英语主要句子成分.docx

1、英语主要句子成分英语主要句子成分一）主语：是一句话描述的主体，是全句陈述，说明的对象，说明动作是“谁”发出的。常用名词，数词或代词（人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词、从句等充当担任，一般放于句首。如：1、Students study. (学生学习。)2、We are friends.(我们是朋友) 3、To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). 4、The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) 5、Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)6、The

2、y fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) 7、What he said is really very interesting.(他说的真的很有趣)8、If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。9、He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) 11、Who teaches you Chinese this year?(今年谁教你们的汉语？) 10、The pizza has gone bad.

3、(那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) 1 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2 We often speak English in class.3 One-third of the students in this class are girls.4 To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5 Smoking does harm to the health.6 The rich should help the poor.7 When we are g

4、oing to have an English test has not been decided.8 It is necessary to master a foreign language.9 That he isnt at home is not true.复习：找出下面句子的主语，并说出由什么充当。1.Seeing is believing2.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much3. It takes me an hour to get there.4.The book lying on the floor are mine5.Suddenly it

5、 begins to rain6.One million is enough.7.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine8.There is an old man coming here.9.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.11.Twenty years is a short time in history.12.What he needs is a book. 13.It is very

6、 clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.二）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，放在主语的后面。常由“不及物动词”、“及物动词（+宾语）”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人或物“干什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息。如：1.We always work hard at English.2.He said he didnt come.3.They love each other.4.What did you buy?5.She watched her daughter play

7、ing the piano.6.Speaking doesnt mean doing.7.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.8.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.9.your job today is to help the old.10. She became a doctor in 1998找出下面句子的谓语，并说出由什么充当。 I dont like the picture on the

8、 wall. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. Do you usually go to school by bus? There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. What I want to tell you is this. We had better send for a doctor.

9、He is interested in music. Whom did you give my book to?复习：找出下面句子的谓语，并说出由什么充当。1、One-third of the students in this class are girls.2、 To swim in the river is a great pleasure.3、 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.4、 It is necessary to master a foreign language.5、 That he i

10、snt at home is not true6、 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.7、 The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.8、He wonders If I still study English9、To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday10、They are working on the farm now.三）宾语：表示谓语动作的承受者、作用对象是“谁”或者是“何物

11、”。常由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当。注：（一） 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。（二）双宾语：英语中，有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，动作的承受者，即指物的叫做直接宾语，动作是为谁做的或是对谁做的，即指人的叫做间接宾语，这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。如：1、Pass me the salt, please. the salt（直接宾语）， me（间接宾语）2、They asked me to sing them a song. a song（直接宾语）， them（间接宾语）。一般情况下间接宾语在

12、前，直接宾语在后。间接宾语也可以放在直接宾语的后面，这时候需要在间接宾语之前分别加两个介词：for（为）或to（给）.具体用哪一个介词，主要取决于句子的谓语动词。如：1、Ill lend you something to read. Ill lend something to read to you. 我要借点什么东西给你看。2、I hope you will do me a favor. I hope you will do a favor for me.我希望你能帮/为我做一件事。如： 1、They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday. 2、The

13、 heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. 3、How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.4、They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5、He pretended not to see me. 6、I enjoy listening to popular music.7、I think（that）he is fit for his office.8、Suddenly it begins to rain.9、Doi

14、ng exercise does good to the health.10、We have to put off the sports meeting because of the rain.找出下面句子的宾语，并说出由什么充当。 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of th

15、e students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really

16、 is.复习：找出下面句子的宾语，并说出由什么充当1. He handed me the newspaper.2. I shall answer your question after class.3. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.4. He managed to finish the work in time.5. Tom came to ask me for advice.6. He found it important to master English.7.He likes going riding.8.They are

17、having a party in the garden.9.I dont know when they will arrive. 10. They think thirteen unfortunate.四）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如感官动词、使役性动词等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：1、His father named him Dongming.2、They painted their boat white.3、Let the

18、 fresh air in.4、You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5、We saw her entering the room.6、We found everything in the lab in good order.7、We will soon make our city what your city is now.8、They found it important to master an foreign language.9、He noticed a man enter the room.10、You had better h

19、ave you door opened/open.挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the pla

20、yground just now?复习：找出下面句子的宾语补足语，并说出由什么充当1、You will finditusefulafteryouleaveschool.2、Theymadehimmonitorof the class.3、The teacher asked the students to finish the homework after class.4、She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.5、He asked her to take the boy out of sch

21、ool.6、She found it difficult to do the work.7、They call me Lily sometimes.8、I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.9、Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?五）表语表语是用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态的句子成分，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。如：1

22、、He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中毕业他当上了医生。) 2、The rubber wheels are over there.(橡胶轮子在那边。) 3、Who is it?(谁呀？)4、One-third of the students in this class are girls.5、To swim in the river is a great pleasure.6、It is necessary to master a foreign language.7、That he isnt at home is not true.

23、8、We are friends.(我们是朋友) 9、To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). 10、What he said is really very interesting.(他说的真的很有趣)注：1、表语只能放在连系动词(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。2、代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如：Its I. (Its me.)画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。1、 Our teacher of English is an American. 2、 Is it yours

24、? 3、 The weather has turned cold. 4、 The speech is exciting. 5、 Three times seven is twenty one.6、 His job is to teach English.7、 His hobby（爱好）is playing football. 8、 The machine must be under repairs. 复习：画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. Most of the students are in the class. His advice is that we leave at once. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.