Unit 3 Inventors and inventions.docx
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Unit3Inventorsandinventions
Ⅰ.阅读词汇语境认知
1.(2019·浙江6月卷)Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.n.线
2.(2019·浙江6月卷)Hundredsoffansjammedtheairporttogreetthem.v.堵塞
3.(2019·北京卷)Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.adj.当前的
4.(2019·天津卷)Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.adj.稳固的
5.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.n.延长,延期
6.I’mafraidtheworkisbeyondhiscompetence.n.能力
7.Hewenttotherefrigeratorandremovedabottleofwine.n.冰箱
8.Thesecountriesarecharacterizedbyhighlydynamiceconomies.adj.充满活力的
Ⅱ.核心词汇语境识记
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Itendsabruptly(突然地)at3,000meters,givingwaytolandsoflowgrowingplants.
2.(2018·浙江6月卷)Plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproducts(产品)arenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.
3.(2019·天津卷)Iwasreadytopayformybananasatthegroceryonenight,whenfearseized(抓住)me.
4.(2019·天津卷)Welearnto__bear(忍受;忍耐)withthethingswecan’tchange.
5.Twenty-fivepercentofthestudentsclaimed(声称)thatitisthefamilygenesthataretoblame.
6.Ifyouassociate(联系)withpositive-thinkingpeople,youaredefinitelygoingtoachievesuccess.
7.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtapping(tap)herontheshoulder.
8.(2019·江苏卷)That’snotourdailystyle.Besides,it’snotveryconvenient(convenience).
9.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpractical(practice)lifeskills.
10.(全国卷Ⅱ)Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezing(freeze)water,inthedamagedwoodenship.
11.(2018·浙江6月卷)Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptedandvaluable(value)partofyournewneighborhood.
12.Readinggoodbookscannotonlyenrichourmindsbutalsoteachusto__distinguish(distinguish)betweenrightandwrong.
Ⅲ.必会短语听写背诵
1.call__up 给……打电话;使想起
2.now__and__then偶尔;有时
3.set__about开始;着手
4.dive__into迅速把手伸入;一心投入
5.set__out__(to__do)开始(做)
6.hang__on不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住
7.out__of__order次序颠倒;发生故障
8.get__through设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过;度过
9.ring__back回复电话
10.ring__off挂断电话
Ⅳ.单元佳句仿写运用
1.句型公式:
so...that...“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句
Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.
[仿写](全国卷)Hisplanwasso__practical__that__we__all__agreed__to__accept__it.
他的计划如此实用以至于我们大家都同意接受它。
2.句型公式:
“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构
Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.
[仿写](北京卷)Hope__to__meet__youatthetrainingcampthissummer,and__we__can__have__funtogether.
希望今年夏天在训练营见到你,我们可以一起玩得很开心。
1.bearvt.(bore,borne)忍受;忍耐;负担;生育;结果实
(1)can’tbeardoing/todosth 不能忍受做某事
can’tbearsb/sb’sdoingsth不能忍受某人做某事
(2)bear/keepsthinmind记住……
bear/keepinmindthat...记住……
(3)unbearableadj.难以忍受的
单句语法填空
①They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbearletting/to__let(let)ithappenagain.
②Bear/Keepinmindthatsuccesscomesfromhardwork.
写作实践运用
③Ican’t__bear__young__people__casting__away__their__youth.
我无法忍受年轻人虚掷青春。
2.associatevt.联想;联系n.同伴,伙伴
(1)associate...with... 使……与……联系起来;合伙
associatewithsb与某人交往/共事
beassociatedwith与……有关
(2)associationn.联合;联想;交往;协会;团体
inassociationwith与……联合,与……合作
单句语法填空
①Weareworkinginassociation(associate)withalocalcompanytoraisemoneyforthehomeless.
②Theypreferassociating/toassociatewithyoungpeople.
写作实践运用
③Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsinassociationwithsmoking.(句式升级)
→Therearemanyserioushealthproblemswhich__are__associated__with__smoking.(associate)
3.distinguishvt.&vi.显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别
(1)distinguishbetweenAandB 区分A和B
distinguish...from...把……与……区分开来
(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的;著名的;杰出的
bedistinguishedfor...因……而出名
bedistinguishedas...作为……而出名
单句语法填空
①It’simportantforchildrentodistinguishrightfromwrong.
②Elephantsare__distinguished(distinguish)fromotheranimalsbytheirlongnoses.
写作实践运用
③Hewasfamousforhisknowledgeofeconomicsandwaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.(词汇升级)
→Hewas__distinguished__forhisknowledgeofeconomicsandwaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.
4.setabout开始;着手;出发;动身
setabout 开始,着手(与setout意思相近,后加v.-ing形式)
setoff出发(侧重于去某个地方)
setout出发;开始(侧重于开始做某事,后加不定式)
单句语法填空
①Thateveninghesetaboutwriting(write)areportonpollution.
②Ontheirarrival,theysetoutto__read(read)theEnglishbookstheybroughtwiththemselves.
③Ifyouwanttocatchthattrain,we’dbettersetoff/outforthestationimmediately.
5.callup召唤;使回忆起;调出;给……打电话;征召入伍
callsbback 给某人回电话
calloff取消;停止
callfor要求;呼吁;需要;去接(某人)
callon/upon拜访(某人);号召;需求
callonsbtodosth号召某人做某事
单句语法填空
①Thepictureoftheparkcalledupmemoriesofourclasstriplastyear.
②Successinschoolcallsformuchhardwork.
写作实践运用
③Thegovernmentcalls__on__the__citizens__to__lead__a__green__life.
政府号召市民绿色生活。
1.currentn.(水或气)流;电流adj.现在的;当前的
写出下列句中加黑部分的词性与词义
①(2018·天津卷)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.adj.当前的;现在的
②Shewasshockedbycurrentsandpassedout.n.电流
③(广东卷)Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents.n.(水或气)流
2.getthrough完成;通过;接通电话;度过(时间);用完
写出下列句中getthrough的含义
①Mynewsecretaryisveryquick.Shegotthroughalotofworkinonemorning.完成;(设法)做完
②Icouldn’tgetthroughtohimbecausehistelephonewasoutofordernowandthen.打通电话
③Luckily,thegapinthefencewasjustwideenoughforthesheeptogetthrough.通过
④Thelittleboygotthroughallhismoneyinjustoneweekandhadtoaskhismomforsomemore.用完
句型公式:
祈使句+and+陈述句
Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.
跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。
(1)祈使句+and+陈述句=If...,+主句
(2)祈使句+or+陈述句=If...not...,+主句
(3)名词词组+and+陈述句
单句语法填空
①Followyourteacher’sadvice,andyou’llsucceedintheend.
写作实践运用 句式升级
②Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfailinyourexams.
→Work__hard,__oryouwillfailinyourexams.
③Ifhetakesonemorestep,thebabywillfallintothewell.
→One__more__step,__andthebabywillfallintothewell.
④Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.
→Work__hard,__andyouwillsucceed.
【名师点津】 and/or之后的句子相当于主句,所以用一般将来时。
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华,你从当地一家网站上看到一则招聘设计部助手的广告,请你给负责人写一封求职信,内容包括:
①自我介绍;②个人优势;③希望得到回复。
补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①得知你的设计部需要助手,我想申请这个职位。
Ihavelearnedthatyour__designing__department__is__in__need__of__an__assistant.I’dliketoapplyfortheposition.
②自从童年开始,我就着手设计东西。
I__have__set__about__designing/set__out__to__designthingssincemychildhood.
③在过去的两年中,我一直潜心设计并在设计大赛中获得一等奖。
Inthepasttwoyears,I__have__been__diving__into__designingandhavewonfirstprizeinthedesigningcompetition.
④我能忍受艰苦的训练而且喜欢与人交往。
I__can__bear__the__hard__trainingandlike__to__associate__with__others.
⑤我对电脑操作和办公软件运用自如,这可以帮我顺利完成工作。
Ifeelcomfortablewithcomputeroperationandofficesoftware,which__can__help__me__get__through__my__work__well.
⑥如果被雇佣,我将竭尽全力以不辜负您的期望。
IfIamemployed,I__will__spare__no__effort__to__live__up__to__your__expectations.
⑦如果你考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。
I__would__appreciate__it__if__you__could__consider__my__application.
升级平淡句
1.利用分词作状语升级句①
Learning__that__your__designing__department__is__in__need__of__an__assistant,I’d__like__to__apply__for__the__position.
2.利用省略句升级句⑥
If__employed,I__will__spare__no__efforts__to__live__up__to__your__expectations.
衔接成美文(利用适当的过渡衔接词汇,如:
inaddition,meanwhile等)
Dear__Sir/Madam,
Learningthatyourdesigningdepartmentisinneedofanassistant,I’dliketoapplyfortheposition.
Ihavesetaboutdesigningthingssincemychildhood.Inthepasttwoyears,Ihavebeendivingintodesigningandhavewonfirstprizeinthedesigningcompetition.Inaddition,Icanbearthehardtrainingandliketoassociatewithothers.Meanwhile,Ifeelcomfortablewithcomputeroperationandofficesoftware,whichcanhelpmegetthroughmyworkwell.Ifemployed,Iwillsparenoefforttoliveuptoyourexpectations.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldconsidermyapplication.
Yours,
Li__Hua
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·北京四中模拟)Dogsareourbestfriends.That’sespeciallytrueafteradisaster,suchasanearthquake.Whenbuildingsfalldown,searchandrescuedogshelpfindtrappedpeople.Dogs’amazingnosescanpickupthesmellofsurvivors.Nowscientistshavedevelopedanelectronictoolthatdoesthesamething.It’stakingsmelldetection(探测)toawholenewlevel.
Thenewinventionisasortofelectronicnose,whichcandetectextremelylowlevelsofmanycompounds(化合物)frompeople’sskin.Thisisn’tthefirsttimeengineershavedevelopedsuchanobject.Earliermodels,however,havebeenbulkyandexpensive.Theycouldnotdetectlowlevelsoftargetcompoundseither.Thenewoneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofitinsidehandheldequipment.
Theelectronicnosecandetectextremelyslightsmellofmorethanonecompoundatthesametime.“Beingabletodothis,insuchasmallobject,isthesignificantdiscovery,”saysSotirisE.Pratsinis,ProfessorofProcessEngineering&MaterialsScienceattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinZurich.Histeamtesteditinspecialspaces.Theywerelikethesmallspaceswherepeoplemightbetrapped.Chemicalsgivenoffbythevolunteersbuiltupinside.Theelectronicequipmentdetectedthosecompoundsatunbelievablylowlevels.
Theresultsweregoodnewsfortheresearchteam.Buttheymaybenotforourfour-leggedfriends,whocouldsoonbeoutofajob.“Ideally,thistechnologycouldreplacesearchandrescuedogs,”Pratsinissays.
StephenTaylor,anelectricalengin