海外并购中的文化冲击与融合本科毕设论文.docx
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海外并购中的文化冲击与融合本科毕设论文
毕业论文
论文题目：
海外并购中的文化冲击和融合
作者所在系部：
外语系
作者所在专业：
英语
作者所在班级：
B09711班
作者姓名：
赵盼盼
作者学号：
20094071114
指导教师姓名：
刘阿娜
完成时间：
2013年6月
北华航天工业学院教务处制
CulturalConflictandIntegrationinOverseasMergersandAcquisitions
by
ZhaoPanpan
ThesisAdvisor:
LiuAna
SubmittedtotheB.A.CommitteeinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsoftheDegreeofBachelorofArtsintheForeignLanguagesDepartmentofNorthChinaInstituteofAerospaceandEngineering.
指导教师情况
姓名
刘阿娜
技术职务
讲师
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外语系
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本科生毕业论文原创性及知识产权声明
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所呈交的毕业论文
CulturalConflictandIntegration
inOverseasMergersandAcquisitions
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摘要
并购是实现企业快速扩张的外部成长途径，全球已经历了五次并购浪潮。
随着国内产业结构的调整升级与企业国际化呼声的日益高涨，近年来我国企业并购活动也风起云涌。
但无论国外还是国内，并购的整体绩效并不乐观，原因之一是企业忽视了并购后的整合，尤其是文化整合。
本文结合并购整合的一般理论，重点研究了跨国并购中的企业文化整合问题。
首先，本文简要地回顾和评价国内外关于文化影响跨国公司方面的研究。
接着，本文对文化冲击、文化整合理论和文化整合模式选择理论进行了概述。
在前面分析的基础上，本文提出了企业跨国并购后文化整合的对策，包括跨国并购后文化整合模式的选择、不同整合阶段的策略选择。
本文的创新有两点:
一是分析了分析了文化整合中的问题；二是针对不同整合阶段提出了跨国并购企业的文化整合相对的策略。
关键词：
海外并购文化冲击文化整合
Abstract
Mergers&acquisitionsisanexteriorgrowthpathtoextendenterprisefast.TheworldhasalreadyexperiencedfivetimeswavetideofM&A.Inrecentyears，mergersacquisitionshavedevelopedlikerisingandsurgingcloudsalongwiththeadjustmentupgradeofindustrialstructureandthedemandofenterprises’internationalizationinourcountry.Butregardlessforeignordomesticsituation,theperformanceisfarformsatisfied.Oneofthereasonsistheneglectofthepost-mergerintegration,especiallythecultureintegration.
ThepapercombinesgeneraltheoryofM&Aintegration,whileemphasizingtheimportanceofcultureintegrationafterenterprise’sM&A.Firstly,thepapersimplyreviewsthestudiesofcultureinfluencesaboutinternationalbusinesshomeandabroad.Secondly,thepaperhasageneraldiscussionaboutcultureconflicts,cultureintegrationtheoryandmode.Finally,basedontheaboveanalysis,thepaperraisesafewsuggestionsaboutcultureintegrationstrategiesforinternationalM&A,whichincludethealternativesofintegrationmodesanddifferentstrategiesatdifferentstages.
Twoinnovations:
i,analysestheproblemsintheprocessofoverseasMergersandAcquisitions;ii,raisingdifferentcultureintegrationstrategiesatdifferentstages.
Keywords:
InternationalM&A,CultureConflicts,CultureIntegration
Contents
AbstractinChinesei
Abstractii
Introduction1
Chapter1:
DefinitionofCuture,CultureConflictandCulturalIntegration1
1.1DefinitionofCuture.............................................................................................................................1
1.2DefinitionofCultureConflicts.........................................................................................................2
1.3DefinitionofCulturalIntegrations................................................................................................3
1.3.1CulturalAssimilationMode........................................................................................3
1.3.2CulturalFusionMode................................................................................................3
1.3.3CulturalSeparationMode..........................................................................................4
1.3.4CulturalDeculturationMode.....................................................................................4
Chapter2:
CulturalConflictsandCulturalIntegrationsModes........4
2.1CulturalConflictsinOverseasMergersandAcquisitions.....4
2.1.1ConflictsbetweentheDevelopedCountries..............................................................4
2.1.2ConflictsbetweentheDevelopingCountries.............................................................5
2.1.3ConflictsbetweentheDevelopingandtheDeveloped..............................................5
2.2Thealternativesofintegrationmodes..................................................................................5
2.2.1CulturalAssimilationMode.......................................................................................5
2.2.2CulturalFusionMode................................................................................................5
2.2.3CulturalSeparationMode..........................................................................................6
2.2.4CulturalDeculturationMode.....................................................................................6
Chapter3ProblemsandNewStrategiesinOverseasMergersandAcquisitions6
3.1ProblemsinOverseasMergersandAcquisitions.................................................................7
3.1.1TheAcceptanceofStaffsfortheM&A.......................................................................7
3.1.2StrongDesiretoKeepItsOriginalTargets..................................................................7
3.2DifferentStrategiesatDifferentStages................................................................................7
3.2.1ExplorationStage--AssessmentandtheFormulationoftheConsolidationPlan.......7
3.2.2Collisionstage--TheImplementationofIntegratedPlan............................................8
3.2.3AdaptivePhase--MaintenanceandAdjustmentPlan..................................................8
3.2.4InnovationStage--RealizationoftheRealCulturalFusion........................................8
Conclusion9
Acknowledgments10
Bibliography11
CulturalConflictandIntegrationinOverseasMergersandAcquisitions
Introduction
Sincethelate90softhenextcentury,M&Ashavebeendevelopingrapidlythroughouttheworld,withtheoverseasM&Asasthemajorfeature.Ontheformsofforeigninvestment,greenfieldinvestmentisbecominglessandless,whilethecombinationofgreenfieldinvestmentandM&Asisincreasingsharply.Accordingtoonestat.report,thetotalamountofoverseasM&Ashadrisenfrom$83.1billionin1993to$880billionin2006,almosthavingagrowthrateof10times.Fortheyear2007,thetotalamountofglobalM&Asreached$58.1billion,holdingthegrowthrateof58%comparedtothesameperiodoftheyear2006.However,theincreasingnumberscannotalwaysindicateagoodoutcome,whichmeansweshouldnotbesatisfiedtooearly.Nowhereisanothergroupofincreasingnumbers.HerearesomereportsaboutthenegativeinformationofoverseasM&As:
theaveragefailurerateofoverseasM&Aisabout60%,whileChinahasthehighest--about70%.Accordingtothestat.ofWorldBank,forthereasontotheM&Afailures,morethan85%CEOortheauthorialdepartmentintheInternationalCompanyreferstotheculturalconflicts.TheyconfirmthatonlythecompanycanhandlethedifferenceswellcanmaketheoverseasM&Aasuccess.Absolutely,it’sclearthatculturehasthecomparativeimportanceforthesuccessoftheoverseasM&As.AsweallknowthatM&Asplayinstrumentalroleintheglobaleconomicdevelopment,thusmanyscholarsareengagedinthestudyofinfluentialfactors,amongmostofwhichtheyfocusculture.Focusingontheculturefactor,IwouldliketotalkabouthowitworksintheoverseasM&As--theconflictsandintegration.
Thisthesiscomprisesthreeparts.Chapter1offersusaclearunderstandingaboutcultureandhowcultureinfluencespeople’sbehaviors,especiallytheinternationalbusiness’sfunctioning.Chapter2focusesonthestudyofcultureandcultureintegration,whichincludesthemajorpart--cultureintegrationmodes.Chapter3suggestshowwechoosethemostusefulintegrationmodesandwhatkindsofstrategieswecanadoptatdifferentstagesintheprocessofcultureintegration.
Chapter1:
DefinitionofCulture,CultureConflictandCulturalIntegration
1.1DefinitionofCulture
Beforewestartthetheoriesdiscussion,weshouldgive“culture”anexactdefinition:
cultureissuchasystemofvaluesandnorms,whichisownedbyagroupofpeople,designedandbuiltfortheexistence（Charles,2009:
18）.Inthe70sof19thcentury,theanthropologistEdwardTylor（1871）firstlygavethedefinitionof“culture”:
cultureisacomplexusofknowledge,beliefs,art,morals,laws,habits,andotherabilitiespeopleneedasamemberofthesociety;thenfollowedbysomeotherscholars.SomerelativelyauthoritativedefinitionsarefromGeertHofstede（1982）:
cultureisthecomplexusofideologiesownedbyagroupofpeople,whichisalsodifferentfromanothergroup’s;andZviNamenwirth&RobertWeber（1987）:
cultureissystemofideaswhicharedestainedforhuman’sexistence.Withthereferencesofthesedifferentdefinitions,Charles.W.L.Hill（2009）gavethiscomprehensivedefinition.Herethevaluesareanabstractconcept,bywhichpeopleassurewhatisthegood,right,yearningidea.Andnormsrefertosocialrules,that’stosayhowtotelltheappropriatenessofsomebehaviorunderaspecificcircumstance.Cultureisdecidedbymanyfactorssuchasmainstreamreligions,languages,educationsetc.Becausewemainlytalkabouthowcultureaffectpeople’behaviors,wewon’tgivemorewordstalkingaboutthis.
1.2CulturalConflicts
Intheyearof1960,AmericananthropologistKalveroOberg（1960）firstlyraisedtheconceptof“culturalshock
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