英语主要句子成分.docx
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英语主要句子成分
英语主要句子成分
一)主语:
是一句话描述的主体,是全句陈述,说明的对象,说明动作是“谁”发出的。
常用名词,数词或代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词、从句等充当担任,一般放于句首。
如:
1、Studentsstudy.(学生学习。
)
2、Wearefriends.(我们是朋友)
3、Toseeistobelieve.(耳听为虚眼见为实).
4、Thepainterpaintedaverynicepicture.(画家画了一幅漂亮的画。
)
5、Helpinganimalsistohelppeople.(帮助动物就是帮助人类。
)
6、TheyfoughtagainstSARSbravely.(他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。
)
7、Whathesaidisreallyveryinteresting.(他说的真的很有趣)
8、Ifyouwanttherainbowyouhavetoputupwiththerain.
不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。
9、Hetravelledinspaceforthefirsttime.(他首次在太空旅行。
)11、WhoteachesyouChinesethisyear?
(今年谁教你们的汉语?
)
10、Thepizzahasgonebad.(那块烤馅饼已经变坏。
)
1Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.
2WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.
3One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.
4Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.
5Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.
6Therichshouldhelpthepoor.
7WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.
8Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.
9Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue.
复习:
找出下面句子的主语,并说出由什么充当。
1.Seeingisbelieving
2.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch
3.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.
4.Thebooklyingontheflooraremine
5.Suddenlyitbeginstorain
6.Onemillionisenough.
7.TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine
8.Thereisanoldmancominghere.
9.Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
11.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.
12.Whatheneedsisabook.
13.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.
二)谓语:
是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,放在主语的后面。
常由“不及物动词”、“及物动词(+宾语)”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人或物“干什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息。
如:
1.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.
2.Hesaidhedidn'tcome.
3.Theyloveeachother.
4.Whatdidyoubuy?
5.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.
6.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.
7.ByethetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.
8.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheirmarriage.
9.yourjobtodayistohelptheold.
10.Shebecameadoctorin1998
找出下面句子的谓语,并说出由什么充当。
①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.
②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.
③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.
⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.
⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.
⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.
⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?
复习:
找出下面句子的谓语,并说出由什么充当。
1、One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.
2、Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.
3、WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.
4、Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.
5、Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue
6、Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
7、Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
8、HewondersIfIstillstudyEnglish
9、Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday
10、Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.
三)宾语:
表示谓语动作的承受者、作用对象是“谁”或者是“何物”。
常由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当。
注:
(一)只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。
(二)双宾语:
英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,动作的承
受者,即指物的叫做直接宾语,动作是为谁做的或
是对谁做的,即指人的叫做间接宾语,这两个宾语
称为“双宾语”。
如:
1、Passmethesalt,please.thesalt(直接宾语),me
(间接宾语)
2、Theyaskedmetosingthemasong.
asong(直接宾语),them(间接宾语)。
一般情况下间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。
间接宾语
也可以放在直接宾语的后面,这时候需要在间接宾语
之前分别加两个介词:
for(为)或to(给).具体用哪
一个介词,主要取决于句子的谓语动词。
如:
1、I’lllendyousomethingtoread.→
I’lllendsomethingtoreadtoyou.
我要借点什么东西给你看。
2、Ihopeyouwilldomeafavor.→
Ihopeyouwilldoafavorforme.
我希望你能帮/为我做一件事。
如:
1、Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.
2、Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.
3、Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?
Ihavefive.
4、Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.
5、Hepretendednottoseeme.
6、Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.
7、Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.
8、Suddenlyitbeginstorain.
9、Doingexercisedoesgoodtothehealth.
10、Wehavetoputoffthesportsmeetingbecauseoftherain.
找出下面句子的宾语,并说出由什么充当。
①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.
②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.
⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.
⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.
⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.
⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas" reallyis.
复习:
找出下面句子的宾语,并说出由什么充当
1.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
2.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
3.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
4.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
5.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
6.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
7.Helikesgoingriding.
8.Theyarehavingapartyinthegarden.
9.Idon’tknowwhentheywillarrive.
10.Theythinkthirteenunfortunate.
四)宾语补足语:
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:
某些及物动词(如感官动词、使役性动词等)+宾语+宾补。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
例如:
1、HisfathernamedhimDongming.
2、Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.
3、Letthefreshairin.
4、Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.
5、Wesawherenteringtheroom.
6、Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.
7、Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.
8、Theyfounditimportanttomasteranforeignlanguage.
9、Henoticedamanentertheroom.
10、Youhadbetterhaveyoudooropened/open.
挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
④TheycallmeLilysometimes.
⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.
⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?
复习:
找出下面句子的宾语补足语,并说出由什么充当
1、Youwillfind it useful after you leave school.
2、They made him monitor oftheclass.
3、Theteacheraskedthestudentstofinishthehomeworkafterclass.
4、Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
5、Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
6、Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
7、TheycallmeLilysometimes.
8、IsawMrWanggetonthebus.
9、DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?
五)表语
表语是用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态的句子成分,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
如:
1、Hebecameadoctorafterhelefthighschool.(高中毕业他当上了医生。
)
2、Therubberwheelsareoverthere.(橡胶轮子在那边。
)
3、Whoisit?
(谁呀?
)
4、One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.
5、Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.
6、Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.
7、Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue.
8、Wearefriends.(我们是朋友)
9、Toseeistobelieve.(耳听为虚眼见为实).
10、Whathesaidisreallyveryinteresting.(他说的真的很有趣)
注:
1、表语只能放在连系动词(如:
be,look,become,turnget,grow,feel,seem)之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。
2、代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。
如:
It’sI.(It’sme.)
画出下列句中的表语,并说明由什么充当。
1、OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.
2、Isityours?
3、Theweatherhasturnedcold.
4、Thespeechisexciting.
5、Threetimessevenistwentyone.
6、HisjobistoteachEnglish.
7、Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.
8、Themachinemustbeunderrepairs.
复习:
画出下列句中的表语,并说明由什么充当。
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.
②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.
④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.
⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.
⑦Mostofthestudentsareintheclass.
⑧Hisadviceisthatweleaveatonce.
⑨Seeingisbelieving..
⑩Toseeistobelieve.