推荐学习浙江高考英语二轮全程练习 第三部分 阅读理解技法与文体演练 课时24 阅读理解文.docx
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推荐学习浙江高考英语二轮全程练习第三部分阅读理解技法与文体演练课时24阅读理解文
阅读理解文体技法(7)——人物传记类
Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练
【精要提示】 近年来人物传记类文章在高考阅读中占的比例有减少,但仍是高考常考的文体之一,读这类文章时应注意:
(1)把握文体特征,注意写作手法
如前文所述,人物传记是记叙文体的一种,因此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。
其次,还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列,一般采用倒叙的写作手法,有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。
弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法,能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时、准确无误。
(2)抓住题干关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节描述。
(3)抽丝剥茧,推理判断深层含义。
推理判断题主要提问那些未曾在文中说明,但已特别暗示的内容,考查考生对文章的准确理解和判断。
【高考经典练】
(2014·广东卷)SamuelOsmondisa19-year-oldlawstudentfromCornwall,England.Heneverstudiedthepiano.However,hecanplayverydifficultmusicalpiecesbymusicianssuchasChopinandBeethovenjustafewminutesafterhehearsthem.Helearnsapieceofmusicbylisteningtoitinparts.Thenhethinksaboutthenotesinhishead.Twoyearsago,heplayedhisfirstpieceMoonlightSonata(奏鸣曲)byBeethoven.Hesurprisedeveryonearoundhim.
Amazedthatherememberedthislonganddifficultpieceofmusicandplayeditperfectly,histeacherssaySamuelisunbelievable.Theysayhisabilityisveryrare,butSamueldoesn'tevenrealizethatwhathecandoisspecial.Samuelwantedtobecomealawyerasitwasthewishofhisparents,butmusicteacherstoldhimheshouldstudymusicinstead.Now,hestudieslawandmusic.
Samuelcan'tunderstandwhyeveryoneissosurprised.“Igrewupwithmusic.Mymotherplayedthepianoandmyfatherplayedtheguitar.Abouttwoyearsago,Isuddenlydecidedtostartplayingthepiano,withoutbeingabletoreadmusicandwithouthavinganylessons.Itcomeseasilytome—Ihearthenotesandcanbeartheminmind—eachandeverynote,”saysSamuel.
Recently,Samuelperformedapieceduringaspecialeventathiscollege.Thepiecehadmorethanathousandnotes.Theaudiencewasimpressedbyhisamazingperformance.Heisnowlearningapiecethatissodifficultthatmanyprofessionalpianistscan'tplayit.Samuelsaysconfidently,“It'sallaboutsupermemory—IguessIhavethatgift.”
However,Samuel'sabilitytorememberthingsdoesn'tstopwithmusic.Hisfamilysaysthatevenwhenhewasayoungboy,Samuelheardsomeonereadastory,andthenhecouldretellthestorywordforword.
Samuelisstillonlyateenager.Hedoesn'tknowwhathewantstodointhefuture.Fornow,heisjusthappytoplaybeautifulmusicandcontinuehisstudies.
1.WhatisspecialaboutSamuelOsmond?
A.Hehasagiftforwritingmusic.
B.Hecanwritedownthenotehehears.
C.Heisatopstudentatthelawschool.
D.Hecanplaythemusicalpiecehehears.
2.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?
A.Samuelchoselawagainstthewishofhisparents.
B.Samuelplannedtobealawyerratherthanamusician.
C.Samuelthinksofhimselfasamanofgreatmusicalability.
D.Samuelstudieslawandmusicontheadviceofhisteachers.
3.EveryonearoundSamuelwassurprisedbecausehe________.
A.receivedagoodearlyeducationinmusic
B.playedtheguitarandthepianoperfectly
C.couldplaythepianowithoutreadingmusic
D.couldplaytheguitarbetterthanhisfather
4.WhatcanweinferaboutSamuelinParagraph4?
A.Hebecamefamousduringaspecialeventathiscollege.
B.Heisproudofhisabilitytorememberthingsaccurately.
C.Heplaysthepianobetterthanmanyprofessionalpianists.
D.Heimpressedtheaudiencebyplayingallthemusicalpieces.
5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?
A.TheQualitiesofaMusician
B.TheStoryofaMusicalTalent
C.TheImportanceofEarlyEducation
D.TheRelationshipbetweenMemoryandMusic
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
(2015·长沙一模)In2015,anAmericanwillspendayearontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)whilehistwinbrotherremainsonEarth.MarkandScottKelly,theonlytwinswhoarealsoastronauts,havevolunteeredthemselvesforstudycreatingauniqueopportunitytofigureoutthehealtheffectsofspacefromthoseofgenetics.
Lastyear,ScottKellywaschosentotakepartinthefirstone-yearmissionaboardtheISS,doubletheusualstay,alongwithRussiancosmonautMikhailKornienko.ThenlastweekNASAannouncedthathisbrotherMarkwouldbemonitoredonearththroughout.
Researcherswillhaveaccesstobloodandsaliva(唾液)samplesfrombothtwinstakenbefore,duringandafterScott'striptotheISS,alongwithassessmentsoftheirvision,sleeppatternsandcardiovascular(心血管的)activity.NASAwillalsomeasurebothtwins'bonemassbeforeandafterthemission.
Suchdatacouldhelpdeterminehowgeneticsaffectsthehealthproblemsseeninspace,includinglossofboneandmusclemassanddeclineofvision,allcausedbylowgravity,plusanincreasedriskofcancerfromspaceradiationandsleepproblemswhileinspace.
“Ideallyonewouldneverhaveflowninspace,butthat'snotthecase,”saysCharles.“Theonlytwinswehaveaccesstoarebothastronauts.”
OnceScotthasfinishedhisyear-longjourney,hewillhavespentmuchmoretimeinspacethanMark,whoretiredin2011.Comparingtheeffectsofshortversuslongspacetripscouldbeinteresting,perhapsrevealingwhetherbonemasslossworsenswitheachtrip.
SomemayalsodelightinthefactthattheKellystudywillbethestrongesttestyetofthetwinparadox(孪生子佯谬)putforwardbyAlbertEinstein.Itstatesthatatwinonaround-tripjourneyaboardafast-movingspacecraftwillreturntoEarthyoungerthantheonewhostayedhome,thankstorelativity.TheISSorbitsEarthat7.71kilometrespersecond,soScottwillageroughly10millisecondslessthanMarkovertheyear.“Idon'tthinkourequipmentissensitiveenoughtopickupthatdifference,”saysCharles.
1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofMarkandScottKelly?
A.Theyhavethesameparents.
B.BothofthemareAmericanastronauts.
C.Bothofthemareofthesameage.
D.BothofthemwillstayintheISSforoneyear.
2.Atpresent,astronautsusuallystayintheISSforaslongasabout________.
A.oneweekB.onemonth
C.sixmonthsD.oneyear
3.Wecaninferthat________.
A.neitherofthetwinshastraveledinspace
B.bothofthetwinshavetraveledinspace
C.ScottKellylooksyoungerthanMarkKelly
D.ScottKellylooksolderthanMarkKelly
4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Astronauttwinscouldrevealhealtheffectsofspace.
B.Americanastronauttwinswillgettogetherinouterspace.
C.MarkandScottKellyaretheonlytwinastronautsAmerica.
D.Evidenceshowshowgenesaffectpeople'shealthspace.
B
(2015·苏州模拟)Larrywasonanotherofhisunderwaterexpeditions(探险)butthistime,itwasdifferent.Hedecidedtotakehisdaughteralongwithhim.Shewasonlytenyearsold.Thiswouldbeherfirsttripwithherfatheronwhathehadalwaysbeenfamousfor.
Larryfirstbegandivingwhenhewashisdaughter'sage.Similarly,hisfatherhadtakenhimalongononeofhisexpeditions.Sincethen,hehadneverlookedback.Larrystartedoutbyrentingdivingsuitsfromthesmalldivingshopjustalongtheshore.Hehadhatedthem.Theywereeithertoobigortoosmall.Then,therewastheinstructor.Hegavehimashortlessonbeforeallowinghimintothewaterwithhisfather.Hehadmadeanexception.Larrywouldneverhavebeenabletogodownwithoutatleastfivehoursoftheoryandanothersimilarnumberofhoursonpracticallessonswithaguide.Childrenhisagewerenotevenallowedtodive.
Afterthefirstexpedition,Larry'slaterdivingadventuresonlygotbetterandbetter.Therewasneveradullmoment.Inhisblackandbluesuitandwithanoxygentankfastenedonhisback,Larrydivedfromboatsintothemiddleoftheocean.Dangerousareasdidnotpreventhimfromcontinuinghissearch.Sometimes,hewaslimitedtoacageunderwaterbutthatdidnotbotherhim.Atleast,hewasstillabletotakephotographsoftheunderwatercreatures.
Larry'sfirstexpeditionwithouthisfatherwasintheCaymanIslands.TherewerenumerousdivingspotsintheareaandLarrywasdeterminedtovisitallofthem.Fortunatelyforhim,amanofferedtotakehimaroundthedifferentspotsforfree.Larrydidn'__tevenknowwhatthetimewas,howmanyspotshedivedintoorhowmanyphotographshehadtaken.ThedivingspotsaffordedsuchawidearrayoffishandseacreaturesthatLarrysawmorethanthirtyvarietiesofcreatures.
Larrylookedathisdaughter.Shelookedasexcitedashehadbeenwhenhewasherage.Hehopedshewouldbeabletocontinuethefamilytradition.Already,shelookedlikeshewasmuchbraverthanhehadbeenthen.Thiswasthekeytoasuccessfulunderwaterexpedition.
5.InwhatwaywasthisexpeditiondifferentforLarry?
A.Hisdaughterhadgrownup.
B.Hehadbecomeafamousdiver.
C.Hisfatherwoulddivewithhim.
D.Hisdaughterwoulddivewithhim.
6.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?
A.Larryhadsomeprivileges.
B.Larrylikedtherenteddivingsuits.
C.Divershadtobuydivingequipments.
D.Ten-year-oldchildrenwerepermittedtodive.
7.WhydidLarryhavetostayinacageunderwatersometimes?
A.Toprotecthimselffromdanger.
B.Todiveintothedeepwater.
C.Toadmiretheunderwaterview.
D.Totakephotosmoreconveniently.
8.Whatcanbelearnedfromtheunderlinedsentence?
A.Larrydidn'twearawatch.
B.Larrywasnotgoodatmath.
C.Larryhadapoormemory.
D.Larryenjoyedtheadventure.
9.WhatdidLarryexpecthisdaughtertodo?
A.Becomeasuccessfuldiver.
B.Makeagooddivingguide.
C.Takealotofphotosunderwater.
D.Havelongerhoursoftraining.
C
(2015·杭州联谊学校二次联考)Formanypeople,particularlyimmigrants,theAmericanDreamisthattalentandhardworkcantakeyoufromlogcabintotheWhiteHouse.TonyTrivisonnodidnotriseashighastheWhiteHouse,yethemanagedtomakehisowndreamcometrue.
HecamefromafarminItaly.OneeveningIfoundhimstandingbehindmygarage.
“Imow(割草)yourlawn,”hesaid.ItwashardtocomprehendhisbrokenEnglish.
Iaskedhimhisname.“TonyTrivisonno,”hereplied.“Imowyourlawn.”ItoldTonythatIcouldn'taffordagarde