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高考听力那些事儿
1
听力那些事
高考听力4方面
命题者
朗读者
教师(研究者)
学生(应试者)
课程标准和考试说明—选取材料—编制题目—所用技巧
男和女英式和美式单词意群句子升降连读略读爆破等
研究命题和朗读的特点和影响因素
学老师解题和提高心理和毅力训练
1.考试说明
1.听力
要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉的简短对话和独白。
考生应能:
(1)理解主旨和要义;
(2)获取事实性的具体信息;
(3)对所听内容作出简单推断;
(4)理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。
目的:
测试语音、句子重音、连读、不完全爆破、意群和停顿、升调和降调等以及流畅程度。
一档(9~10分)语音语调正确,朗读自然流利,且有节奏感。
2.课程标准:
初高中
一级
听做
1、能根据听到的词语识别或指认图片或实物;
2、能听懂课堂简短的指令并做出相应的反应;
3、能根据指令做事情,如:
指图片、涂颜色、画图、做动作、做手工等;
4、能在图片和动作的提示下听懂简单的小故事并做出反应。
二级
听
1、能在图片、图像、手势的帮助下,听懂简单的话语或录音材料;
2、能听懂简单的配图小故事;
3、能听懂课堂活动中简单的提问;
4、能听懂常用指令和要求并做出适当反应。
三
级
听
1、能识别不同句式的语调,如:
陈述句、疑问句和指令等;
2、能根据语调变化,判断句子意义的变化;
3、能辨认歌谣中的韵律;
4、能识别语段中句子间的联系;
5、能听懂学习活动中连续的指令和问题,并做出适当反应;
6、能听懂有关熟悉话题的语段;
7、能借助提示听懂教师讲述的故事。
四级
听
1、能听懂接近正常语速、熟悉话题的语段,识别主题,获取主要信息;
2、能听懂简单故事的情节发展,理解其中主要人物和事件;
3、能根据连续的指令完成任务;
4、能听懂广播、电视中初级英语教学节目。
五级
听
1、能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图;
2、能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话,并能从中提取信息和观点;
3、能借助语境克服生词障碍、理解大意;
4、能听懂接近正常语速的故事和记叙文,理解故事的因果关系;
5、能在听的过程中用适当方式做出反应;
6、能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息。
六级
听
1、能抓住所听语段中的关键词,理解句子之间的逻辑关系;
2、能从听力材料、简单演讲或讨论中提取信息和观点;
3、能听懂正常语速的故事或记叙文,了解其中主要人物和事件以及他们之间的关系;
4、能听懂日常的要求和指令,并能根据要求和指令完成任务。
七级
听
1、能识别语段中的重要信息并进行简单的推断;
2、能根据所听的内容做笔记;
3、能根据话语中的线索把相关事实和信息联系起来;
4、能听懂故事中对人和物的描写、情节的发展和结果。
八级
听
1、能识别不同语气所表达的不同态度;
2、能听懂有关熟悉话题的讨论和谈话并记住要点;
3、能抓住简单语段中的观点;
4、能基本听懂广播、电视英语新闻的主题或大意;
5、能听懂委婉的建议、劝告等。
九级
听
1、能听懂有关熟悉话题的演讲、讨论、辩论和报告;
2、能听懂国内外一般的英语新闻广播及天气预报;
3、能抓住较长发言的内容要点,理解讲话人的观点及目的;
4、能从言谈中判断对方的态度、喜恶、立场;
5、能理解一般的幽默;
6、能在听的过程中克服一般性的口音干扰。
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语音知识
二级
语音
(2'ELA'3.2.1.1)
1、知道错误的发音会影响交际;
2、知道字母名称的读音;
3、了解简单的拼读规律;
4、了解单词有重音;
5、语音清楚,语调自然。
五级
语音
(5'ELA'3.2.2.1)
1、了解语音在语言学习中的意义;
2、了解英语语音包括发音、重音、连读、语调、节奏等内容;
3、在日常生活会话中做到语音、语调基本正确、自然、流畅;
4、根据重音和语调的变化理解和表达不同的意图和态度;
5、根据读音拼写单词和短语。
七级
语音
(7'ELA'3.2.3.1)
1.在口头表达中做到语音、语调自然和流畅;
2.根据语音、语调了解话语中隐含的意图和态度;
3.初步了解英语诗歌中的节奏和韵律;
4.根据语音辨别和书写不太熟悉的单词。
八级
语音
(8'ELA'3.2.3.1)
1、在实际交际中逐步做到语音、语调自然、得体、流畅;
2、根据语音、语调了解和表达隐含的意图和态度;
3、了解诗歌中的节奏和韵律;
4、根据语音辨别和书写不太熟悉的单词或简单语句。
九
级
语
音
1.在用英语与各国人士进行交谈时或在听不同国家人士讲英语的录音时,能克服不同口音带来的困难,听懂大意;
2.能运用恰当的语调、节奏和重音变化等手段有效地表达不同的语意和态度等交流意图。
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附录语音和话题、功能表
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一、语音项目表
1.基本读音
(1)26个字母读音
(2)元音宇母在重读音节中的读音
(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音
(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音
(6)辅音字母组合的读音
(7)辅音连缀的读音
(8)成节音的读音
2.重音
(1)单词重音
(2)句子重音
3.读音的变化
(1)连读
(2)失去爆破
(3)弱读
(4)同化
4.语谓与节奏
(1)意群与停顿
(1)语调
(2)节奏
5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用
6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧
7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异
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三、功能意念项目表
1.社会交往(SocialCommunications)
(1)问候(Greetings)
A.Hi!
Hello!
Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
Howareyou?
Howareyoudoing?
Pleasesayhellotoyourparents.
Pleasegivemylove/bestwishestoLucy.B.Hi!
Hello!
Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
I'mOK.
Fine,thanks,andyou?
Verywell,thankyou.
*Justsoso.
Sure.
Allright.
(2)介绍(Introduction)
A.MynameisJim.
I'mastudent.
I'mfromEngland.
ThisisMr./Mrs./Miss/MsBrown.
I'dlikeyoutomeetBob.
*MayIintroduceProfessorJeffBrown?
B.Hello!
Howdoyoudo?
Nice/Glad/Pleasedtomeet(see)you.
(3)告别(Farewells)
A.Good-bye/Bye/Bye-bye.
Goodnight.
Seeyoulater/then/tomorrow/soon.
IamsorryIhavetogonow.
*IamafraidImustbeleavingnow.
B.Good-bye/Bye/Bye-bye.
Seeyou.
Goodnight.
Seeyoulater/then/tomorrow/soon.
(4)感谢(Thanks)
A.Thankyou(verymuch).
Thanksalot.
Thankyouforyourhelp.
It'sverykind/niceofyou.
*Iappreciateyourhelp.
B.It'sapleasure.
*Mypleasure.
That'sOK/allright.
You'rewelcome.
*Don'tmentionit.
(5)道歉(Apologies)
A.Sorry.I'msorry.
Excuseme,please.
Ibegyourpardon.
I'msorryforlosingyourbook.
I'msorrytointerruptyou.
I'msorry(that)I'mlate.
B.That'sOK.
It'sallright.
Nevermind.
Itdoesn'tmatter.
It'snothing.
*Forgetit.
(6)邀请(Invitation)
A.Wouldyouliketogoforawalk?
Youmustcometodinnerwithus.
MayIinviteyoutodinner?
What/Howabouthavingaswim?
B.OK.
①Thankyou.
I'dlikethat,thanks.
Yes,I'dloveto.
Thatwouldbeverynice.
②No,thankyou.
It'sveryniceofyou,butmymotherisill.
I'dloveto,butI'mafraidIhavenotime.
I'msorryIcan't.Whataboutanothertime?
(7)请求允许(Askingforpermission)
A.MayIcomein?
Can/CouldIuseyourtelephone?
*IsitallrightifIsithere?
*IwonderifIcouldsmokehere.
Would/DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?
B.①Yes,please.Sure.Certainly.
*Pleasedo.That'sallright.Ofcourse,youcan.
*Goahead,please.
②I'msorry,it'snotallowed.
I'mafraidnot.You'dbetternot.
*It'snotallowed.
*I'msorry,butyoucansmokeinthenextroom.
(8)祝贺与祝愿(Expressingwishesandcongratulations)
A.Haveagoodday/time!
Haveagoodjourney/trip!
Goodluck!
Enjoyyourself!
Bestwishestoyou.
HappyNewYear!
MerryChristmas!
Happybirthday!
Wishyouallthesuccess!
Congratulations!
Welldone!
B.Thankyou.
You,too.
Thesametoyou.
(9)提供帮助(Offeringhelp)
A.Doyouwantmetocleantheroom?
CanIhelpyou?
Wouldyoulikemetohelpyou?
WhatcanIdoforyou?
Letmetakeyourbags.
B.①Yes,please.Yes,thanks.
Thankyou.
Thatwouldbenice/fine.
Thankyouforyour(the)help.
②No,thanks/thankyou.
Thankyouallthesame.
That'sverykindofyou,butIcanmanageitmyself.
(10)接受或拒绝(acceptanceandrefusal)
(11)约会(Makingappointments)
A.Willyoubefreetomorrow?
Doyouhavetimethisafternoon?
Howabouttomorrowmorning?
When/Whereshallwemeet?
Couldwemeetat4:
30?
Let'smakeit4:
30.
Whattimeisconvenientforyou?
I'dliketomakeanappointmentwithMr.Jones.
B.①Yes,I'llbefreethen.
Allright.Seeyouthen.
②I'mafraidIhavenotimethen.
Sorry,Iwon'tbefreethen.ButI'llbefreetomorrow.
(12)打电话(Makingtelephonecalls)
A.Hello!
MayIspeaktoTom?
Hello!
I'dliketospeaktoMr.Green.
IsthatLiuYingspeaking?
Extensionsixtwotwosix,please.
CanIleaveamessage?
I'llcallbacklater/again.
I'llringhim/herupagain.
B.Hello!
ThisisMaryspeaking.
Hello,whoisthis?
Holdtheline,please.
Justamoment,please.
Hello,who'sspeaking?
Sorry.He/Sheisn'thererightnow.
CanItakeamessage?
Sorry.Ican'thearyou.
Thelineisbad/busy.
Icouldn'tgetthrough.
Sorry,I'mafraidyouhavethewrongnumber.
(13)就餐(Havingmeals)
A.Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?
Whatwouldyoulike(tohave)?
Wouldyoulikesomemorefish?
Helpyourselftosomefish.
*Whichdoyouprefer,riceornoodles?
*Whatwouldyouliketodrink,teaorcoffee?
B.①Yes,I'dlikeadrink.
I'dlikericeandchicken.
Justalittle,please.
CanIhavesomemoresoup?
It'ssodelicious.Thankyou.
*Iprefernoodlestorice.Ilikegreentea.
②No,thankyou.I'vehadenough.
I'mfull,thankyou.
It'sverydelicious,butIcan'teatanymore.
(14)就医(Seeingthedoctor)
A.What'sthematter?
Whatseemstobethetrouble?
Doyouhaveafever?
Howlonghaveyoufeltlikethis?
It'snothingserious.
Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.
You'llbeallright/wellsoon.
*Giveupsmokingandkeepontakingmoreexercises.
B.Ihaveaheadache/cough/fever.
Ifeelterrible/bad/horrible/awful.
Idon'tfeelwell.
I'vegotapainhere.
Ithurtshere.
*Idon'tfeellikeeating.
Ican'tsleepwell.
(15)购物(Shopping)
A.Can/MayIhelpyou?
WhatcanIdoforyou?
Howmany/muchwouldyoulike?
Whatcolour/size/kindwouldyoulike?
Whataboutthisone?
Here'syourchange.
B.Iwant/I'dlikeapairofshoes.
Howmuchisit/arethey?
MayItryiton?
It'stoobig/small.
Sorry,it'stooexpensive.
Doyouhaveanyothercolours/sizes/kinds?
Twoandahalfkilos/pounds,please.
That'sfine.I'lltakeit.
Justhavealook.
Well,I'11thinkaboutit.
(16)问路(Askingtheway)
A.Excuseme.Where'sthewashroom?
Canyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?
Excuseme.WhichbusgoestoWorldPark?
Excuseme.WhichisthewaytotheBankofChina?
Excuseme.Couldyoutellmethewayt6thestation,please?
HowcanIgettoNo.4MiddleSchool?
B.①It'soverthere.
It'sabout400metresfromhere.
Godownthisstreetuntilyouseethetallredbuilding.
Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing/comer.
Youcan'tmissit.
YoucantakebusNo.103.
You'dbettertakeataxi.?
②Sorry.Idon'tknow.I'mastrangerhere.
(17)谈论天气(Talkingaboutweather)
A.What'stheweatherliketoday?
How'stheweatherinBeijing?
Whatacold/hotdaytoday!
It'sanice/fine/beautiful/horribledaytoday.
B.It'ssunny/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy/foggy.
It'sgettingcool/cold/warm/hot.
(18)语言交际困难(Languagedifficultiesincommunication)
Pardon?
Ibegyourpardon?
Idon'tunderstand.Sorry,Ican'tfollowyou.
*Couldyousaythatagain,please?
*Couldyourepeatthat,please?
Canyouspeakmoreslowly,please?
*Whatdoyoumeanbykillingtime?
Howdoyousay...inEnglish?
Idon'tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish.
Idon'tknowthewordinEnglish.
Howdoyouspellit,please?
I'msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.
(19)提醒注意(Remindingandwarning)
Don'tforgetyourraincoat.Remembertolockthedoor.
*Makesurethatallthewindowsareclosed.
Mindyourhead/step!
Nosmoking!
Nospitting!
Wetfloor!
Lookout!
Becareful!
Don'ttouch!
It'sdangerous!
(20)警告和禁止(Warningandprohibition)
(21)劝告(Advice)
You'dbettergotoseethedoctor.
YoushouldlistentoandreadEnglisheveryday.
YouneedtobuyaChinese-Englishdictionary.
*IfIwereyou,I'dphonehimnow.
Don'trush/hurry/push.Pleasestandinline.
(22)建议(Suggestions)
Let'sgoa