheymaybenotforourfour-leggedfriends，whocouldsoonbeoutofajob.“Ideally，thistechnologycouldreplacesearchandrescuedogs，”Pratsinissays.
StephenTaylor，anelectricalengin
升级会员 