硕士研究生入学考试 英语二真题及参考答案.docx

硕士研究生入学考试 英语二真题及参考答案.docx

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硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题及参考答案

2013年硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题及参考答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.__1__，atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen___2__fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionizethevery__3__ofmoneyitself,"onlyto__4___itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso___5___incoming?

Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork__6___thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery___7__tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe___8__formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey___9___receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto__10__.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays__11___acheckiscashedandfundsare__12___fromtheissuer'saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.___13__electronicpaymentsareimmediate;theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.

Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay__14___securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation___15___there.Thefactthatthisisnotan__16___occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand__17___fromsomeoneelse'saccounts.The__18__ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto___19___securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic__20___thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.

1

[A]

However

[B]

Moreover

[C]

Therefore

[D]

Otherwise

2

[A]

off

[B]

back

[C]

over

[D]

off

3

[A]

power

[B]

concept

[C]

history

[D]

role

4

[A]

reward

[B]

resist

[C]

resume

[D]

reverse

5

[A]

silent

[B]

sudden

[C]

slow

[D]

steady

6

[A]

for

[B]

against

[C]

with

[D]

on

7

[A]

expensive

[B]

imaginative

[C]

sensitive

[D]

productive

8

[A]

dominant

[B]

original

[C]

temporary

[D]

similar

9

[A]

collect

[B]

provide

[C]

copy

[D]

print

10

[A]

giveup

[B]

takeover

[C]

bringback

[D]

passdown

11

[A]

before

[B]

after

[C]

since

[D]

before

12

[A]

kept

[B]

borrowed

[C]

withdrawn

[D]

released

13

[A]

Unless

[B]

Because

[C]

Until

[D]

Though

14

[A]

hide

[B]

express

[C]

raise

[D]

ease

15

[A]

analyzed

[B]

shared

[C]

displayed

[D]

stored

16

[A]

unsafe

[B]

unnatural

[C]

unclear

[D]

uncommon

17

[A]

choose

[B]

steal

[C]

benefit

[D]

return

18

[A]

consideration

[B]

manipulation

[C]

prevention

[D]

justification

19

[A]

callfor

[B]

fightagainst

[C]

adaptto

[D]

copewith

20

[A]

chunk

[B]

chip

[C]

trail

[D]

path

完形填空参考答案

1．However    2．Around    3．History    4．Reverse    5．Slow  

6．Against    7．Experience    8．Similar    9．Provide    10．Give up  

11．Before    12．Withdrawn    13．Though    14．Raise    15．Stored 

16．Uncommon    17．Steal    18．Prevention    19．Cope with    20．Chip 

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:

Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,”amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”

Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayislargelybecauseofthebigdropindemandbecauseoftheGreatRecession,butitisalsobecauseoftheadvantagesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.

Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.

Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,“Inthe10yearsendingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.”

Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.

Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.

21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_______

[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances

[B]thealleviationofjobpressure

[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills

[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes

22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto______.

[A]adoptanaveragelifestyle

[B]workoncheapsoftware

[C]contributesomethingunique

[D]askforamoderatesalary

23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat______

[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased

[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed

[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore

[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered

24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_____

[A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolution

[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople

[C]toadvanceeconomicglobalization

[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

[A]TechnologyGoesCheap

[B]NewLawTakesEffect

[C]RecessionIsBad

[D]AverageIsOver

Text2

Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandthengohome.Between1908and1915,about7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.

Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:

legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasalienstobekickedout.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.

Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.

Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.

Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes,includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.

26.“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho___

[A]findpermanentjobsoverseas

[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood

[C]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic

[D]stayinaforeigntemporarily

27.ItisimpliedinParagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheUS____

[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories

[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants

[C]shouldbeadaptedtomeetchallenge