硕士研究生入学考试 英语二真题及参考答案.docx

1、硕士研究生入学考试 英语二真题及参考答案2013年硕士研究生入学考试 英语二真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cas

2、hless society in which all payments are made electronically. _1_ ，a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been _2_ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon r

3、evolutionize the very _3_ of money itself, only to _4_ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so_5_ in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work _6_ the disappearance of the paper

4、 system. First, it is very _7_ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the_8_ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they _9_ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to _10_ . Third, the use of paper

5、 checks gives consumers several days of float - it takes several days _11_ a check is cashed and funds are _12_ from the issuers account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. _13_ electronic payments are immediate; they eliminate the float for the

6、consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may _14_ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information _15_ there. The fact that this is not an _16_ occurrence means that dishonest persons migh

7、t be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and _17_ from someone elses accounts. The _18_ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to _19_ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an

8、 electronic _20_ that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1AHoweverBMoreoverCThereforeDOtherwise2AoffBbackCoverDoff3ApowerBconceptChistoryDrole4ArewardBresistCresumeDr

9、everse5AsilentBsuddenCslowDsteady6AforBagainstCwithDon7AexpensiveBimaginativeCsensitiveDproductive8AdominantBoriginalCtemporaryDsimilar9AcollectBprovideC copyDprint10Agive upBtake over Cbring back Dpass down11Abefore BafterCsince Dbefore12AkeptBborrowedCwithdrawnDreleased13AUnless BBecause CUntil DT

10、hough14AhideBexpressCraiseDease15AanalyzedBsharedCdisplayedDstored16AunsafeBunnaturalCunclearDuncommon17AchooseBstealCbenefitDreturn18AconsiderationBmanipulationCpreventionDjustification19Acall for Bfight againstCadapt to Dcope with20Achunk BchipCtrail Dpath完形填空参考答案1However2Around3History4Reverse5Sl

11、ow6Against7Experience8Similar9Provide10Giveup11Before12Withdrawn13Though14Raise15Stored16Uncommon17Steal18Prevention19Copewith20ChipSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANS

12、WER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is th

13、ere to keep the man away from the machines.” Davidsons article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Grea

14、t Recession, but it is also because of the advantages in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But

15、, today, average is officially over. Being average just wont earn you what it used to. It cant when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find

16、their extra - their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But theres been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, U.S. factories shed workers so fast

17、 that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs - about 6 million in total -disappeared.”There will always be changed - new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalizati

18、on and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.

19、Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_ A the impact of technological advances B the alleviation of job pressure C the shrinkage of textile mills D the decline of middle-class incomes22. Ac

20、cording to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to_.A adopt an average lifestyle B work on cheap softwareC contribute something uniqueD ask for a moderate salary23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that _A gains of technology have been erasedB job opportunities are disappearing at

21、a high speedC factories are making much less money than beforeD new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_A to accelerate the I.T. revolutionB to ensure more education for peopleC to advance economic globalizationD to pass more

22、bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?A Technology Goes CheapB New Law Takes EffectC Recession Is Bad D Average Is OverText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many fol

23、ks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually ret

24、urned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kic

25、ked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We dont need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we c

26、an recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges. Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among todays birds of passage. They are ene

27、rgetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another. With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We ne

28、ed them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably. Accommodating this new world of people in motion wil

29、l require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish l

30、egally in the existing system.26. “Birds of passage” refers to those who_ A find permanent jobs overseasB leave their home countries for goodC immigrate across the AtlanticD stay in a foreign temporarily27. It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US_A needs new immigrant categoriesB has loosened control over immigrantsC should be adapted to meet challenge